scholarly journals A New Italian Purple Corn Variety (Moradyn) Byproduct Extract: Antiglycative and Hypoglycemic In Vitro Activities and Preliminary Bioaccessibility Studies

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Ferron ◽  
Raffaella Colombo ◽  
Barbara Mannucci ◽  
Adele Papetti
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Enzymatic Systems ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Typical Type

The reuse of byproducts from agricultural and food industries represents the key factor in a circular economy, whose interest has grown in the last two decades. Thus, the extraction of bioactives from agro-industrial byproducts is a potential source of valuable molecules. The aim of this work was to investigate the in vitro capacity of byproducts from a new Italian corn variety, named Moradyn, to inhibit the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) involved in several chronic age-related disorders. In addition, the hypoglycemic effect of Moradyn was tested by in vitro enzymatic systems. A Moradyn phytocomplex and its purified anthocyanin fraction were able to inhibit fructosamine formation and exhibited antiglycative properties when tested using BSA-sugars and BSA-methylglyoxal assays. These properties could be attributed to the polyphenols, mainly anthocyanins and flavonols, detected by RP-HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn. Finally, a Moradyn phytocomplex was submitted to a simulated in vitro digestion process to study its bioaccessibility. Moradyn could be considered as a promising food ingredient in the context of typical type 2 diabetes risk factors and the study will continue in the optimization of the ideal formulation to preserve its bioactivities from digestion.

scholarly journals Effect of Traditional Cooking and In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of the Ten Most Consumed Beans from the Fabaceae Family in Thailand on Their Phytochemicals, Antioxidant and Anti-Diabetic Potentials

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Duangjai Tungmunnithum ◽  
Samantha Drouet ◽  
Jose Manuel Lorenzo ◽  
Christophe Hano
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Time And Being ◽  
The Impact

The edible beans in Fabaceae have been used for foods and medicines since the ancient time, and being used more and more. It is also appeared as a major ingredient in dairy cooking menu in many regions including Thailand, a rich biodiversity country. Many studies reported on health benefits of their flavonoids, but there is no report on the effect of cooking on phytochemical profile and pharmacological potentials. Thus, this present study aims to complete this knowledge, with the 10 most consumed Fabaceae beans in Thailand, by determining the impact of traditional cooking and gastrointestinal digestion on their phytochemicals, their antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities using different in vitro and in cellulo yeast models. The results showed that Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis were the richest source of phytochemicals, whereas the population of V. mungo, Phaseolus vulgaris, V. angularis, and V. unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis were richest in monomeric anthocyanin contents (MAC). Furthermore, the results clearly demonstrated the impact of the plant matrix effect on the preservation of a specific class of phytochemicals. In particular, after cooking and in vitro digestion, total flavonoid contents (TFC) in Glycine max extract was higher than in the uncooked sample. This study is the first report on the influence of cooking and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the inhibition capacity toward advanced glycation end products (AGEs). All samples showed a significant capacity to stimulate glucose uptake in yeast model, and V. angularis showed the highest capacity. Interestingly, the increase in glucose uptake after in vitro digestion was higher than in uncooked samples for both P. vulgaris and G. max samples. The current study is the first attempt to investigate at the effects of both processes not only on the natural bioactive compounds but also on antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities of Thailand’s 10 most consumed beans that can be applied for agro-industrial and phytopharmaceutical sectors.

scholarly journals Stability of Anthocyanins from Commercial Black Currant Juice under Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alija Uzunović ◽  
Edina Vranić
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Stability

Anthocyanins are effective antioxidants but they have also been proposed to have other biological activities independent of their antioxidant capacities that produce health benefits. Examples range from inhibition of cancer cell growth in vitro, induction of insulin production in isolated pancreatic cells, reduction of starch digestion through inhibition of a-glucosidase activity, suppression of inflammatory responses as well as protection against age-related declines in cognitive behavior and neuronal dysfunction in the central nervous system. However, to achieve any biological effect in a specific tissue or organ, anthocyanins must be bioavailable; i.e. effectively absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) into the circulation and delivered to the appropriate location within the body. In this study, we assess the stability of anthocyanins from commercial Black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) juice using an in vitro digestion procedure that mimics the physiochemical and biochemical conditions encountered in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The main objective of this work was the evaluation of stability of anthocyanins during in vitro digestion in gastric and intestinal fluid regarding whether appropriate enzyme (pepsin or pancreatin) was added or not. Anthocyanins present in commercial black currant juice remain stable during in vitro digestion in gastric fluid regardless whether pepsin was added into the medium or not. Also, they remain stable during in vitro digestion in simulated intestinal fluid without pancreatin. The stability studies of anthocyanins in the intestinal fluid containing pancreatin indicated reduced stability, which also mainly contribute to slight reduction of total anthocyanins content (1,83%-) in commercial black currant juice.

scholarly journals Methylglyoxal, a Highly Reactive Dicarbonyl Compound, in Diabetes, Its Vascular Complications, and Other Age-Related Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 407-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Schalkwijk ◽  
C. D. A. Stehouwer
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Glyoxalase System ◽  
Dicarbonyl Compound ◽  
Complications Of Diabetes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The formation and accumulation of methylglyoxal (MGO), a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, vascular complications of diabetes, and several other age-related chronic inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and disorders of the central nervous system. MGO is mainly formed as a byproduct of glycolysis and, under physiological circumstances, detoxified by the glyoxalase system. MGO is the major precursor of nonenzymatic glycation of proteins and DNA, subsequently leading to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). MGO and MGO-derived AGEs can impact on organs and tissues affecting their functions and structure. In this review we summarize the formation of MGO, the detoxification of MGO by the glyoxalase system, and the biochemical pathways through which MGO is linked to the development of diabetes, vascular complications of diabetes, and other age-related diseases. Although interventions to treat MGO-associated complications are not yet available in the clinical setting, several strategies to lower MGO have been developed over the years. We will summarize several new directions to target MGO stress including glyoxalase inducers and MGO scavengers. Targeting MGO burden may provide new therapeutic applications to mitigate diseases in which MGO plays a crucial role.

AGE-Induced Suppression of EZH2 Mediates Injury of Podocytes by Reducing H3K27me3

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 676-692
Author(s):  
Marita Liebisch ◽  
Gunter Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Metabolic Memory ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Podocyte Injury ◽  
Histone 3 ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Ezh2 Expression ◽  
Glycation End Products

Background: Chronic hyperglycemia, a pivotal feature of diabetes mellitus (DM), initiates the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms, which may cause injury to renal podocytes, a central feature of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Previous data of our group showed that AGEs significantly reduce the expression of NIPP1 (nuclear inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1) in podocytes in vitro as well as in human and murine DKD. NIPP1 was shown by others to interact with enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), which catalyzes the repressive methylation of H3K27me3 on histone 3. Therefore, we hypothesized that AGEs can directly induce epigenetic changes in podocytes. Methods: We analyzed the relevance of AGEs on EZH2 expression and activity in a murine podocyte cell line. Cells were treated with 5 mg/mL glycated BSA for 24 h. To determine the meaning of EZH2 suppression, EZH2 activity was inhibited by incubating the cells with the pharmacological methyltransferase inhibitor 3-deazaneplanocin A; EZH2 expression was repressed with siRNA. mRNA expression was analyzed with real-time PCR, and protein expression with Western blot. EZH2 expression and level of H3K27 trimethylation in podocytes of diabetic db/db mice, a mouse model for type 2 DM, were analyzed using immunofluorescence. Results: Our data demonstrated that AGEs decrease EZH2 expression in podocytes and consequently reduce H3K27me3. This suppression of EZH2 mimicked the AGE effects and caused an upregulated expression of pathological factors that contribute to podocyte injury in DKD. In addition, analyses of db/db mice showed significantly reduced H3K27me3 and EZH2 expression in podocytes. Moreover, the suppression of NIPP1 and EZH2 showed similar effects regarding podocyte injury. Conclusions: Our studies provide a novel pathway how AGEs contribute to podocyte injury and the formation of the so-called metabolic memory in DKD.

scholarly journals RAGE Mediates Cholesterol Efflux Impairment in Macrophages Caused by Human Advanced Glycated Albumin

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7265
Author(s):  
Adriana Machado-Lima ◽  
Raquel López-Díez ◽  
Rodrigo Tallada Iborra ◽  
Raphael de Souza Pinto ◽  
Gurdip Daffu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Glycated Albumin ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Intracellular Lipid ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Cellular Cholesterol Efflux

We addressed the involvement of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in the impairment of the cellular cholesterol efflux elicited by glycated albumin. Albumin was isolated from type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2) diabetes mellitus (HbA1c > 9%) and non-DM subjects (C). Moreover, albumin was glycated in vitro (AGE-albumin). Macrophages from Ager null and wild-type (WT) mice, or THP-1 transfected with siRNA-AGER, were treated with C, DM1, DM2, non-glycated or AGE-albumin. The cholesterol efflux was reduced in WT cells exposed to DM1 or DM2 albumin as compared to C, and the intracellular lipid content was increased. These events were not observed in Ager null cells, in which the cholesterol efflux and lipid staining were, respectively, higher and lower when compared to WT cells. In WT, Ager, Nox4 and Nfkb1, mRNA increased and Scd1 and Abcg1 diminished after treatment with DM1 and DM2 albumin. In Ager null cells treated with DM-albumin, Nox4, Scd1 and Nfkb1 were reduced and Jak2 and Abcg1 increased. In AGER-silenced THP-1, NOX4 and SCD1 mRNA were reduced and JAK2 and ABCG1 were increased even after treatment with AGE or DM-albumin. RAGE mediates the deleterious effects of AGE-albumin in macrophage cholesterol efflux.

Extrusion of apple pomace increases antioxidant activity upon in vitro digestion

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 951-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Liu ◽  
Danyang Ying ◽  
Baoyan Guo ◽  
Li Jiang Cheng ◽  
Bruce May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
High Fibre

Apple pomace, a by-product of juice production, is a high-fibre, high-polyphenol functional food ingredient.

scholarly journals Alterations in alveolar basement membranes during postnatal lung growth.

1982 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Brody ◽  
C A Vaccaro ◽  
P J Gill ◽  
J E Silbert
Keyword(s):  
Heparan Sulfate ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Alveolar Type ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Enzyme Degradation ◽  
Alveolar Formation

We studied the ultrastructural characteristics of alveolar basement membranes (ABM) and capillary basement membranes (CBM) in rat lungs at birth, at 8-10 d of age, during alveolar formation, and at 6-10 wk of age, after most alveoli have formed. We also measured in vitro lung proteoglycan and heparan sulfate synthesis at each age. We noted three major age-related changes in pulmonary basement membranes. (a) Discontinuities in the ABM through which basilar cytoplasmic foot processes extend are present beneath alveolar type-2 cells but not alveolar type-1 cells. These discontinuities are most prevalent at birth but also exist in the adult. (b) Discontinuities are also present in CBM at the two earliest time points but are maximal at 8 d of age rather than at birth. Fusions between ABM and CBM are often absent at 8 d of age, but CBM and CBM/ABM fusions were complete in the adult. (c) Heparan sulfate proteoglycans identified with ruthenium red and selective enzyme degradation are distributed equally on epithelial and interstitial sides of the ABM lamina densa at birth, but decrease on the interstitial side with age. In vitro proteoglycan and heparan sulfate accumulation at birth was two times that at 8 d and five times that in the adult. Discontinuities in ABM allow epithelial-mesenchymal interactions that may influence type-2 cells cytodifferentiation. Discontinuities in CBM suggest that capillary proliferation and neovascularization are associated with alveolar formation at 8 d. When CBM becomes complete and forms junctions with ABM, lung neovascularization likely ends as does the ability to form new alveoli.

scholarly journals Bioaccesibility, Metabolism, and Excretion of Lipids Composing Spent Coffee Grounds

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaia Iriondo-DeHond ◽  
Fresia Santillan Cornejo ◽  
Beatriz Fernandez-Gomez ◽  
Gema Vera ◽  
Eduardo Guisantes-Batan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Total Fat

The bioaccessibility, metabolism, and excretion of lipids composing spent coffee grounds (SCGs) were investigated. An analysis of mycotoxins and an acute toxicity study in rats were performed for safety evaluation. Total fat, fatty acids, and diterpenes (cafestol and kahweol) were determined in SCGs and their digests obtained in vitro. A pilot repeated intake study was carried out in Wistar rats using a dose of 1 g SCGs/kg b.w. for 28 days. Fat metabolism was evaluated by analysis of total fat, cholesterol, and histology in liver. The dietary fiber effect of SCGs was measured radiographically. The absence of mycotoxins and toxicity was reported in SCGs. A total of 77% of unsaturated fatty acids and low amounts of kahweol (7.09 µg/g) and cafestol (414.39 µg/g) were bioaccessible after in vitro digestion. A significantly lower (p < 0.1) accumulation of lipids in the liver and a higher excretion of these in feces was found in rats treated with SCGs for 28 days. No lipid droplets or liver damage were observed by histology. SCGs acutely accelerated intestinal motility in rats. SCGs might be considered a sustainable, safe, and healthy food ingredient with potential for preventing hepatic steatosis due to their effect as dietary fiber with a high fat-holding capacity.

scholarly journals Metformin extends C. elegans lifespan through lysosomal pathway

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Yuhui Ou ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Shumei Hu ◽  
Li-Wa Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ampk Activation ◽  
First Line ◽  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Age Related ◽  
In Vitro Reconstitution ◽  
Line Drug ◽  
Extension Effect

Metformin, a widely used first-line drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D), has been shown to extend lifespan and delay the onset of age-related diseases. However, its primary locus of action remains unclear. Using a pure in vitro reconstitution system, we demonstrate that metformin acts through the v-ATPase-Ragulator lysosomal pathway to coordinate mTORC1 and AMPK, two hubs governing metabolic programs. We further show in Caenorhabditis elegans that both v-ATPase-mediated TORC1 inhibition and v-ATPase-AXIN/LKB1-mediated AMPK activation contribute to the lifespan extension effect of metformin. Elucidating the molecular mechanism of metformin regulated healthspan extension will boost its therapeutic application in the treatment of human aging and age-related diseases.

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