scholarly journals Pharmacological Overview of the BGP-15 Chemical Agent as a New Drug Candidate for the Treatment of Symptoms of Metabolic Syndrome

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Ágota Pető ◽  
Dóra Kósa ◽  
Pálma Fehér ◽  
Zoltán Ujhelyi ◽  
Dávid Sinka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Parp Inhibitor ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Membrane Domains ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Insulin Sensitizer ◽  
Beneficial Effects

BGP-15 is a new insulin sensitizer drug candidate, which was developed by Hungarian researchers. In recent years, numerous research groups have studied its beneficial effects. It is effective in the treatment of insulin resistance and it has protective effects in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, diastolic dysfunction, tachycardia, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation, and it can alleviate cardiotoxicity. BGP-15 exhibits chemoprotective properties in different cytostatic therapies, and has also proven to be photoprotective. It can additionally have advantageous effects in mitochondrial-stress-related diseases. Although the precise mechanism of the effect is still unknown to us, we know that the molecule is a PARP inhibitor, chaperone co-inducer, reduces ROS production, and is able to remodel the organization of cholesterol-rich membrane domains. In the following review, our aim was to summarize the investigated molecular mechanisms and pharmacological effects of this potential API. The main objective was to present the wide pharmacological potentials of this chemical agent.

Astaxanthin and Nrf2 signaling pathway: a novel target for new therapeutic approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Ashrafizadeh ◽  
Zahra Ahmadi ◽  
Habib Yaribeygi ◽  
Thozhukat Sathyapalan ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Nrf2 Signaling Pathway

: Astaxanthin (AST) is a naturally occurring compound isolated from various sources such as fungi, plants, salmon, and crab. However, Haematococcus Pluvialis, a green alga, is the primary source of this beta carotenoid compound. AST has several favourable biological and pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-diabetes, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective. Nevertheless, the exact molecular mechanisms of these protective effects of AST are unclear yet. The Nrf2 signaling pathway is one of the critical candidate signaling pathways that may be involved in these beneficial effects of AST. This signaling pathway is responsible for maintaining the redox balance in the physiologic state. Upon nuclear translocation, Nrf2 signaling activates antioxidant enzymes to reduce oxidative stress and protect cells against damage. In the current study, we have reviewed the effects of AST on the Nrf2 signaling pathway, which could potentially be developed as a novel therapeutic approach for the management of various diseases.

scholarly journals Anti-Cancer and Protective Effects of Royal Jelly for Therapy-Induced Toxicities in Malignancies

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyoshi Miyata ◽  
Hideki Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Glandular Secretion ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The Future ◽  
Queen Honeybee

Royal jelly (RJ) is a glandular secretion produced by worker honeybees and is a special food for the queen honeybee. It results in a significant prolongation of the lifespan of the queen honeybee compared with the worker honeybees through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activities. Consequently, RJ is used as cosmetic and dietary supplement throughout the world. In addition, in vitro studies and animal experiments have demonstrated that RJ inhibits cell proliferation and stimulates apoptosis in various types of malignant cells and affects the production of various chemokines, anti-oxidants and growth factors and the expression of cancer-related molecules in patients with malignancies, especially in patients treated with anti-cancer agents. Therefore, RJ is thought to exert anti-cancer effects on tumor growth and exhibit protective functions against drug-induced toxicities. RJ has also been demonstrated to be useful for suppression of adverse events, the maintenance of the quality of life during treatment and the improvement of prognosis in animal models and patients with malignancies. To understand the mechanisms of the beneficial effects of RJ, knowledge of the changes induced at the molecular level by RJ with respect to cell survival, inflammation, oxidative stress and other cancer-related factors is essential. In addition, the effects of combination therapies of RJ and other anti-cancer agents or natural compounds are important to determine the future direction of RJ-based treatment strategies. Therefore, in this review, we have covered the following five issues: (1) the anti-cancer effects of RJ and its main component, 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid; (2) the protective effects of RJ against anti-cancer agent-induced toxicities; (3) the molecular mechanisms of such beneficial effects of RJ; (4) the safety and toxicity of RJ; and (5) the future directions of RJ-based treatment strategies, with a discussion on the limitations of the study of the biological activities of RJ.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Aspects of Cannabinoid Compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Neuroprotective Agents ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cannabinoid Compounds ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Effective Use

The accumulation of reliable data on the effects of cannabinoids is essential for understanding their possible beneficial effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Investigating individual substances along with the action of different combinations may show new possibilities for cannabinoids as neuroprotective agents. The data collected so far reveals the complexity of the mechanism of cannabinoids action on CNS, and even more complex and poorly understood are the effects when combined. Moreover, combining cannabinoids with different drugs and chemicals may lead to a decrease in beneficial effects. These characteristics of their action emphasize the complexity of the molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection and the lack of reliable information that may contribute to the safe and effective use of cannabinoids as medicines with valuable neuroprotective properties. The current brief review summarizes present data related to the protective effects of some cannabinoids on CNS and possible mechanisms involved in cannabinoid-mediated neuroprotection.

scholarly journals Resveratrol-Induced Signal Transduction in Wound Healing

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12614
Author(s):  
Anna-Lisa Pignet ◽  
Marlies Schellnegger ◽  
Andrzej Hecker ◽  
Michael Kohlhauser ◽  
Petra Kotzbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Accelerate Wound Healing ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Systemic Side Effects

Resveratrol is a well-known polyphenol that harbors various health benefits. Besides its well-known anti-oxidative potential, resveratrol exerts anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and cell-protective effects. It seems to be a promising adjuvant for various medical indications, such as cancer, vascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, resveratrol was shown to display beneficial effects on the human skin. The polyphenol is discussed to be a feasible treatment approach to accelerate wound healing and prevent the development of chronic wounds without the drawback of systemic side effects. Despite resveratrol’s increasing popularity, its molecular mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. To take full advantage of resveratrol’s therapeutic potential, a profound knowledge of its interactions with its targets is needed. Therefore, this review highlights the resveratrol-induced molecular pathways with particular focus on the most relevant variables in wound healing, namely inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy, collagen proliferation and angiogenesis.

scholarly journals A Role of Ginseng and Its Constituents in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasya Trivena Rokot ◽  
Timothy Sean Kairupan ◽  
Kai-Chun Cheng ◽  
Joshua Runtuwene ◽  
Nova Hellen Kapantow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Intestinal Metabolism ◽  
Traditional Herbal Medicine ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Enhanced Properties

Ginseng, a perennial plant belonging to thePanaxgenus of the Araliaceae family, has been used in China, Korea, and Japan as a traditional herbal medicine for thousands of years. Ginseng is recorded to have exhibited a wide variety of beneficial pharmacological effects and has become a popular and worldwide known health supplement and drug. The protective effects of ginseng on central nervous system are discussed in this review. Ginseng species and ginsenosides and their intestinal metabolism and bioavailability are concisely introduced. The molecular mechanisms of the effects of ginseng on central nervous system, mainly focused on the neuroprotection properties of ginseng, memory, and learning enhanced properties, and the effects on neurodegenerative disorders are presented. Thus, ginseng and its constituents are of potential merits in the treatment of cerebral disorders.

scholarly journals The stress-inducible peroxidase TSA2 enables Chromosome IV duplication to be conditionally beneficial in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Linder ◽  
John P. Greco ◽  
Fabian Seidl ◽  
Takeshi Matsui ◽  
Ian M. Ehrenreich
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Mapping Strategy ◽  
Single Stress ◽  
Chromosomal Duplication ◽  
Inducible Gene

AbstractAlthough chromosomal duplications are often deleterious, in some cases they enhance cells’ abilities to tolerate specific genetic or environmental challenges. Identifying the genes that cause particular chromosomal duplications to confer these conditionally beneficial effects can improve our understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms that enable certain aneuploidies to persist in cell populations and contribute to disease and evolution. Here, we perform a screen for spontaneous mutations that improve the tolerance of haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae to hydrogen peroxide. Chromosome IV duplication is the most frequent mutation, as well as the only change in chromosomal copy number, seen in the screen. Using a genetic mapping strategy that involves systematically deleting segments of a duplicated chromosome, we show that the Chromosome IV duplication’s effect is largely due to the generation of a second copy of the stress-inducible cytoplasmic thioredoxin peroxidase TSA2. This finding is consistent with a growing literature indicating that the conditionally beneficial effects of chromosomal duplications tend to reflect the contributions of small numbers of genes that enhance tolerance to specific stresses when their copy number is increased.Article summaryChanges in karyotype play an important role in evolution and health. Although these aneuploidization events are usually deleterious, in some instances they show conditionally beneficial effects by enabling cells to tolerate specific mutations or environmental stresses. The mechanisms underlying these protective effects of aneuploidization are not fully understood. To provide insights into this problem, we identify and characterize a conditionally beneficial chromosomal duplication that makes haploid yeast more tolerant to oxidative stress. We determine that the effect of the chromosomal duplication on oxidative stress tolerance is largely explained by duplication of a single stress-inducible gene.

scholarly journals Sex differences in angiotensin II- and aldosterone-induced hypertension: the central protective effects of estrogen

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (5) ◽  
pp. R459-R463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baojian Xue ◽  
Alan Kim Johnson ◽  
Meredith Hay
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Female Sex Hormones ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Premenopausal women have lower blood pressure and a reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease compared with age-matched men. Similar sex differences have been seen across species and in multiple animal models of hypertension. While important progress over the last decade has been made in elucidating some of the mechanisms underlying these differences, there are still significant gaps in our knowledge. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for sex differences in hypertension will be important for developing sex-specific therapies targeted toward the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Female sex hormones, especially estrogen, have been demonstrated to modulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular function through actions not only on the kidney, heart, and vasculature, but also on the central nervous system (CNS). This review primarily focuses on the central regulatory actions of estrogen on brain nuclei involved in blood pressure regulation and the interactions between estrogen and the RAAS in the CNS by which estrogen plays an important protective role against the development of hypertension.

Vulpinic acid, a lichen metabolite, emerges as a potential drug candidate in the therapy of oxidative stress–related diseases, such as atherosclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 675-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Sahin ◽  
S Dabagoglu Psav ◽  
I Avan ◽  
M Candan ◽  
V Sahinturk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Stress Damage ◽  
Mtt Assays ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Vulpinic acid, a lichen compound, has been shown to have many beneficial effects and its medicinal value increases day by day. As in atherosclerosis, endothelial damage is the basis of many diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of vulpinic acid against oxidative stress damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in endothelial cells. In order to find the IC50 of H2O2 and the protective dose of vulpinic acid, methyl thiazolyldiphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays were performed. The amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by H2O2 and the protective effects of vulpinic acid against ROS were examined by fluorometric DCF-DA kit. The effects of H2O2 and vulpinic acid on actin filaments were determined by tetramethyl rhodamine (TRITC)-phalloidin fluorescence staining. Expression of Tie2 proteins was immunocytochemically analyzed in H2O2- and vulpinic acid-treated cells. After 24 h, the IC50 was found to be 215 μM in HUVECs treated with H2O2. The most effective dose of vulpinic acid against H2O2-associated damage was found to be 15 μM. Vulpinic acid pretreatment was shown to reduce H2O2-induced ROS production significantly ( p < 0.05). It was shown that 215 μM of H2O2 caused actin fragmentation, cell shrinkage, and decrease in actin florescence intensity while vulpinic acid protected the cells from these damages. It was found that Tie2 immunoreactivity was decreased in H2O2-treated groups and vulpinic acid pretreatment reduced the expression of this protein. In conclusion, vulpinic acid decreases H2O2-induced oxidative stress and oxidative stress–related damages in HUVECs. It may be drug candidate in the therapy of atherosclerosis.

Usefulness of Honey as an Adjunct in the Radiation Treatment for Head and Neck Cancer: Emphasis on Pharmacological and Mechanism/s of Actions.

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjeshwar S. Baliga ◽  
Suresh Rao ◽  
Sanath K. Hegde ◽  
Pratima Rao ◽  
Paul Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Radiation Induced

Background: In the treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC), ionizing radiation is an important modality in achieving curative objectives. However, the effective use of radiation is compromised by the side effects resulting from the damage to the adjacent normal tissue. Preclinical studies carried out in the recent past have shown that the age old dietary agent honey, which also possess myriad medicinal use is beneficial in mitigating diverse radiation-induced side effects like mucositis, xerostomia, fatigue, weight loss and to promote healing of refractory wounds. Objective: The objective of this memoir is to review the beneficial effects of honey in mitigating radiation-induced side effects in HNC and to emphasize on the underlying mechanism of action for the beneficial effects. Methods: Two authors searched Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for publications up to December 2019 to assess the ability of honey in reducing the severity of radiation-induced ill effects in the treatment of HNC. Subsequently, the adjunct pharmacological effects and mechanism/s responsible were also searched for and appropriately used to substantiate the underlying mechanism/s of action for the beneficial effects. Results: The existing data is suggestive that honey is beneficial in mitigating the radiation-induced mucositis, xerostomia, healing of recalcitrant wounds in radiation exposed regions and multiple pathways mediate the beneficial effects especially, free radical scavenging, antioxidant, wound healing, anticancer, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anabolic, anti-fatigue and anti-anaemic effects that add additional value to the use of honey as an adjunct in cancer therapy. Conclusion: For the first time this review addresses the underlying pharmacological effects related to the beneficial effects of honey in radiation-induced damage, and attempts at emphasizes the lacunae that need further studies for optimizing the use of honey as an adjunct in radiotherapy of HNC. The authors suggest that future studies should be directed at understanding the detail molecular mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects using validated cell culture and animal models of study. Large multi centric clinical trials with standardised honey is also needed to understand the clinical use of honey.

scholarly journals Pharmacology of Catechins in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury of the Heart

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1390
Author(s):  
Kristína Ferenczyová ◽  
Lucia Kindernay ◽  
Jana Vlkovičová ◽  
Barbora Kaločayová ◽  
Tomáš Rajtík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Large Animals

Catechins represent a group of polyphenols that possesses various beneficial effects in the cardiovascular system, including protective effects in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, a major pathophysiology associated with ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, as well as with cardioplegic arrest during heart surgery. In particular, catechin, (−)-epicatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have been reported to prevent cardiac myocytes from I/R-induced cell damage and I/R-associated molecular changes, finally, resulting in improved cell viability, reduced infarct size, and improved recovery of cardiac function after ischemic insult, which has been widely documented in experimental animal studies and cardiac-derived cell lines. Cardioprotective effects of catechins in I/R injury were mediated via multiple molecular mechanisms, including inhibition of apoptosis; activation of cardioprotective pathways, such as PI3K/Akt (RISK) pathway; and inhibition of stress-associated pathways, including JNK/p38-MAPK; preserving mitochondrial function; and/or modulating autophagy. Moreover, regulatory roles of several microRNAs, including miR-145, miR-384-5p, miR-30a, miR-92a, as well as lncRNA MIAT, were documented in effects of catechins in cardiac I/R. On the other hand, the majority of results come from cell-based experiments and healthy small animals, while studies in large animals and studies including comorbidities or co-medications are rare. Human studies are lacking completely. The dosages of compounds also vary in a broad scale, thus, pharmacological aspects of catechins usage in cardiac I/R are inconclusive so far. Therefore, the aim of this focused review is to summarize the most recent knowledge on the effects of catechins in cardiac I/R injury and bring deep insight into the molecular mechanisms involved and dosage-dependency of these effects, as well as to outline potential gaps for translation of catechin-based treatments into clinical practice.

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