scholarly journals Recent Advances in Chemical Biology Using Benzophenones and Diazirines as Radical Precursors

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Murtaza Hassan ◽  
Olasunkanmi O. Olaoye
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Biology ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Chemical Probes ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Acid Protein ◽  
Protein Nucleic Acid ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Factor Interactions ◽  
Insight Into

The use of light-activated chemical probes to study biological interactions was first discovered in the 1960s, and has since found many applications in studying diseases and gaining deeper insight into various cellular mechanisms involving protein–protein, protein–nucleic acid, protein–ligand (drug, probe), and protein–co-factor interactions, among others. This technique, often referred to as photoaffinity labelling, uses radical precursors that react almost instantaneously to yield spatial and temporal information about the nature of the interaction and the interacting partner(s). This review focuses on the recent advances in chemical biology in the use of benzophenones and diazirines, two of the most commonly known light-activatable radical precursors, with a focus on the last three years, and is intended to provide a solid understanding of their chemical and biological principles and their applications.

Nucleosome dynamics

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Stockdale ◽  
Michael Bruno ◽  
Helder Ferreira ◽  
Elisa Garcia-Wilson ◽  
Nicola Wiechens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Nucleosome Dynamics ◽  
Sharp Focus ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Chromatin Structure And Dynamics

In the 30 years since the discovery of the nucleosome, our picture of it has come into sharp focus. The recent high-resolution structures have provided a wealth of insight into the function of the nucleosome, but they are inherently static. Our current knowledge of how nucleosomes can be reconfigured dynamically is at a much earlier stage. Here, recent advances in the understanding of chromatin structure and dynamics are highlighted. The ways in which different modes of nucleosome reconfiguration are likely to influence each other are discussed, and some of the factors likely to regulate the dynamic properties of nucleosomes are considered.

Becoming the World's Biggest Brewer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Bertrams ◽  
Julien Del Marmol ◽  
Sander Geerts ◽  
Eline Poelmans
Keyword(s):  
Local Environment ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Beer Industry ◽  
National Market ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Global Company ◽  
Insight Into

AB InBev is today’s uncontested world leader of the beer market. It represents over 20 per cent of global beer sales, with more than 450 million hectolitres a year flowing all around the world. Its Belgian predecessor, Interbrew, was a success story stemming from the 1971 secret merger of the country’s two leading brewers: Artois and Piedboeuf. Based on first-hand material originating from company and private archives as well as interviews with managers and key family actors, this is the first study to explore the history of the company through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.The story starts in the mid-nineteenth century with the scientific breakthroughs that revolutionized the beer industry and allowed both Artois and Piedboeuf to prosper in a local environment. Instrumental in this respect were the respective families and their successive heirs in stabilizing and developing their firms. Despite the intense difficulties of two world wars in the decades to follow, they emerged stronger than ever and through the 1960s became undisputed leaders in the national market. Then, in an unprecedented move, Artois and Piedboeuf secretly merged their shareholding in 1971, though keeping their operations separate until 1987 when they openly and operationally merged to become Interbrew. Throughout their histories Artois, Piedboeuf, and their successor companies have kept a controlling family ownership. This book provides a unique insight into both the complex history of these three family breweries and their path to becoming a prominent global company, and the growth and consolidation of the beer market through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Chemical Biology of N-Glycans

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1040
Author(s):  
Asuka Shirakawa ◽  
Yoshiyuki Manabe ◽  
Koichi Fukase
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Chemical Biology ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Protein Functions ◽  
Potential Applications

Asparagine-linked N-glycans on proteins have diverse structures, and their functions vary according to their structures. In recent years, it has become possible to obtain high quantities of N-glycans via isolation and chemical/enzymatic/chemoenzymatic synthesis. This has allowed for progress in the elucidation of N-glycan functions at the molecular level. Interaction analyses with lectins by glycan arrays or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) using various N-glycans have revealed the molecular basis for the recognition of complex structures of N-glycans. Preparation of proteins modified with homogeneous N-glycans revealed the influence of N-glycan modifications on protein functions. Furthermore, N-glycans have potential applications in drug development. This review discusses recent advances in the chemical biology of N-glycans.

scholarly journals Significance of Mast Cell Formed Extracellular Traps in Microbial Defense

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Elieh Ali Komi ◽  
Wolfgang M. Kuebler
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Dna Strands ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Microbial Defense ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractMast cells (MCs) are critically involved in microbial defense by releasing antimicrobial peptides (such as cathelicidin LL-37 and defensins) and phagocytosis of microbes. In past years, it has become evident that in addition MCs may eliminate invading pathogens by ejection of web-like structures of DNA strands embedded with proteins known together as extracellular traps (ETs). Upon stimulation of resting MCs with various microorganisms, their products (including superantigens and toxins), or synthetic chemicals, MCs become activated and enter into a multistage process that includes disintegration of the nuclear membrane, release of chromatin into the cytoplasm, adhesion of cytoplasmic granules on the emerging DNA web, and ejection of the complex into the extracellular space. This so-called ETosis is often associated with cell death of the producing MC, and the type of stimulus potentially determines the ratio of surviving vs. killed MCs. Comparison of different microorganisms with specific elimination characteristics such as S pyogenes (eliminated by MCs only through extracellular mechanisms), S aureus (removed by phagocytosis), fungi, and parasites has revealed important aspects of MC extracellular trap (MCET) biology. Molecular studies identified that the formation of MCET depends on NADPH oxidase-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review, we summarize the present state-of-the-art on the biological relevance of MCETosis, and its underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. We also provide an overview over the techniques used to study the structure and function of MCETs, including electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy using specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to detect MCET-associated proteins such as tryptase and histones, and cell-impermeant DNA dyes for labeling of extracellular DNA. Comparing the type and biofunction of further MCET decorating proteins with ETs produced by other immune cells may help provide a better insight into MCET biology in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders as well as microbial defense.

¿¿Nueva narrativa? Entrevista con David Toscana

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-362
Author(s):  
Pablo A. J. Brescia ◽  
Scott M. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Latin American Narrative ◽  
Boom Latinoamericano ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Insight Into

This interview with Mexican writer David Toscana ponders the current state of both Mexican and Latin American narrative and serves as an insight into his own works. Toscana's statements about the recurring themes in his narrative (failure, loneliness, characters put to the test, and a tendency to play with different time frames, especially in his novels) help illustrate some of the characteristics of his fiction, which, according to various critics, is one of the most promising today in Mexico. Also noteworthy are his comments about the tendency of writers from his generation (born in the 1960s and later) to reject the legacy of the "boom" writers. Toscana's own interest is to revisit history and tradition by constructing a different voice and a different vision, a new way of seeing and hearing both the past and the present. Esta entrevista con el escritor mexicano David Toscana trata de explorar el estado actual de la narrativa mexicana y latinoamericana, améén de servir como una aproximacióón a la incipiente obra de este autor. Las respuestas de Toscana sobre los temas recurrentes en su literatura (el fracaso, la soledad, los personajes sometidos a pruebas y una tendencia a proponer diferentes marcos temporales, especialmente en sus novelas) subrayan algunos rasgos de su ficcióón, la cual, segúún la críítica especializada, es una de las máás prometedoras en el panorama mexicano de hoy. De especial interéés son los comentarios de Toscana sobre la tendencia de los escritores de su generacióón a rechazar el legado del "boom" latinoamericano. Toscana reacciona contra ese rechazo y propone una voz personal que vuelva a la historia y a la tradicióón y plantee una nueva manera de ver el pasado y el presente de Mééxico.

Gotta catch ‘em all: the microscale quest to understand cancer biology

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1203-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenwei Ma ◽  
Christopher Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
Insight Into

We highlight recent advances in the innovative use of microscale engineered technologies to gain new insight into the integrative biophysical mechanisms that drive cancer initiation and progression.

scholarly journals The Psychoprophylactic Method of Painless Childbirth in Socialist Czechoslovakia: from State Propaganda to Activism of Enthusiasts

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ema Hrešanová
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
The West ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
History Of ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Pharmacological Method ◽  
Insight Into

This paper explores the history of the ‘psychoprophylactic method of painless childbirth’ in socialist Czechoslovakia, in particular, in the Czech and Moravian regions of the country, showing that it substantially differs from the course that the method took in other countries. This non-pharmacological method of pain relief originated in the USSR and became well known as the Lamaze method in western English-speaking countries. Use of the method in Czechoslovakia, however, followed a very different path from both the West, where its use was refined mainly outside the biomedical frame, and the USSR, where it ceased to be pursued as a scientific method in the 1950s after Stalin’s death. The method was imported to Czechoslovakia in the early 1950s and it was politically promoted as Soviet science’s gift to women. In the 1960s the method became widespread in practice but research on it diminished and, in the 1970s, its use declined too. However, in the 1980s, in the last decade of the Communist regime, the method resurfaced in the pages of Czechoslovak medical journals and underwent an exciting renaissance, having been reintroduced by a few enthusiastic individuals, most of them women. This article explores the background to the renewed interest in the method while providing insight into the wider social and political context that shaped socialist maternity and birth care in different periods.

scholarly journals A Mini Review: Recent Advances in Surface Modification of Porous Silicon

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seo Lee ◽  
Jae Kang ◽  
Dokyoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Developed Surface ◽  
The Many ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Biomedical Fields

Porous silicon has been utilized within a wide spectrum of industries, as well as being used in basic research for engineering and biomedical fields. Recently, surface modification methods have been constantly coming under the spotlight, mostly in regard to maximizing its purpose of use. Within this review, we will introduce porous silicon, the experimentation preparatory methods, the properties of the surface of porous silicon, and both more conventional as well as newly developed surface modification methods that have assisted in attempting to overcome the many drawbacks we see in the existing methods. The main aim of this review is to highlight and give useful insight into improving the properties of porous silicon, and create a focused description of the surface modification methods.

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