scholarly journals Nutrient and Sensory Metabolites Profiling of Averrhoa Carambola L. (Starfruit) in the Context of Its Origin and Ripening Stage by GC/MS and Chemometric Analysis

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2423
Author(s):  
Nehal S. Ramadan ◽  
Ludger A. Wessjohann ◽  
Andrei Mocan ◽  
Dan C Vodnar ◽  
Nabil H. El-Sayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
Averrhoa Carambola ◽  
Edible Fruit ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Safety Assessments ◽  
Methyl Caproate

Averrhoa carambola L. is a tropical tree with edible fruit that grows at different climatic conditions. Despite its nutritive value and reported health benefits, it is a controversial fruit owing to its rich oxalate content. The present study aimed at investigating aroma and nutrient primary metabolites distribution in A. carambola fruits grown in Indonesia, Malaysia (its endemic origin) versus Egypt, and at different ripening stages. Two techniques were employed to assess volatile and non-volatile metabolites including headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) joined with gas chromatography coupled with mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-MS post silylation, respectively. Twenty-four volatiles were detected, with esters amounting for the major class of volatiles in Egyptian fruit at ca. 66%, with methyl caproate as the major component, distinguishing it from other origins. In contrast, aldehydes predominated tropically grown fruits with the ether myristicin found exclusively in these. Primary metabolites profiling led to the identification of 117 metabolites viz. sugars, polyols and organic acids. Fructose (38–48%) and glucose (21–25%) predominated sugar compositions in ripe fruits, whereas sorbitol was the major sugar alcohol (2.4–10.5%) in ripe fruits as well. Oxalic acid, an anti-nutrient with potential health risks, was the major organic acid detected in all the studied fruits (1.7–2.7%), except the Malaysian one (0.07%). It increases upon fruit ripening, including considerable amounts of volatile oxalate esters detected via SPME, and which must not be omitted in total oxalate determinations for safety assessments.

Better a Friend Nearby Than a Brother Far Away? The Health Implications of Foreign Domestic Workers’ Family and Friendship Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-783
Author(s):  
Jing Ye ◽  
Feinian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Daily Contact ◽  
Foreign Domestic Workers ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Migrant Domestic Workers

Migrant domestic workers provide essential services to the families they live with, but they are not considered a part of the family. As a group, they are not well-integrated into the society and often suffer from social isolation. In this article, we explore the potential health buffering effects of their personal network, in terms of family and friendship ties in both the local community and their home country. Existing literature provides inconsistent evidence on who and what matters more, with regard to the nature, strength, and geographic locations of individual personal networks. Using data from the Survey of Migrant domestic Workers in Hong Kong (2017), we find that family ties are extremely important. The presence of family members in Hong Kong as well as daily contact with family, regardless of location, are associated with better self-reported health. Only daily contact with friends in Hong Kong, not with friends in other countries, promotes better health. We also find evidence that the protective effects of family and friends networks depend on each other. Those foreign domestic workers with families in Hong Kong but also maintain daily contact with friends have the best self-reported health among all.

scholarly journals How does agro-pastoralism affect forage and soil properties in western Serengeti, Tanzania?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-133
Author(s):  
Pius Yoram Kavana ◽  
Ephraim J. Mtengeti ◽  
Anthony Sangeda ◽  
Christopher Mahonge ◽  
Robert Fyumagwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Standing Biomass ◽  
Grazing Lands

The impacts of agro-pastoral activities on soil properties, plus nutritive value and residual standing biomass of herbaceous plants in areas of different land uses in western Serengeti, were evaluated. Vegetation and soil were sampled along 4,000 m transects laid across fallow land, areas grazed only by livestock, mixed grazing (livestock and wildlife) and wildlife grazing only. A total number of 123 plant species were encountered during sampling. Analyses of soil and vegetation samples were conducted at Sokoine University of Agriculture laboratories. The estimated average density of grazing animals encountered was 160 TLU/km2 on transects within livestock-dominated grazing lands, 129 TLU/km2 for mixed grazing and 83 TLU/km2 for wildlife grazing only. Results indicated that ADF, IVDMD, IVOMD, ME and TDN in residual herbaceous forage at flowering were significantly (P<0.05) affected by land use type but CP, NDF and ADL were not affected. Soil pH, OC, CEC, C:N ratio and Ca differed significantly (P<0.05) between land use types. An overall evaluation indicated that regardless of climatic conditions, residual biomass of herbaceous plants in western Serengeti is determined by intensity of grazing, soil C:N ratio and concentrations of Ca and P in the soil. We conclude that agro-pastoral practices conducted in western Serengeti affected residual standing biomass of herbaceous plants and soil properties. We recommend that grazing pressure in communal grazing lands be reduced by either reducing number of grazing animals or duration of grazing in a particular grazing area, and specific studies be conducted to establish stocking rates appropriate for specific communal grazing lands in villages.

Influence of maturity stage on in situ dry matter degradability of six maize varieties in fistulated sheep

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 89-89
Author(s):  
M. A. Akbar ◽  
P. Lebzien ◽  
G. Flachowsky
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Two Stages

The fresh weight, dry matter (DM) contents and nutritional quality in maize vary considerably with variation in varieties, stages at which harvested, climatic conditions and agronomic factors. Recently, agronomists, nutritionists, and dairy producers have placed increased emphasis on factors affecting the nutritive value of maize. However, very little information is available on quantitative variability of the feed value of maize fodder as affected by such factors. This study was, therefore, carried out to assess the effect of harvesting of six different maize varieties at two stages (dates) of grain maturity on quality of both the stover and cobs.

Determination of dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) degradability in forages by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS)

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 154-154
Author(s):  
C. Cajarville ◽  
J. P Repetto ◽  
A. Curbelo ◽  
C. Soto ◽  
D. Cozzolino
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Optimum Planning ◽  
Plant Maturity ◽  
Animal Feeding

The nutritive value of forage crops is related mainly to climatic conditions and stage of plant maturity, and its determination for any given crop is essential for optimum planning and animal feeding (Berardo et al., 1993; Deaville and Flinn, 2000). Worldwide the nutritive value of forages is often estimated by chemical or physical methods and is expressed as the concentration of chemical constituents in the plant tissue. There is little information in the literature about the use of NIRS to determine degradability in pastures with different conditions, season, different places (Wilman et al., 2000). The aim of the work to explore the use of NIRS as rapid tool for estimate DM and N degradability in forages.

Effect of variety and maturity stage on chemical composition, carbohydrate and protein subfractions, in vitro rumen degradability and energy values of timothy and alfalfa

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Yu ◽  
D. A. Christensen ◽  
J. J. McKinnon ◽  
J. D. Markert
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Insoluble Protein ◽  
Timothy 2 ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of forage variety and stage of maturity on chemical composition, protein and carbohydrate subfractions, in vitro rumen degradability and energy content under the climatic conditions of western Canada. Two varieties of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cvs. Pioneer and Beaver) and timothy (Phleum pratense L. cvs. Climax and Joliette), grown at three locations in Saskatchewan (Canada), were cut at three stages [1 = 1 wk before commercial cut (early bud for alfalfa; joint for timothy); 2 = at commercial cut (late bud for alfalfa; pre-bloom head for timothy); and 3 = one week after commercial cut (early bloom for alfalfa; full head for timothy)]. The results showed that: (1) the varieties had minimal effects on nutritional value; however, (2) stage of cutting had a large impact on chemical composition, protein and carbohydrate fractions, in vitro rumen degradability and energy value. As plant maturity advanced from stage 1 to 3, the following changes were noticed: (a) CP was decreased [alfalfa: 20.2 to 17.6; timothy: 11.1 to 7.9% dry matter (DM)]; fibre was affected very little in alfalfa but increased in timothy [acid detergent fibre (ADF): 38.0 to 40.7; neutral detergent fibre (NDF): 68.7 to 72.8% DM]; lignin and neutral detergent insoluble protein (NDIP) were not affected in either forage; acid detergent insoluble protein (ADIP) was increased in alfalfa (3.5 to 17.1% CP), but no effect was seen in timothy; (b) the rapidly degradable protein fraction (PA) was reduced in alfalfa (51.2 to 34.8% CP) but increased in timothy (9.2 to 27.5% CP); the rapidly degradable fraction (PB1) increased in alfalfa (0.0 to 25.2% CP), but decreased in timothy (31.6 to 16.7%); the intermediate degradable fraction (PB2) decreased in both forages (alfalfa: 14.1 to 5.2; timothy: 37.8 to 29.4% CP); the slowly degradable fraction (PB3) declined in alfalfa (33.1 to 17.7% CP), but was not affected in timothy (averaging 21.3% CP); the unavailable fraction (PC) associated with the cell wall increased in alfalfa (3.5 to 17.1% CP), but did not change in timothy (averaging 5.2% CP); (c) in vitro rumen degradabilities of DM (IVDMD) and NDF (IVNDFD) increased at stage 2 and then declined at stage 3. The highest IVDMD and IVNDFD after a 48-h incubation were at cutting stage 2 (50.5 and 37.3%; 42.8 and 37.3% for alfalfa and timothy, respectively); (d) the energy content behaved in a quadratic fashion; it increased initially and then decreased with the highest energy contents at stage 2 for both forages (TDN1x, DE1x, DEp, MEp, NELp: 63.8% DM, 2.92, 2.68, 2.26, 1.40 Mcal kg-1 DM for alfalfa; 45.3% DM, 2.03, 1.86, 1.43, 0.82 Mcal kg-1 DM for timothy, respectively). In general, the best cutting was found at stage 2, which was late-bud for alfalfa varieties and pre-bloom head for timothy. Key words: Alfalfa, timothy, variety, maturity, nutritive value

scholarly journals Enriching the Nutritive Value of Marigold (Tagetes Erecta L) Crop Residues as a Ruminant​ Feed by Lactic Acid​ During Ensilage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijiang Hou ◽  
Jianyong Liu ◽  
Ming Cai ◽  
Yanpei Liu ◽  
Lan Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Tagetes Erecta L ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Background: Marigold (Tagetes erecta L) accounts for over half of the world's loose flower production, and marigold crop residues (MCR) are abundantly available and should be used as a forage. In this study, MCR from the last commercial flower pickings was ensilaged with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and the shift in their volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profiles was monitored. Samples were collected at 6 different times during ensilage (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 30 days) to determine and quantify the VOCs changes using a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: After 30 days, the caryophyllene and piprocyone, which account for 14.67% and 12.17% of total VOCs, decreased by 32.86% and 9.62% respectively, alcohols increased from 2.8% to 8.13%, and the acetic acid content increased by 560%. Conclusion: The results reported in this study show that during ensilage, LAB influences type and levels of VOCs. These results have shed light on our understanding of how to improve marigold residue odor and to enhance terpene degradation by lactic acid bacteria fermentation.

Millets as an Integral Part of Nutritional Diet in India

2018 ◽  
pp. 131-150
Author(s):  
T. K. Hrideek ◽  
K. U. K. Nampoothiri
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
The People ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Face ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security

Millets are small grained cereals belonging to the family Gramineae and they include major millets and minor millets. Millets are quite important from the point of food and nutritional security at regional and house hold level. In India's dry lands, they play a significant role in meeting food and fodder requirements of farming communities. Millets are found to have high nutritive value comparable and even superior to major cereals with respect to protein, energy, vitamins and minerals. They are also rich sources of phytochemicals and micronutrients. Since millet is gluten-free, it is an excellent option for the people who are suffering from atherosclerosis, diabetics and heart disease. In the face of increasing population and stagnant wheat and rice production, millets can be a promising alternative in solving the problem of food insecurity and malnutrition, because of their sustainability in adverse agro-climatic conditions. These crops have substantive potential in broadening the genetic diversity of the food basket and ensuring improved food and nutrition security.

scholarly journals Oats, more than just a whole grain: an introduction

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (S2) ◽  
pp. S1-S3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Clemens ◽  
B. Jan-Willem van Klinken
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Food Regulation ◽  
International Experts

In May 2012, an oats workshop was held in New York to convene a group of international experts to discuss the implications and applications of oats relative to human health. These diverse experts represented disciplines including, but not limited to, epidemiology, food regulation, nutrition and food science, grain breeding and plant genetics, food processing, medicine and public-health policy. This ensuing series addresses three important aspects pertinent to oats: a brief overview of the dynamics of oats; the spectrum of established and emerging research in agriculture and health; and the options and opportunities for future applications of oats that extend beyond dietary fibre. Oats have many unique chemical properties, potential health benefits, agricultural challenges and nutrition-policy opportunities – but global production of oats appears to be falling. This is occurring despite contemporary research in the development of drought and infestation resistance and climate-adaptive cultivars and assessments of oats’ unique components (such as dietary fibre, lipids, β-glucan and avenanthramides) that may contribute to health benefits. This suggests that oats represent a promising grain in the whole-grains landscape. New insights have been created into benefits beyond cardiovascular health. Modern milling and processing technologies have been developed to retain the nutritive value and functional properties of oats and to assure a consistent foundation for global health policies.

scholarly journals Estrogenic activity, selected plasticizers and potential health risks associated with bottled water in South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie H. Aneck-Hahn ◽  
Magdalena C. Van Zijl ◽  
Pieter Swart ◽  
Barry Truebody ◽  
Bettina Genthe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Gene Assay ◽  
17Β Estradiol

Abstract Potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are present in bottled water from various countries. In South Africa (SA), increased bottled water consumption and concomitant increases in plastic packaging create important consequences for public health. This study aimed to screen SA bottled water for estrogenic activity, selected target chemicals and assessing potential health risks. Ten bottled water brands were exposed to 20 °C and 40 °C over 10 days. Estrogenic activity was assessed using the recombinant yeast estrogen screen (YES) and the T47D-KBluc reporter gene assay. Solid phase extracts of samples were analyzed for bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), selected phthalates, bisphenol-A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and ethynylestradiol (EE2) using gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometry. Using a scenario-based health risk assessment, human health risks associated with bottled water consumption were evaluated. Estrogenic activity was detected at 20 °C (n = 2) and at 40 °C (n = 8). Estradiol equivalent (EEq) values ranged from 0.001 to 0.003 ng/L. BPA concentrations ranged from 0.9 ng/L to 10.06 ng/L. Although EEqs and BPA concentrations were higher in bottled water stored at 40 °C compared to 20 °C, samples posed an acceptable risk for a lifetime of exposure. Irrespective of temperature, bottled water from SA contained chemicals with acceptable health risks.

Dried Condensed Molasses Solubles in Complete-Type Diets for Growing Beef Heifers

1969 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-281
Author(s):  
Manuel Soldevila ◽  
José R. Latorre
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
General Health ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Tuna Fish ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Complete Type

The nutritive value of dried condensed molasses solubles (CMS) was evaluated in 16% CP complete-type diets for growing Charbray heifers in two studies. The diet contained 50% ground hay of tropical grasses, 15% tuna fish meal, 10% cane molasses and different ratios of ground corn and CMS. In both studies, rate of gain, feed efficiency and general health were used as comparison criteria. In both studies, CMS levels higher than 6% reduced the gains; CMS levels higher than 9% reduced gains more markedly. Feed conversion was decreased at CMS levels higher than 12%. No animal used in both studies, even those fed 21% dried CMS, exhibited diarrhea, as had previously occurred with broilers, laying hens, guinea hens and growing pigs when fed dried CMS levels as low as 10-15%. The general health of all animals remained excellent. The animals used the diets less efficiently as they became heavier, although the overall gains and conversion were reasonable for a feedlot operation under the climatic conditions in the arid Lajas Valley of Puerto Rico. Increasing the caloric density of diets as animals become heavier appears to be a necessity if improved utilization of feed is expected.

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