scholarly journals Influence of Altitude on Phytochemical Composition of Hemp Inflorescence: A Metabolomic Approach

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Giupponi ◽  
Valeria Leoni ◽  
Radmila Pavlovic ◽  
Annamaria Giorgi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Analytical Strategy ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Cannabidiolic Acid ◽  
Q Exactive ◽  
Industrial Hemp ◽  
Targeted Approach ◽  
Metabolomic Approach

The phytochemical profiling of hemp inflorescences of clonal plants growing in different conditions related to altitude was investigated. Four strains of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L., family Cannabaceae) of Kompolti variety were selected and cloned to provide genetically uniform material for analyses of secondary metabolites (terpenes, cannabinoids, and flavonoids) at two different elevations: mountain (Alagna Valsesia 1200 m ASL) and plains (Vercelli Province 130 m ASL). Environmental conditions influenced by elevation have proven to be important factors inducing variations in hemp inflorescences’ secondary metabolite composition. In fact, all plants grown at altitude exhibited a higher total amount of terpenes when compared with plains counterparts, with β-Myrcene, trans-Caryophyllene and α-Humulene as the main contributors. A metabolomic, un-targeted approach performed by HPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap®-MS platform with subsequent data processing performed by Compound Discoverer™ software, was crucial for the appropriate recognition of many metabolites, clearly distinguishing mountain from plains specimens. Cannabidiolic acid CBDA was the most abundant phytocannabinoid, with significantly higher concentrations in the mountain samples. The metabolic pathway of CBGA (considered as the progenitor/precursor of all cannabinoids) was also activated towards the production of CBCA, which occurs in considerably 3 times higher quantities than in the clones grown at high altitude. Isoprenoid flavones (Cannaflavins A, B, and C) were correspondingly upregulated in mountain samples, while apigenin turned out to be more abundant in plains samples. The possibility to use hemp inflorescences in pharmaceutical/nutraceutical applications opens new challenges to understand how hemp crops respond in terms of secondary metabolite production in various environments. In this regard, our results with the applied analytical strategy may constitute an effective way of phytochemical profiling hemp inflorescences.

scholarly journals (‒)-Cannabidiolic Acid, a Still Overlooked Bioactive Compound: An Introductory Review and Preliminary Research

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marialuisa Formato ◽  
Giuseppina Crescente ◽  
Monica Scognamiglio ◽  
Antonio Fiorentino ◽  
Maria Tommasina Pecoraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Cannabidiolic Acid ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Preliminary Research ◽  
Industrial Hemp ◽  
Inexpensive Procedure ◽  
Introductory Review

Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) is the main phytocannabinoid in fiber and seed-oil hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants, but its potential health-related capabilities have been masked for years by a greater scientific interest towards its neutral derivative cannabidiol (CBD). This review aims to collect from the literature and critically discuss all the information about this molecule, starting from its biosynthesis, and focusing on its bioactivity, as an anti-inflammatory, anti-emetic, anti-convulsant, and anti-cancerogenic drug. Furthermore, in the awareness that, despite its multiple bioactive effects, currently poor efforts have been made to achieve its reliable purification, herein, we propose a relatively simple, fast, and inexpensive procedure for its recovery from pollen of industrial hemp cultivars. Spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques allowed us to unequivocally identify pure isolated CBDA and to distinguish it from the constitutional isomer tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA-A).

scholarly journals Highly Predictive Genetic Markers Distinguish Drug-Type from Fiber-Type Cannabis sativa L

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidelia Cascini ◽  
Alessio Farcomeni ◽  
Daniele Migliorini ◽  
Laura Baldassarri ◽  
Ilaria Boschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Identification Process ◽  
Cannabidiolic Acid ◽  
Drug Type ◽  
Industrial Hemp

Genetic markers can be used in seeds and in plants to distinguish drug-type from fiber-type Cannabis Sativa L. varieties even at early stages, including pre-germination when cannabinoids are not accumulated yet. With this aim, this paper reports sequencing results for tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase (THCAS) and cannabidiolic acid synthase (CBDAS) genes from 21 C. sativa L. varieties. Taking into account that THCAS- and CBDAS-derived enzymes compete for the same substrate, the novelty of this work relies in the identification of markers based on both THCAS and CBDAS rather than THCAS alone. Notably, in our panel, we achieved an adequate degree of discrimination (AUC 100%) between drug-type and fiber-type cannabis samples. Our sequencing approach allowed identifying multiple genetic markers (single-nucleotide polymorphisms—SNPs—and a deletion/insertion) that effectively discriminate between the two subgroups of cannabis, namely fiber type vs. drug type. We identified four functional SNPs that are likely to induce decreased THCAS activity in the fiber-type cannabis plants. We also report the finding on a deletion in the CBDAS gene sequence that produces a truncated protein, possibly resulting in loss of function of the enzyme in the drug-type varieties. Chemical analyses for the actual concentration of cannabinoids confirmed the identification of drug-type rather than fiber-type genotypes. Genetic markers permit an early identification process for forensic applications while simplifying the procedures related to detection of therapeutic or industrial hemp.

scholarly journals The Past, Present and Future of Cannabis sativa Tissue Culture

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Adrian S. Monthony ◽  
Serena R. Page ◽  
Mohsen Hesami ◽  
Andrew Maxwell P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Drug Type

The recent legalization of Cannabis sativa L. in many regions has revealed a need for effective propagation and biotechnologies for the species. Micropropagation affords researchers and producers methods to rapidly propagate insect-/disease-/virus-free clonal plants and store germplasm and forms the basis for other biotechnologies. Despite this need, research in the area is limited due to the long history of prohibitions and restrictions. Existing literature has multiple limitations: many publications use hemp as a proxy for drug-type Cannabis when it is well established that there is significant genotype specificity; studies using drug-type cultivars are predominantly optimized using a single cultivar; most protocols have not been replicated by independent groups, and some attempts demonstrate a lack of reproducibility across genotypes. Due to culture decline and other problems, the multiplication phase of micropropagation (Stage 2) has not been fully developed in many reports. This review will provide a brief background on the history and botany of Cannabis as well as a comprehensive and critical summary of Cannabis tissue culture. Special attention will be paid to current challenges faced by researchers, the limitations of existing Cannabis micropropagation studies, and recent developments and future directions of Cannabis tissue culture technologies.

scholarly journals Assessing the treatment of cannabidiolic acid methyl ester: a stable synthetic analogue of cannabidiolic acid on c-Fos and NeuN expression in the hypothalamus of rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Murillo-Rodríguez ◽  
Diana Millán-Aldaco ◽  
Gloria Arankowsky-Sandoval ◽  
Tetsuya Yamamoto ◽  
Roger G. Pertwee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Synthetic Analogue ◽  
Neuronal Nuclei ◽  
Cannabidiolic Acid ◽  
Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Psychotropic Compound

Abstract Background Cannabidiol (CBD), the non-psychotropic compound from Cannabis sativa, shows positive results on controlling several health disturbances; however, comparable data regarding additional chemical from C. sativa, such as cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), is scarce due to its instability. To address this limitation, a stable CBDA analogue, CBDA methyl ester (HU-580), was synthetized and showed CBDA-like effects. Recently, we described that HU-580 increased wakefulness and wake-related neurochemicals. Objective To extend the comprehension of HU-580´s properties on waking, the c-Fos and NeuN expression in a wake-linked brain area, the hypothalamus was evaluated. Methods c-Fos and NeuN expression in hypothalamic sections were analyzed after the injections of HU-580 (0.1 or 100 μg/kg, i.p.). Results Systemic administrations of HU-580 increased c-Fos and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) expression in hypothalamic nuclei, including the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus dorsal part, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus compact part, and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus ventral part. Conclusion HU-580 increased c-Fos and NeuN immunoreactivity in hypothalamus nuclei suggesting that this drug might modulate the sleep–wake cycle by engaging the hypothalamus.

From residue to resource: The multifaceted environmental and bioeconomy potential of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 105864
Author(s):  
Carlo Moscariello ◽  
Silvio Matassa ◽  
Giovanni Esposito ◽  
Stefano Papirio
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Industrial Hemp

Evaluating herbicide tolerance of industrial hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.)

Crop Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 419-427
Author(s):  
Michael L. Flessner ◽  
Jabari Bryd ◽  
Kevin W. Bamber ◽  
John H. Fike
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Industrial Hemp

scholarly journals The Influence of Different Seeding Space and Organic Fertilization Level Upon Production and Mass of 1000 Seeds, Recorded in Some Hemp Varieties

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Adriana Iuliana DAN ◽  
Marcel M. DUDA ◽  
Cristina MOLDOVAN ◽  
Teodora FLORIAN
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Fertilization Level ◽  
Industrial Hemp ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractHemp (Cannabis sativa L.) was used for textile and cordage more than 4000 years. The cultivation of industrial hemp declined in the 19th century but it remains one of the oldest crops in history. Despite of the decline, nowadays interest for this crop has recently been renewed within various European countries (Roman et al., 2012). The aim of the research is to observe the evolution of production values and physical parameters (MMB- grain) under the influence of different seeding space and organic fertilization level recorded in some hemp varieties approved in Romania, with a low level of THC.

Effect of hot air and infrared drying on the retention of cannabidiol and terpenes in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 114051
Author(s):  
Chang Chen ◽  
Ivan Wongso ◽  
Daniel Putnam ◽  
Ragab Khir ◽  
Zhongli Pan
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Infrared Drying ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Industrial Hemp

scholarly journals De novo transcriptome provides insights into the growth behaviour and resveratrol and trans-stilbenes biosynthesis in Dactylorhiza hatagirea - An endangered alpine terrestrial orchid of western Himalaya

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Dhiman ◽  
Nitesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Pooja Thapa ◽  
Isha Sharma ◽  
Mohit Kumar Swarnkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Terrestrial Orchid ◽  
Metabolite Synthesis

Abstract This is the first report on de novo transcriptome of Dactylorhiza hatagirea, a critically-endangered, terrestrial orchid of alpine Himalayas. The plant is acclaimed for medicinal properties but little is known about its secondary-metabolites profile or cues regulating their biosynthesis. De novo transcriptome analysis was therefore, undertaken to gain basic understanding on these aspects, while circumventing the acute limitation of plant material availability. 65,384 transcripts and finally, 37,371 unigenes were assembled de novo from a total of 236 million reads obtained from shoot, tuber and leaves of the plant. Dominance of differentially-expressing-genes (DEGs) related to cold-stress-response and plant-hormone-signal-transduction; and those involved in photosynthesis, sugar-metabolism and secondary-metabolite-synthesis provided insights into carbohydrate-partitioning in the plant during its preparation for freezing winter at natural habitat. DEGs of glucomannan, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, phylloquinone/naphthoquinones, indole alkaloids, resveratrol and stilbene biosynthesis revealed the secondary-metabolite profile of D. hatagirea. UHPLC results confirmed appreciable amounts of resveratrol and trans-stilbene in D. hatagirea tubers, for the first time. Expression analysis of 15 selected genes including those of phenylpropanoid pathway confirmed the validity of RNA-seq data. Opportunistic growth, temperature- and tissue-specific-differential-expression of secondary metabolite biosynthesis and stress tolerant genes were confirmed using clonal plants growing at 8, 15 and 25 °C.

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