scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis, Network Pharmacology and in Silico Investigations on Anacamptis pyramidalis Tuber Extracts

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally ◽  
Marie Carene Nancy Picot-Allain ◽  
Gokhan Zengin ◽  
Eulogio J. Llorent-Martínez ◽  
Hassan H. Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Anacamptis Pyramidalis

Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) Rich. forms part of the Orchidaceae family that is highly valued for its horticultural as well as therapeutic benefits. The present study set out to investigate the inhibitory activity of A. pyramidalis tubers against key biological targets for the management of type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer disease, and skin hyperpigmentation. In addition, the antioxidant potential of the extracts was also assessed using multiple methods. The detailed phytochemical profiles of the extracts were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Based on qualitative phytochemical fingerprint, a network pharmacology analysis was conducted as well. Parishin was identified from the water extract only, whereas gastrodin and caffeic acid derivatives were present in the methanol extract. The methanol extract exhibited high inhibitory activity against tyrosinase (69.69 mg kojic acid equivalent/g extract), α-amylase (15.76 mg acarbose equivalent/g extract), and α-glucosidase (20.07 mg acarbose equivalent/g extract). Similarly, the methanol extract showed highest antioxidant potential (22.12, 44.23, 45.56, and 29.38 mg Trolox equivalent/g extract, for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), CUPric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC), and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays, respectively). Finally, the results of network pharmacology analysis, besides corroborating traditional uses of plant extracts in the management of cold and flu, confirmed a direct involvement of identified phytochemicals in the observed enzyme inhibitory effects, especially against tyrosinase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. Furthermore, based on the results of both colorimetric assays and network pharmacology analysis related to the activity of A. pyramidalis extracts and identified phytocompounds on enzymes involved in type 2 diabetes, a docking study was conducted in order to investigate the putative interactions of oxo-dihydroxy octadecenoic acid trihydroxy octadecenoic acid against aldose reductase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV, and α-glucosidase. Docking analysis suggested the inhibitory activity of these compounds against the aforementioned enzymes, with a better inhibitory profile shown by oxo-dihydroxy octadecenoic acid. Overall, the present findings supported the rationale for the use of A. pyramidalis as source of bioactive metabolites and highlight, today more than ever, for the strong necessity of linkage strategy between wild resource valorization and conservation policy.

INHIBITORY POTENCY OF WITHANIA SOMNIFERA EXTRACTS AGAINST DPP-4: AN IN VITRO EVALUATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar Kempegowda ◽  
Farhan Zameer ◽  
Chethan Kumar Narasimashetty ◽  
Shiva Prasad Kollur ◽  
Satish Kumar Murari
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
1H And 13C Nmr ◽  
Rp Hplc

Background: Pharmacologic treatments for type 2 diabetes are based upon increasing insulin availability and improving sensitivity to insulin. Nowadays, glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) based therapies aims at glucose control through DPP-4 inhibitors. DPP-4 is a transmembrane glycoprotein belongs to prolyl oligopeptidase family, with the specificity of removing X-Pro or X-Ala dipeptides from the N-terminus of polypeptides. GLP-1 effect by stimulating glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreatic islets, inhibit inappropriate post-meal glucagon release and slow gastric emptying promoting leaky gut. The current study investigated DPP-4 inhibitory activity of catechin, isolated from Withania somnifera (WS), for ethnopharmacological treatment of type 2 diabetes and aimed to increase availability of GLP-1and sensitivity to insulin. Materials and Methods: Young and matured fresh roots, leaves, and fruits of WS plant extract were considered and were systematically evaluated for DPP-4 inhibitory activity using in vitro method, enzyme kinetics, phytochemical analysis, RP-HPLC, LCMS and 1H and 13C NMR method and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. Results: In this study, methanol (100% and 80%) extracts of WS matured root exhibited maximum DPP-4 inhibitory activity when compared to other extracts. The maximum DPP-4 inhibitory activity was found in 100% methanol extract of matured root. Phytobioactive was purified by RP-HPLC. The compound purified was found to be flavonoid and was characterized (LCMS, 1H and 13C NMR studies), identified as catechin. Auxiliary, molecular docking was performed using Ligand Fit method using PatchDock package. The study revealed the binding affinity of catechin with DPP-4 to be -6.601 kcal/mol with 13 hydrogen interactions with the receptor and was very similar to the standard potent blockers withaferin A and others (cuscohygrine, scopoletin, sitoindoside IV, tropine), further confirming its hyperglycemic potency. Conclusion: The study reveals that, 100% methanol extract of WS matured roots contains the compound- catechin, which exhibits DPP-4 inhibitory activity resulting in increased level of bioactive GLP-1 and GIP. In this background, we concluded that the WS will be a better source for further development as new antidiabetic drugs.

scholarly journals Emerging Applications of Metabolomics to Assess the Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicines for Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumeng Zhang ◽  
Yingbo Yang ◽  
Lili Ding ◽  
Zhengtao Wang ◽  
Ying Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits

Diabetes is a common and complex disease that can exacerbate the complications related to cardiovascular disease, and this is especially true for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to the standard pharmacological therapies, T2DM has also been treated with nonconventional regimens such as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), e.g., herbal medicines and TCM prescriptions, although the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic benefits remain unclear. In this regard, many studies have used metabolomics technology to elucidate the basis for the efficacy of TCM for T2DM. Metabolomics has recently attracted much attention with regard to drug discovery and pharmacologically relevant natural products. In this review, we summarize the application of metabolomics to the assessment of TCM efficacy for treating T2DM. Increasing evidence suggests that the metabolic profile of an individual patient may reflect a specific type of T2DM syndrome, which may provide a new perspective for disease diagnosis. In addition, TCM has proved effective for countering the metabolic disorders related to T2DM, and this may constitute the basis for TCM efficacy. Therefore, further determining how TCM contributes to the reversal of metabolic disorders, such as using network pharmacology or by assessing the contribution of host–gut microbiota interactions, will also provide researchers with new potential targets for pharmacologic-based therapies.

Comprehensive Review on Neuro-Degenerative Type 3DM

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandani V. Chandarana ◽  
Salona Roy
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Insulin Signalling ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Type I ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits

: Alzheimer disease (AD) is thought to be the metabolic illness raised by defective insulin signaling, insulin resistance, and low insulin levels in the brain, according to a growing body of research. The "Type 3 diabetes" has been postulated for AD because reduced insulin signalling has molecular and physiological consequences that are comparable to Type I and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 1 DM and Type 2 DM, respectively). The similarities between type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease suggest that these clinical trials might yield therapeutic benefits. However, it's important to note that lowering your risk of Alzheimer's dementia, whether you have diabetes or not, is still a multidimensional process involving factors like exercise, smoking, alcohol, food, and mental challenge. The current aim is to show the relationship between T3D and AD being based on both the processing of amyloid-β (Aβ) precursor protein toxicity and the clearance of Aβ are the result of an impaired insulin signaling. The brain's metabolism with its high lipid content and energy needs, places excess demands on mitochondria and appears more susceptible to oxidative damage than the rest of the body. Current data suggests that increased oxidative stress relates to amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology and onset of AD.

scholarly journals Use of Network Pharmacology to Explore the Mechanism of Gegen (Puerariae lobatae Radix) in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Hyperlipidemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Guozhen Yuan ◽  
Shuai Shi ◽  
Qiulei Jia ◽  
Jingjing Shi ◽  
Shuqing Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Fluid Shear Stress ◽  
Chinese Herbs ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Active Ingredients

Rapid increases in metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hyperlipidemia, are becoming a substantial challenge to worldwide public health. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history and abundant experience in the treatment of diabetes and hyperlipidemia, and Puerariae lobatae Radix (known as Gegen in Chinese) is one of the most prevalent Chinese herbs applied to treat these diseases. The underlying mechanism by which Gegen simultaneously treats diabetes and hyperlipidemia, however, has not been clearly elucidated to date. Therefore, we systematically explored the potential mechanism of Gegen in the treatment of T2DM complicated with hyperlipidemia based on network pharmacology. We screened the potential targets of Gegen, T2DM, and hyperlipidemia in several online databases. Then, the hub targets were analyzed by performing protein-protein interaction, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment assays, and finally, the complicated connections among compounds, targets, and pathways were visualized in Cytoscape. We found that isoflavones, including daidzein, genistein, and puerarin, as well as β-sitosterol, are the key active ingredients of Gegen responsible for its antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemia effects, which mainly target AKR1B1, EGFR, ESR, TNF, NOS3, MAPK3, PPAR, CYP19A1, INS, IL6, and SORD and multiple pathways, such as the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway; the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, fluid shear stress, and atherosclerosis; the PPAR signaling pathway; insulin resistance; the HIF-1 signaling pathway; the TNF signaling pathway; and others. These active ingredients also target multiple biological processes, including the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. In conclusion, Gegen is a promising therapeutic phytomedicine for T2DM with hyperlipidemia that targets multiple proteins, biological processes, and pathways.

scholarly journals Phenolic composition and inhibitory activity of Mangifera indica and Mucuna urens seeds extracts against key enzymes linked to the pathology and complications of type 2 diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 903-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Anyachukwu Irondi ◽  
Ganiyu Oboh ◽  
Afolabi Akintunde Akindahunsi ◽  
Aline Augusti Boligon ◽  
Margareth Linde Athayde
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Phenolic Composition ◽  
Key Enzymes
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