scholarly journals Freeze Granulated Zeolites X and A for Biogas Upgrading

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1378
Author(s):  
Kritika Narang ◽  
Farid Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Co2 Separation ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Biogas Upgrading

Biogas is a potential renewable energy resource that can reduce the current energy dependency on fossil fuels. The major limitation of utilizing biogas fully in the various applications is the presence of a significant volume fraction of carbon dioxide in biogas. Here, we used adsorption-driven CO2 separation using the most prominent adsorbents, NaX (faujasite) and CaA (Linde Type A) zeolites. The NaX and CaA zeolites were structured into hierarchically porous granules using a low-cost freeze granulation technique to achieve better mass transfer kinetics. The freeze granulation processing parameters and the rheological properties of suspensions were optimized to obtain homogenous granules of NaX and CaA zeolites 2–3 mm in diameter with macroporosity of 77.9% and 68.6%, respectively. The NaX and CaA granules kept their individual morphologies, crystallinities with a CO2 uptake of 5.8 mmol/g and 4 mmol/g, respectively. The CO2 separation performance and the kinetic behavior were estimated by breakthrough experiments, where the NaX zeolite showed a 16% higher CO2 uptake rate than CaA granules with a high mass transfer coefficient, 1.3 m/s, compared to commercial granules, suggesting that freeze-granulated zeolites could be used to improve adsorption kinetics and reduce cycle time for biogas upgrading in the adsorption swing technology.

scholarly journals Experimental Studies on an Inclined Collector Divergent Chimney Pilot Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 850 (1) ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
N Rajamurugu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Solar Chimney ◽  
Energy Agency

Abstract Renewable energy sources become suitable valid options to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels or petroleum products. The International Renewable Energy Agency reports that the world will harvest 40% of energy from renewable energy sources by 2030. Conventional technologies such as solar PV technology, consumes higher capital per unit (kWh) of electricity generation cost significantly higher than the traditional sources. Hence, solar chimney power generation system can be suitable option for generating low cost energy. Solar chimneys are developed and tested by different researchers in enhancing the performance of the system. Studies on the geometric modifications of the collector, and chimney are limited. The aim of this paper is to analyse the experimental data obtained from a divergent solar chimney. Experimentation is carried under sunlight in an open atmosphere. The airflow rates in the chimneys are tested under different collector outlet height. The experimental results showed that a chimney with higher collector openings was performed well than other models. The computational analysis is also carried out using ANSYS Fluent software package which shows that the collector opening of 2.5m is recommended for higher high mass flow rate and system efficiency.

Bioco2, a New Danish Funded Project for Improved Low Cost Biogas Upgrading and Pure Co2 Production

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randi Neerup ◽  
Susana Almeida ◽  
Kay Thomsen ◽  
Rasmus Find ◽  
Niels Z. R. Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Biogas Upgrading ◽  
Funded Project

scholarly journals Design of Low-Cost and High-Strength Titanium Alloys Using Pseudo-Spinodal Mechanism through Diffusion Couple Technology and CALPHAD

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2910
Author(s):  
Chaoyi Ding ◽  
Chun Liu ◽  
Ligang Zhang ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Libin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Couple ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Cr System

The high cost of development and raw materials have been obstacles to the widespread use of titanium alloys. In the present study, the high-throughput experimental method of diffusion couple combined with CALPHAD calculation was used to design and prepare the low-cost and high-strength Ti-Al-Cr system titanium alloy. The results showed that ultra-fine α phase was obtained in Ti-6Al-10.9Cr alloy designed through the pseudo-spinodal mechanism, and it has a high yield strength of 1437 ± 7 MPa. Furthermore, application of the 3D strength model of Ti-6Al-xCr alloy showed that the strength of the alloy depended on the volume fraction and thickness of the α phase. The large number of α/β interfaces produced by ultra-fine α phase greatly improved the strength of the alloy but limited its ductility. Thus, we have demonstrated that the pseudo-spinodal mechanism combined with high-throughput diffusion couple technology and CALPHAD was an efficient method to design low-cost and high-strength titanium alloys.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Polymer-Inorganic Mixed Matrix Membranes for CO2 Separation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2539
Author(s):  
Sipei Li ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Dana A. Wong ◽  
John Yang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Sieves ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽  
Co2 Separation ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Mixed Matrix ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Matrix Membranes

Since the second industrial revolution, the use of fossil fuels has been powering the advance of human society. However, the surge in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has raised unsettling concerns about global warming and its consequences. Membrane separation technologies have emerged as one of the major carbon reduction approaches because they are less energy-intensive and more environmentally friendly compared to other separation techniques. Compared to pure polymeric membranes, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) that encompass both a polymeric matrix and molecular sieving fillers have received tremendous attention, as they have the potential to combine the advantages of both polymers and molecular sieves, while cancelling out each other’s drawbacks. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in the development of MMMs for CO2 separation. We will discuss general mechanisms of CO2 separation in an MMM, and then compare the performances of MMMs that are based on zeolite, MOF, metal oxide nanoparticles and nanocarbons, with an emphasis on the materials’ preparation methods and their chemistries. As the field is advancing fast, we will particularly focus on examples from the last 5 years, in order to provide the most up-to-date overview in this area.

scholarly journals Optimization of Mordenite Membranes Using Sucrose Precursor for Pervaporation of Water-Ethanol Mixtures

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz A. Alomair ◽  
Yousef Alqaheem
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Selective Adsorption ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Carbon Membranes ◽  
Adsorption Of Water ◽  
High Separation

Post-treated mordenite membranes were prepared using sucrose (C12H22O11) as a carbon precursor to block any pinholes and defects in the zeolite layer. The pervaporation (PV) process was used to separate ethanol from the water. The effects of the sucrose concentration and the pyrolysis temperature (650–850 °C) were investigated, and the resulting high separation performance compared to those post/pre-treated membranes was reported in the literature. In this study, mordenite carbon membranes yielded a water/ethanol separation factor of 990.37 at a water flux of 9.10 g/m2h. The influence of the operating temperature on the performance of the membrane also was considered. It was concluded that the selective adsorption of water through zeolite pores was achieved. The entire preparation procedure was achieved using a rapid, low-cost preparation process.

scholarly journals The use of solar energy for the curing of ferrogeopolymer elements in the semiarid region

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 01031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partogi H Simatupang ◽  
Petrus Lubalu ◽  
Herry L Sianturi ◽  
Wilhelmus Bunganaen
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Collector System ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Wire Meshes ◽  
Potential Use

Kupang City in Timor Island of Indonesia, as a semiarid area, has abundant solar energy sources. Based on climatology data of Kupang City in 2013-2015, the minimum and maximum average temperatures in Kupang City range from 19.3-34.8oC. Besides, dry seasons last for about 8 months (April-November). This abundance of solar energy is a potential energy resource for the manufacturing of environmentally friendly ferrogeopolymer elements. Based on previous research, the production of geopolymer material can be done optimally with dry curing treatment at 60-80oC for less than 48 hours. Therefore, in this paper, a low-cost, energy efficient oven operated by a solar energy collector was developed. This paper describes a feasibility study of the use of solar energy for curing ferro-geopolymer elements. The ferro-geopolymer elements made were beams with length 600 mm, width 100 mm and height 100 mm. Wire meshes with 6x6mm of opening were used in 5 layers. The solar energy collector system used as an oven was a zinc coated drum which was painted black outwardly and was covered by a glass plate. Using this oven, it was possible to increase the ambient temperature by 1.62 to 2,37 times. Furthermore, this oven can also increase the flexure strength of ferrogeopolymer elements about ± 25.34%. This paper shows good potential use of solar energy in the manufacturing of ferro-geopolymer elements in the semiarid region.

Joining between Ceramics and Metal in Composite Pipes Fabricated by the SHS Metallurgical Process

2007 ◽  
Vol 280-283 ◽  
pp. 887-890
Author(s):  
Zhong Min Zhao ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Jian Jiang Wang ◽  
Shi Yan ◽  
Jin Rong Cao
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metallurgical Process ◽  
Ni Powder ◽  
Suitable Amount ◽  
Composite Pipes

The design on joining of metal and ceramics in composite pipes fabricated by the SHS metallurgical process is carried on with adding (TiO2 +Al+C+Ni) subsystem in(CrO3+Al) system, and the composite pipes with three-layer structure of steel substrate, intermediate alloy and lined ceramics are fabricated with low cost and high performance. Combustion determination and mechanical test indicate that adding suitable amount of Ni powder in combustion system rather than (NiO+Al) subsystem can cause combustion behavior of a whole system and volume fraction of the carbides to be controlled easily, and is beneficial to improve joining of the intermediate alloy and steel substrate, causing compression strength and compression shear strength of the composite pipes to be increased greatly.

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