scholarly journals The Effects of Biostimulants, Biofertilizers and Water-Stress on Nutritional Value and Chemical Composition of Two Spinach Genotypes (Spinacia oleracea L.)

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (24) ◽  
pp. 4494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Pereira ◽  
Maria Inês Dias ◽  
Spyridon A. Petropoulos ◽  
Sofia Plexida ◽  
Antonios Chrysargyris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Irrigation Regimes

In the present study, the effect of biostimulants application on the nutritional quality and bioactive properties of spinach cultivated in protected environment under water stress conditions was evaluated. For this purpose, four commercially available biostimulant products (Megafol (MEG), Aminovert (AM), Veramin Ca (V), Twin Antistress (TA), and two spinach genotypes (Fuji F1 and Viroflay) were tested under two irrigation regimes (normal irrigation (W+), and water-holding (W–). Fat and carbohydrates content was favored by water stress when Megafol (MEGW+) and Veramin (VW+) were applied on Fuji plants, while calorific value was also increased by MEGW+ treatment. In contrast, protein and ash content increased when AMW– and TAW+ were applied on Viroflay plants. Raffinose and glucose were the most abundant sugars, followed by sucrose and fructose, with the highest contents recorded for Fuji plants when AMW+ (fructose, glucose and total carbohydrates), CW– (sucrose), and TAW– (raffinose) treatments were applied. Regarding organic acids, oxalic and malic acid which had the highest contents for the TAW– (Viroflay plants) and AMW– (Fuji plants) treatments, respectively. α- and γ-tocopherol were the only isoforms detected with MEGW– and VW– inducing the biosynthesis of α-tocopherol, while AMW+ increased γ-tocopherol content in Fuji plants. The main fatty acids were α-linolenic and linoleic acids which were detected in the highest amounts in AMW–, AMW+, and TAW+ the former and in AMW–, VW–, and CW+ the latter. Regarding phenolic compounds content, peak 12 (5,3′,4′-Trihydroxy-3-methoxy-6:7-methylenedioxyflavone-4′-glucuronide) was the most abundant compound, especially in Viroflay plants under normal irrigation and no biostimulants added (CW–). The antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of the tested samples did not show promising results when compared with the positive controls, while a variable antibacterial activity was recorded depending on the tested biostimulant, irrigation regime and genotype. In conclusion, a variable effect of the tested biostimulants and irrigation regimes was observed on bioactive properties and chemical composition of both spinach genotypes which highlights the need for further research in order to make profound conclusions regarding the positive effects of biostimulants under water stress conditions.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Bioactive Properties of Purple French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as Affected by Water Deficit Irrigation and Biostimulants Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6869
Author(s):  
Ângela Fernandes ◽  
Sara Figueiredo ◽  
Tiane C. Finimundy ◽  
José Pinela ◽  
Nikolaos Tzortzakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Bioactive Properties

Biostimulants are a novel and eco-friendly agronomic tool with practical applications in alleviating negative effects of environmental stressors. The present work studied the effects of three biostimulant products (Nomoren (N), Twin-Antistress (TW), and X-Stress (XS)) under normal irrigation (W+) and water deficit irrigation conditions (W-) on the nutritional, chemical composition and bioactive properties of common bean fresh pods. A variable effect of biostimulants and water deficit irrigation was observed on nutritional value parameters, while fructose and sucrose were the main detected sugars, especially in NW+ and CW- treatments. Oxalic, malic, and citric acid were the main detected organic acids, while γ- and total tocopherol content was the highest in TWW+. (+)-Catechin and (-)-epicatechin were the most abundant phenolic compounds, especially in the NW- treatment. A variable antioxidant capacity was observed for the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and Oxidative Haemolysis assays (OxHLIA), while TWW+ extracts showed the best overall results against the tested fungi. In conclusion, the tested biostimulants had a positive effect on chemical composition and bioactivities of purple bean depending on the irrigation regime.

scholarly journals Potentiality of Some Egyptan Cotton Varieties under Drought Stress Conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
M. D. H. Dewdar
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

This study aimed to investigate the performance of three cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) genotypes as affected by drought stress at three irrigation regimes; 14 (S-0), 21(S-1) and 28 (S-2) days that were started after the first irrigation. To achieve this goal, a field experiment was conducted as split block design at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, El-Fayoum Univ. The results indicated that the irrigation regimes mean squares of combined data were highly significant for earliness traits, also as well as yield and yield components.  Most of fiber properties were not affected by water stress conditions. Significant differences were found among the non- stress (S-0) and the stress treatments (S-1 and S-2) for mean performances of the three earliness traits. Treatment S-2 led to significant decrease in yield and yield components compared to S-0. The results showed that Giza 85 variety gave the highest fiber length, fiber strength and was finer cultivars having the lower micronaire values. The interaction between genotypes and stress treatments was significant for most traits.G1,G2 and G3 cotton varieties  exhibited highest seed cotton yield kg ha-1 (yield potential) in the non- stress treatment (S-0).  Giza 90 variety outyielded the other two varieties under stress treatment (S-2) compared to those of Giza 85 and Giza 83. The superiority of Giza 90 variety could be attributed to its high yield components., while Giza 90 was relatively stress susceptible and similar trend of those obtained using data of relative productivity (%) which confirm that the genotype Giza 83 and Giza 85 are more drought tolerance and could be used as sources of drought stress tolerance in breeding programs and tolerance to water stress conditions.

scholarly journals Alleviation of field water stress in wheat cultivars by using silicon and salicylic acid applied separately or in combination

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kobra Maghsoudi ◽  
Yahya Emam ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Mohammad Javad Arvin
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Positive Effects

The role of exogenous individual or combined application of silicon (Si) and salicylic acid (SA) (control, 6mm Si, 1mm SA, and 6mm Si+1mm SA) on grain yield and some key physiological characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cvv. Shiraz (drought-sensitive) and Sirvan (drought-tolerant) was investigated under field water-stress conditions (100% and 40% field capacity). Drought stress caused a considerable reduction in biological yield, yield and yield components, relative water content and leaf water potential of both cultivars. Application of Si and SA effectively improved these parameters in water-deficit treatments. Moreover, water-limited conditions markedly promoted the activities of key antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), while enhancing the accumulation of soluble sugars, potassium, magnesium and calcium in leaf tissues. Application of Si and SA further enhanced the activities of the key antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of osmolytes, and decreased the levels of H2O2 and MDA in drought-stressed plants; the positive effects of Si were greatest when it was applied with SA. Synergistic effects of Si+SA application on yield and physiological parameters were apparent compared with Si or SA applied separately. Water-stress alleviation and yield improvement in the wheat cultivars by Si and SA application was attributable to partly improved osmotic adjustment and antioxidant activity as well as to more favourable water status under stress conditions. Overall, Si and SA application proved to have great potential in promoting grain yield of wheat in drought-prone areas.

scholarly journals Physiological Responses and Antioxidant of Wheat Cultivars in PGR -Mediated Alleviation of Drought Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dehghanzadeh H ◽  
◽  
Adavi Z ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Positive Effects

Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses and factors limiting the successful production of plant products worldwide and has adverse effects on plant growth and other metabolic processes. The role of exogenous individual or combined application of Silicon (Si) and Cycocel (CCC) (control, 3.6gL-1 Si, 210mgL-1 CCC, and 3.6gL-1 Si + 210mgL-1 CCC) on grain yield and some key physiological characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Gascogen (drought-sensitive) and Aflak (drought-tolerant) was investigated under field water-stress conditions (100% and 40% field capacity). Drought stress caused a considerable reduction in biological yield, yield and yield components, relative water content and leaf water potential of both cultivars. Application of Si and CCC effectively improved these parameters in water-deficit treatments. Moreover, water-limited conditions markedly promoted the activities of key antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase as well as the levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), while enhancing the accumulation of soluble sugars, potassium, magnesium and calcium in leaf tissues. Application of Si and CCC further enhanced the activities of the key antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of osmolytes, and decreased the levels of H2O2 and MDA in drought stressed plants; the positive effects of Si were greatest when it was applied with CCC. Synergistic effects of Si + CCC application on yield and physiological parameters were apparent compared with Si or CCC applied separately water-stress alleviation and yield improvement in the wheat cultivars by Si and CCC application was attributable to partly improved osmotic adjustment and antioxidant activity as well as to more favorable water status under stress conditions. Overall, Si and CCC application proved to have great potential in promoting grain yield of wheat in drought-prone areas.

Phenology, growth, productivity, and profitability of mungbean as affected by potassium and organic matter under water stress vs. no water stress conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Amanullah ◽  
Mohammad Yar ◽  
Shah Khalid ◽  
Mohamed Soliman Elshikh ◽  
Hafiz M. Akram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal associations of albacore CPUEs in the Northeastern Pacific with regional SST and climate environmental variables

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1717-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jason Phillips ◽  
Lorenzo Ciannelli ◽  
Richard D. Brodeur ◽  
William G. Pearcy ◽  
John Childers
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The North ◽  
Additive Mixed Models

Abstract This study investigated the spatial distribution of juvenile North Pacific albacore (Thunnus alalunga) in relation to local environmental variability [i.e. sea surface temperature (SST)], and two large-scale indices of climate variability, [the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the Multivariate El Niño/Southern Oscillation Index (MEI)]. Changes in local and climate variables were correlated with 48 years of albacore troll catch per unit effort (CPUE) in 1° latitude/longitude cells, using threshold Generalized Additive Mixed Models (tGAMMs). Model terms were included to account for non-stationary and spatially variable effects of the intervening covariates on albacore CPUE. Results indicate that SST had a positive and spatially variable effect on albacore CPUE, with increasingly positive effects to the North, while PDO had an overall negative effect. Although albacore CPUE increased with SST both before and after a threshold year of 1986, such effect geographically shifted north after 1986. This is the first study to demonstrate the non-stationary spatial dynamics of albacore tuna, linked with a major shift of the North Pacific. Results imply that if ocean temperatures continue to increase, US west coast fisher communities reliant on commercial albacore fisheries are likely to be negatively affected in the southern areas but positively affected in the northern areas, where current albacore landings are highest.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Selected Rice Genotypes under Water Stress Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Gaballah ◽  
Azza M. Metwally ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohamed M. Hassan ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Drought is the most challenging abiotic stress for rice production in the world. Thus, developing new rice genotype tolerance to water scarcity is one of the best strategies to achieve and maximize high yield potential with water savings. The study aims to characterize 16 rice genotypes for grain and agronomic parameters under normal and drought stress conditions, and genetic differentiation, by determining specific DNA markers related to drought tolerance using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers and grouping cultivars, establishing their genetic relationship for different traits. The experiment was conducted under irrigated (normal) and water stress conditions. Mean squares due to genotype × environment interactions were highly significant for major traits. For the number of panicles/plants, the genotypes Giza179, IET1444, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 showed the maximum mean values. The required sterility percentage values were produced by genotypes IET1444, Giza178, Hybrid2, and Giza179, while, Sakha101, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 achieved the highest values of grain yield/plant. The genotypes Giza178, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2, produced maximum values for water use efficiency. The effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.20 alleles to 3.0 alleles with an average of 1.28 alleles, and the He values for all SSR markers used varied from 0.94 to 1.00 with an average of 0.98. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values for the SSR were varied from 0.83 to 0.99, with an average of 0.95 along with a highly significant correlation between PIC values and the number of amplified alleles detected per locus. The highest similarity coefficient between Giza181 and Giza182 (Indica type) was observed and are susceptible to drought stress. High similarity percentage between the genotypes (japonica type; Sakha104 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.45), Sakha101 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.40), Sakha105 with Hybrid1 (0.40), Hybrid1 with Giza178 (0.40) and GZ1368-S-5-4 with Giza181 (0.40)) was also observed, which are also susceptible to drought stress. All genotypes are grouped into two major clusters in the dendrogram at 66% similarity based on Jaccard’s similarity index. The first cluster (A) was divided into two minor groups A1 and A2, in which A1 had two groups A1-1 and A1-2, containing drought-tolerant genotypes like IET1444, GZ1386-S-5-4 and Hybrid1. On the other hand, the A1-2 cluster divided into A1-2-1 containing Hybrid2 genotype and A1-2-2 containing Giza179 and Giza178 at coefficient 0.91, showing moderate tolerance to drought stress. The genotypes GZ1368-S-5-4, IET1444, Giza 178, and Giza179, could be included as appropriate materials for developing a drought-tolerant variety breeding program. Genetic diversity to grow new rice cultivars that combine drought tolerance with high grain yields is essential to maintaining food security.

scholarly journals Impact of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the chemical composition, bioactive properties, and cytotoxicity of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Syrah grape pomace extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1856-1869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana R. Costa ◽  
Manuela Amorim ◽  
Ana Vilas-Boas ◽  
Renata V. Tonon ◽  
Lourdes M. C. Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Bioactive Properties

Grape pomace (GP) is a major byproduct worldwide, and it is well known for its bioactive compounds, such as fibers and phenolic compounds, that are popular for their impact upon human health, including in gastrointestinal health.

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