scholarly journals The Middle Lamella of Plant Fibers Used as Composite Reinforcement: Investigation by Atomic Force Microscopy

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Melelli ◽  
Olivier Arnould ◽  
Johnny Beaugrand ◽  
Alain Bourmaud
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Indentation Modulus ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Palm Leaf

Today, plant fibers are considered as an important new renewable resource that can compete with some synthetic fibers, such as glass, in fiber-reinforced composites. In previous works, it was noted that the pectin-enriched middle lamella (ML) is a weak point in the fiber bundles for plant fiber-reinforced composites. ML is strongly bonded to the primary walls of the cells to form a complex layer called the compound middle lamella (CML). In a composite, cracks preferentially propagate along and through this layer when a mechanical loading is applied. In this work, middle lamellae of several plant fibers of different origin (flax, hemp, jute, kenaf, nettle, and date palm leaf sheath), among the most used for composite reinforcement, are investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The peak-force quantitative nanomechanical property mapping (PF-QNM) mode is used in order to estimate the indentation modulus of this layer. AFM PF-QNM confirmed its potential and suitability to mechanically characterize and compare the stiffness of small areas at the micro and nanoscale level, such as plant cell walls and middle lamellae. Our results suggest that the mean indentation modulus of ML is in the range from 6 GPa (date palm leaf sheath) to 16 GPa (hemp), depending on the plant considered. Moreover, local cell-wall layer architectures were finely evidenced and described.

Hemp Fiber Reinforced Composites: Morphological and Mechanical Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Xing Mei Guo ◽  
Yi Ping Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Reinforcing Fillers

The use of natural plant fibers as reinforcing fillers in fiber-polymer composites has drawn much interest in recent years. Natural plant fibers as reinforcing fillers have several advantages over inorganic fillers such as glass fibers; they are abundant, readily available, renewable, inexpensive, biodegradable, of low density, and of high specific strength. Hemp fibers are one of the most attractive natural plant fibers for fiber-reinforced composites because of their exceptional specific stiffness. In this review, we summarize recent progress in developments of the hemp fiber reinforced composites such as hemp fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester (UPE), hemp fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP), hemp fiber reinforced epoxy composites, and so on, illustrate with examples how they work, and discuss their intrinsic fundamentals and optimization designs. We are expecting the review to pave the way for developing fiber-polymer composites with higher strength.

Material Property Characterization of Costal Cartilage Using AFM Indentation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tripathy ◽  
E. J. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Material Characterization ◽  
Costal Cartilage ◽  
Indentation Modulus ◽  
Hertz Contact ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Afm Indentation ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Property Characterization

Costal cartilage is one of the load bearing tissues of the rib cage. Literature on the material characterization of the costal cartilage is limited. Atomic force microscopy has been extremely successful in characterizing the elastic properties of articular cartilage, but no studies have been published on costal cartilage. In this study AFM indentations on human costal cartilage were performed and compared with macro scale indentation data. Spherical beaded tips of three sizes were used for the AFM indentations. The Hertz contact model for spherical indenter was used to analyze the data and obtain the Young’s modulus. The costal cartilage was found to be almost linearly elastic till 600 nm of indentation depth. It was also found that the modulus values decreased with the distance from the junction. The modulus values from macro indentations were found to be 2-fold larger than the AFM indentation modulus.

Biocomposites - State of the Art

2014 ◽  
Vol 657 ◽  
pp. 397-401
Author(s):  
Dragos Hodorogea
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Plant Fibers

Due to ecological and sustainability constraints, in late years we see great achievements in green technology in the field of materials science. The development of high-performance biocomposites (made from natural resources) is increasing worldwide. The challenge in working with natural fiber reinforced composites is the large spectrum of possibilities for making them.Biocomposites properties are influenced by a number of variables, including the fiber type, environmental conditions (where the plant fibers are sourced), processing methods, and any modification of the fiber. It is well known that recently exists a large interest in the industrial applications of composites containing biofibers reinforced with biopolymers. The characteristics of reinforcing fibers used in biocomposites, including source, type, structure, composition, as well as mechanical properties, will be reviewed. The variety of biocomposite processing techniques as well as the factors (moisture content, fiber type and content, coupling agents and their influence on composites properties) affecting these processes will be discussed.Techniques for processing the natural fiber reinforced composites will be discussed based on thermoplastic matrices (compression molding, extrusion, injection molding, and thermoforming), and thermosets (resin transfermolding, sheet molding compound). Their influence on mechanical performance (tensile, flexural and impact properties) will be evaluated. Finally, the work will conclude with recent developments and future trends of biocomposites.

Mechanical imaging of bamboo fiber cell walls and their composites by means of peakforce quantitative nanomechanics (PQNM) technique

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 975-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Ren ◽  
Hankun Wang ◽  
Zixuan Yu ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Yan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Maleated Polypropylene ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Bamboo Fibers

Abstract The mechanical properties of cell wall layers of bamboo fibers (BFs) and the interphase between BFs and maleated polypropylene polymer (MAPP) were investigated by means of peakforce quantitative nanomechanics based on atomic force microscopy. This technique is well suited for simultaneous imaging of several important material indicators, such as elastic modulus, deformation at peak force, and adhesion force between probe tip and sample. Furthermore, quantitative local mechanical information could be extracted from the obtained images by means of profile analysis. In case of BFs, the elastic modulus of the secondary cell wall and the compound middle lamella was found to be 21.3±2.9 GPa and 14.4±3.6 GPa, respectively, which agrees well with data measured by the nanoindentation technique. Additionally, this technique was also applied for bamboo plastic composites, and data from the transitional zone (interphase) between BFs and the MAPP matrix, with a thickness of 102±18 nm, could be obtained.

Indentation modulus and hardness of viscoelastic thin films by atomic force microscopy: A case study

2009 ◽  
Vol 109 (12) ◽  
pp. 1417-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Passeri ◽  
A. Bettucci ◽  
A. Biagioni ◽  
M. Rossi ◽  
A. Alippi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Indentation Modulus ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on Indentation Modulus

2007 ◽  
Vol 1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Mook ◽  
W. W. Gerberich
Keyword(s):  
High Pressures ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Indentation Modulus ◽  
Instrumented Indentation ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Unloading Stiffness ◽  
Murnaghan Equation ◽  
Maximum Contact ◽  
Effect Of Hydrostatic Pressure

AbstractThe high pressures generated at a contact during nanoindentation have a quantifiable effect on the measured indentation modulus. This effect can be accounted for by invoking a Murnaghan equation of state-based analysis where the measured indentation modulus is a function of the hydrostatic component of the stress state which is generated beneath the indenter tip. This approach has implications pertinent to a range of mechanical characterization techniques that include instrumented indentation and quantitative atomic force microscopy (AFM) since these techniques traditionally consider only zero-pressure modulus values during data interpretation. To demonstrate the validity of this approach, the indentation modulus of four materials (fused quartz, sapphire, rutile and silicon) is evaluated using a 1 μm radius conospherical diamond tip to maximum contact depths of 30 nm. The tip area function is independently determined via AFM while the unloading stiffness from the load-displacement data is determined using standard Oliver-Pharr analysis.

scholarly journals Investigations by AFM of Ageing Mechanisms in PLA-Flax Fibre Composites during Garden Composting

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2225
Author(s):  
Alessia Melelli ◽  
Delphin Pantaloni ◽  
Eric Balnois ◽  
Olivier Arnould ◽  
Frédéric Jamme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Indentation Modulus ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
The Core ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Fibre Composites ◽  
Major Variable

PLA-flax non-woven composites are promising materials, coupling high performance and possible degradation at their end of life. To explore their ageing mechanisms during garden composting, microstructural investigations were carried out through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We observe that flax fibres preferentially degrade ‘inwards’ from the edge to the core of the composite. In addition, progressive erosion of the cell walls occurs within the fibres themselves, ‘outwards’ from the central lumen to the periphery primary wall. This preferential degradation is reflected in the decrease in indentation modulus from around 23 GPa for fibres located in the preserved core of the composite to 3–4 GPa for the remaining outer-most cell wall crowns located at the edge of the sample that is in contact with the compost. Ageing of the PLA matrix is less drastic with a relatively stable indentation modulus. Nevertheless, a change in the PLA morphology, a significant decrease in its roughness and increase of porosity, can be observed towards the edge of the sample, in comparison to the core. This work highlights the important role of intrinsic fibre porosity, called lumen, which is suspected to be a major variable of the compost ageing process, providing pathways of entry for moisture and microorganisms that are involved in cell wall degradation.

Plant Fiber Reinforced Composites and their Applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 24-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Plant Fiber ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
High Specific Strength

Plant fibers are promising reinforcements for use in composite materials due to the low cost, high specific strength and modulus, easy availability, especially the renewability and environmental friendly characteristics. Natural fiber reinforced composites (NFRCs) have raised great attentions and interests from both the academic and industry in recent years.

Surface treatments of plant fibers and their effects on mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composites: A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Latif ◽  
Saif Wakeel ◽  
Noor Zaman Khan ◽  
Arshad Noor Siddiquee ◽  
Shyam Lal Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Specific Strength

The need of natural fiber-reinforced composites is increasing at very fast rate because of their ecofriendly production, decomposition, high specific strength, abundance, good physical and mechanical properties. Available literature reveals that past researchers have done a lot of work for the preparation and characterization of fiber-reinforced composites. While developing natural fiber composites, researchers encountered various problems like hydrophilic nature of natural fibers, incompatibility of natural fibers with matrix materials, thermal instability of natural fibers, and poor interfacial bonding between reinforcing phase and matrix phase. However, some of these problems can be solved to a greater extent by considering surface treatment of natural fibers before they are used in the preparation of fiber-reinforced composites. Thus, there is a need for understanding the effect of several surface treatments on the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composites. The aim of this paper is to put forth a comprehensive review on the effects of different surface treatments on the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength and also interfacial shear strength of the fiber-reinforced composites.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document