scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Constitution of the Crude, Phenolic-Rich Extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa, Brassica oleracea and Beta vulgaris

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seham Abdel-Shafi ◽  
Abdul-Raouf Al-Mohammadi ◽  
Mahmoud Sitohy ◽  
Basma Mosa ◽  
Ahmed Ismaiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Cell Shapes ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Crude, phenolic-rich extracts (CPREs) were isolated from different sources, such as Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdariffa), Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra (B. oleracea) and Beta vulgaris (B. vulgaris) and characterized. These CPREs showed potential antibacterial and antifungal activities. H. sabdariffa CPRE (HCPRE) is the most potent, as it inhibited all tested bacteria and fungi. Total anthocyanins content (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were estimated in all three CPREs. H. sabdariffa contained 4.2 mg/100 g TAC, 2000 mg/100 g of TPC and 430 mg/100 g of TFC in a dry weight sample. GC–MS analysis of HCPRE showed 10 different active compounds that have antimicrobial effects against pathogenic bacteria and fungi, especially alcoholic compounds, triazine derivatives and esters. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy images of Staphylococcus aureus DSM 1104 and Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 43816 treated with HCPRE (50 μg/mL) exhibited signs of asymmetric, wrinkled exterior surfaces, cell deformations and loss of cell shapes; and adherence of lysed cell content led to cell clumping, malformations, blisters, cell depressions and diminished cell numbers. This indicates death of bacterial cells and loss of cell contents. Aspergillus ochraceus EMCC516 (A. ochraceus, when treated with 100 μg/mL of HCPRE showed irregular cell organelles and cell vacuolation.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF IN-VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF DROSERA SPATULATA VAR BAKOENSIS- AN INDIGENOUS CARNIVOROUS PLANT AGAINST RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIOUS MICROBES.

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Chidepudi D S L N Tulasi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Objective: In the present study, the phytochemical constituents of Drosera spatulata, have been evaluated and antimicrobial activity was screened against respiratory tract infectious microbes.Methods: The phytochemicals present in Drosera spatulata by qualitative phytochemical assays and the antimicrobial activity along with MIC, MBC and BIC were determined against S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and S.Pneumonia the causative organisms of pulmonary infections, mainly effects the nasal pharynx, trachea, and lungs as well as Aspergillus niger.Results: Aqueous, ethanol, methanol extracts of thick roots, open flower and hair of Drosera spatulata var bakoensis against this pathogenic bacteria and fungi showed high zone of inhibition which estimated by disc-diffusion method as well as minimum inhibition concentration manifestation by the broth microdilution assay followed MBC and BIC. The values of MIC, MBC and BIC obtained were between 0.3-0.9, 0.36-2.25, 0.12 - 0.37 mg/mL. The results revealed that the plant extracts of Drosera spatulata var bakoensis have high potential even at low concentrations values against bacteria and fungi cultures and this results validated by the presence of high amounts of alkaloids, quinones, anthraquinones, flavonoids in the plant extracts. Conclusion: In the present study, the results showed the presence of high amounts of alkaloids, flavonoids, quninoes, anthraquinones, terpinoids in Drasera spatulata plant.  In the antibacterial and antifungal activity, the ethanol and methanol extracts significantly showed the activity against the tested respiratory disease causing bacteria and antifungal properties with zone of inhibition showed more than aqueous extracts at very low concentrations

scholarly journals Callus-mediated biosynthesis of Ag and ZnO nanoparticles using aqueous callus extract of Cannabis sativa: Their cytotoxic potential and clinical potential against human pathogenic bacteria and fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 569-584
Author(s):  
Mehreen Zaka ◽  
Syed Salman Hashmi ◽  
Moiz A. Siddiqui ◽  
Lubna Rahman ◽  
Sadaf Mushtaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Abstract In this paper, we have presented the method of green synthesis of ZnO and Ag-NPs using the callus extract (CE) of medicinally important Cannabis sativa. The synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, while as far as the size and shape of the NPs were concerned, they were validated using the techniques of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis graph confirmed the constitution of elements along with the surface chemical state of NPs. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy was utilized for the confirmation of biomolecules capping the NPs. In order to test the application of these biosynthesized NPs on biological entities, four bacterial strains, including Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were used. On the other hand, five fungal strains, namely Mucor, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium solani, were utilized for antifungal assay. Cytotoxicity assay was also performed using the HepG2 cell line. The results showed considerable antibacterial and antifungal activities. It also showed better cytotoxicity values as compared to the control.

scholarly journals TO STUDY THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF CLAUSENA DENTATA (WILLD.) ROEM.

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
ANNAMALAI MADURAM ◽  
RAJU KAMARAJ
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Human Pathogenic Bacteria

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the antibacterial activity for the various extracts of Clausena dentata against human pathogens. Clausena (Rutaceae) is a genus of about 23 species of unarmed trees and shrubs. The stem bark of C. dentata is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of wounds and sprains. Even though C. dentata has a lot of potential medical uses, the study of microbiological properties is very scarce. Methods: The plant C. dentata was collected from Kadagaman, near Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India, and authenticated by Centre for Advanced Study in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai. The dry powder of stem bark was extracted with hexane, chloroform, and methanol. The extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Vibrio cholerae, and Staphylococcus aureus and compared with ciprofloxacin. Results: Qualitative chemical tests revealed the presence of various phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrate, proteins and amino acids, phytosterols, and volatile oil. The antibacterial activity result reveals that all the extracts were are more active against V. cholerae. The activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was mild. Conclusion: The activity against V. cholerae was comparable with that of 5 μg/mL ciprofloxacin at the concentration of C. dentata 40 μg/mL. The orders of antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria are hexane, methanol, and chloroform extract of C. dentata.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation Characteristics of Bacteria and Fungi in PM2.5 in Typical Basin Cities of Xi’an and Linfen, China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Sen Wang ◽  
Wanyu Liu ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Haotian Sun ◽  
Yali Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Variation Characteristics ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Microorganisms existing in airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have key implications in biogeochemical cycling and human health. In this study, PM2.5 samples, collected in the typical basin cities of Xi’an and Linfen, China, were analyzed through high-throughput sequencing to understand microbial seasonal variation characteristics and ecological functions. For bacteria, the highest richness and diversity were identified in autumn. The bacterial phyla were dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. Metabolism was the most abundant pathway, with the highest relative abundance found in autumn. Pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Serratia, and Delftia) were positively correlated with most disease-related pathways. Besides, C cycling dominated in spring and summer, while N cycling dominated in autumn and winter. The relative abundance of S cycling was highest during winter in Linfen. For fungi, the highest richness was found in summer. Basidiomycota and Ascomycota mainly constituted the fungal phyla. Moreover, temperature (T) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in Xi’an, and T, SO2, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in Linfen were the key factors affecting microbial community structures, which were associated with different pollution characteristics in Xi’an and Linfen. Overall, these results provide an important reference for the research into airborne microbial seasonal variations, along with their ecological functions and health impacts.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activities of Marine Sponge-Associated Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Yitayal S. Anteneh ◽  
Qi Yang ◽  
Melissa H. Brown ◽  
Christopher M. M. Franco
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Sponge Associated Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Symbionts ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The misuse and overuse of antibiotics have led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, which decreases the chance of treating those infected with existing antibiotics. This resistance calls for the search of new antimicrobials from prolific producers of novel natural products including marine sponges. Many of the novel active compounds reported from sponges have originated from their microbial symbionts. Therefore, this study aims to screen for bioactive metabolites from bacteria isolated from sponges. Twelve sponge samples were collected from South Australian marine environments and grown on seven isolation media under four incubation conditions; a total of 1234 bacterial isolates were obtained. Of these, 169 bacteria were tested in media optimized for production of antimicrobial metabolites and screened against eleven human pathogens. Seventy bacteria were found to be active against at least one test bacterial or fungal pathogen, while 37% of the tested bacteria showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-resistant strains and antifungal activity was produced by 21% the isolates. A potential novel active compound was purified possessing inhibitory activity against S. aureus. Using 16S rRNA, the strain was identified as Streptomyces sp. Our study highlights that the marine sponges of South Australia are a rich source of abundant and diverse bacteria producing metabolites with antimicrobial activities against human pathogenic bacteria and fungi.

scholarly journals Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Low Temperatures on Proline, Pigments, and Phytochemicals Level in Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Valentina Ljubej ◽  
Erna Karalija ◽  
Branka Salopek-Sondi ◽  
Dunja Šamec
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Good Tolerance ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Metabolite Synthesis

Kale (Brassica oleracea var acephala) is known as a vegetable with good tolerance of environmental stress and numerous beneficial properties for human health, which are attributed to different phytochemicals. In the present study, investigation of how low temperatures affect proline, pigments and specialized metabolites content was performed using 8-weeks old kale plants subjected to chilling (at 8 °C, for 24 h) followed by short freezing (at −8 °C, for 1 h after previous acclimation at 8 °C, for 23 h). Plants growing at 21 °C served as a control. In both groups of plants (exposed to low temperatures and exposed to short freezing) a significant increase in proline content (14% and 49%, respectively) was recorded. Low temperatures (8 °C) induced an increase of pigments (total chlorophylls 7%) and phytochemicals (phenolic acids 3%; flavonoids 5%; carotenoids 15%; glucosinolates 21%) content, while exposure to freezing showed a different trend dependent upon observed parameter. After freezing, the content of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and total phenolic acids retained similar levels as in control plants and amounted to 14.65 ± 0.36 mg dw g−1, 2.58 ± 0.05 mg dw g−1 and 13.75 ± 0.07 mg dw CEA g−1, respectively. At the freezing temperature, total polyphenol content increased 13% and total flavonoids and glucosinolates content decreased 21% and 54%, respectively. Our results suggest that acclimatization (23 h at 8 °C) of kale plants can be beneficial for the accumulation of pigments and phytochemicals, while freezing temperatures affect differently specialized metabolite synthesis. The study suggests that growing temperature during kale cultivation must be considered as an important parameter for producers that are orientated towards production of crops with an increasing content of health-related compounds.

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