scholarly journals A Newly Discovered Phenylethanoid Glycoside from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Affects Insulin Secretion in Rat INS-1 Islet β Cells

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (22) ◽  
pp. 4178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing He ◽  
Nai-Liang Zhu ◽  
Jing Kong ◽  
Ping Peng ◽  
Lin-Fu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Phenylethanoid Glycosides ◽  
Discovery Studio ◽  
Phenylethanoid Glycoside ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Significant Stimulatory Effect

The tea-like beverage Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Stevia) is popular in China because it reduces blood glucose and has a sweet taste. In this work, a comprehensive quality assessment of Stevia led to the discovery of five phenylethanoid glycosides, namely steviophethanoside (1), cuchiloside (2), salidroside (3), icariside D (4), and tyrosol (5). Of them, compound 1 is a novel compound. Mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy were employed to confirm the absolute configuration. A hydrolytic step with 4 N TFA at 95 °C for 4 h was used to confirm the monosaccharides. In addition, Discovery Studio 4.0 was used to predict the ADME and toxicity activity of compound 1. The results suggested that compound 1 was biocompatible and had poor toxicity, which was verified by rat INS-1 islet β cells through an MTT assay. Meanwhile, a significant stimulatory effect on INS-1 cells was observed, which indicated a hypoglycemic effect of compound 1. This is the first report that describes a natural, novel, and hypoglycemic phenylethanoid glycoside in Stevia.

scholarly journals Sweet Taste Receptors Regulate Basal Insulin Secretion and Contribute to Compensatory Insulin Hypersecretion During the Development of Diabetes in Male Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (6) ◽  
pp. 2112-2121 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Kyriazis ◽  
Kathleen R. Smith ◽  
Björn Tyrberg ◽  
Tania Hussain ◽  
Richard E. Pratley
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Basal Insulin ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Human Islets ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Taste Receptors ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Sweet Taste Receptors ◽  
Basal Insulin Secretion

β-Cells rapidly secrete insulin in response to acute increases in plasma glucose but, upon further continuous exposure to glucose, insulin secretion progressively decreases. Although the mechanisms are unclear, this mode of regulation suggests the presence of a time-dependent glucosensory system that temporarily attenuates insulin secretion. Interestingly, early-stage β-cell dysfunction is often characterized by basal (ie, fasting) insulin hypersecretion, suggesting a disruption of these related mechanisms. Because sweet taste receptors (STRs) on β-cells are implicated in the regulation of insulin secretion and glucose is a bona fide STR ligand, we tested whether STRs mediate this sensory mechanism and participate in the regulation of basal insulin secretion. We used mice lacking STR signaling (T1R2−/− knockout) and pharmacologic inhibition of STRs in human islets. Mouse and human islets deprived of STR signaling hypersecrete insulin at short-term fasting glucose concentrations. Accordingly, 5-hour fasted T1R2−/− mice have increased plasma insulin and lower glucose. Exposure of isolated wild-type islets to elevated glucose levels reduced STR expression, whereas islets from diabetic (db/db) or diet-induced obese mouse models show similar down-regulation. This transcriptional reprogramming in response to hyperglycemia correlates with reduced STR function in these mouse models, leading to insulin hypersecretion. These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which insulin secretion is physiologically regulated by STRs and also suggest that, during the development of diabetes, STR function is compromised by hyperglycemia leading to hyperinsulinemia. These observations further suggest that STRs might be a promising therapeutic target to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Regulation of Insulin Secretion by SIRT4, a Mitochondrial ADP-ribosyltransferase

2007 ◽  
Vol 282 (46) ◽  
pp. 33583-33592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Ahuja ◽  
Bjoern Schwer ◽  
Stefania Carobbio ◽  
David Waltregny ◽  
Brian J. North ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Carrier Proteins ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Adp Ribosyltransferase

Sirtuins are homologues of the yeast transcriptional repressor Sir2p and are conserved from bacteria to humans. We report that human SIRT4 is localized to the mitochondria. SIRT4 is a matrix protein and becomes cleaved at amino acid 28 after import into mitochondria. Mass spectrometry analysis of proteins that coimmunoprecipitate with SIRT4 identified insulindegrading enzyme and the ADP/ATP carrier proteins, ANT2 and ANT3. SIRT4 exhibits no histone deacetylase activity but functions as an efficient ADP-ribosyltransferase on histones and bovine serum albumin. SIRT4 is expressed in islets of Langerhans and colocalizes with insulin-expressing β cells. Depletion of SIRT4 from insulin-producing INS-1E cells results in increased insulin secretion in response to glucose. These observations define a new role for mitochondrial SIRT4 in the regulation of insulin secretion.

scholarly journals Application of in vitro stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) cultures in obtaining steviol glycoside rich material

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Luwańska ◽  
Aleksandra Perz ◽  
Grażyna Mańkowska ◽  
Karolina Wielgus
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Steviol Glycoside ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Rich Material

Summary Stevia is a plant attracting attention due to its capability to synthesize a group of chemical compounds with sweet taste, i.e. steviol glycosides. Steviol glycosides are successfully applied as a natural sweetener, and some of them have also therapeutic properties. This paper presents available information on the use of stevia plant tissue cultures with the focus on their potential application in food industry. Detailed analysis was done concerning the research employing in vitro culture techniques and the use of them in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites of high importance for the food industry. Both established achievements and most recent publications on stevia were used for assessment of practical applications of the aforementioned techniques and prospects for their development.

The effect of the elicitors on the steviol glycosides biosynthesis pathway in Stevia rebaudiana

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hourieh Tavakoli ◽  
Nasibeh Tavakoli ◽  
Foad Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Kaurenoic Acid

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni has been promoted for having sweet leaves as well as pharmaceutical and industrial properties. The sweet taste of Stevia leaves is due to the presence of steviol glycosides (a group of diterpene glycosides) found in a small number of plants. In the biosynthetic pathway of steviol glycosides (SGs), 15 enzymes that express the genes are associated with these enzymes under the influence of the elicitors. Due to the individuality of the stevia and few studies on the biosynthesis pathway of SGs, this paper attempted to investigate the effects of some of the elicitors, including methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), auxins (Aux), cytokinins (CKs), gibberellins (GAs) and its inhibitors including paclobutrazol (BPZ) and chloroquate (CCC)), on the responsible genes for the biosynthesis of SGs. Some of these elicitors, including MeJA, SA and GA have great potential in increasing secondary metabolites. Moreover, the biosynthetic pathway of GAs and SGs are shared till ent-kaurenoic acid (ent-KA) biosynthesis, which raises the question of whether this hormone and its inhibitors are effective in the SGs biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Five New Ent-Atisene Glycosides From Stevia rebaudiana

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1986265
Author(s):  
Krishna P. Devkota ◽  
Romila D. Charan ◽  
Christopher Priedemann ◽  
Ryan Donovan ◽  
Tara M. Snyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Resolution Mass

Five new ent-atisene diterpene glycosides (1-5) have been isolated from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. This adds to a list of only 2 new ent-atisene diterpene glycosides isolated previously from S. rebaudiana. Diterpene glycosides isolated from S. rebaudiana, such as the rebaudiosides, are typically associated with the ent-kaurene core and glycosylation at the C-13 and C-19 positions. Extensive application of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques (1H, 13C, 1D-TOCSY, COSY, HSQC-DEPT, HMBC, and ROESY) as well as high-resolution mass spectrometry demonstrated that the ent-atisenes 1 to 5 had glycosylation patterns identical to rebaudiosides J, N, O, K, and T, respectively. We have named these compounds stevatisene J, N, O, K, and T, respectively.

scholarly journals Positive Effect Of Mineral Nutrition On The Quantity Of Vitamins And Chemical Content Of Stevia (Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni)

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (10) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
A.Y. Ulugboev ◽  
◽  
A.A. Kurbanov ◽  
S.Sh. Khayrullaev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Mineral Substances

In recent years, all over the world, special attention is paid to plants with sweet taste, but not having a negative effect on human health. In developed countries, 6-7% of stevia side is obtained from stevia leaves, which have a sweet honey taste. Which are widely used in confectionery farms. Stevia extracts are over 300 times sweeter than sugar. Also, in the composition in the leaves of stevia contains vitamin C, B1, B2, PP, which is very important for human health. In the experiment, comparatively high indicators for the content of vitamin "B2" 36.0 mg / 100g were noted when using mineral fertilizers in N50 P175 K50. In agriculture, improving and maintaining the quality of products is one of the main tasks. In this regard, all field trials require the study of product quality. In Stevia, the quality of the food depends to a certain extent on the chemical composition of the plants. That is, the content of mineral substances and vitamins in the plant. It has been established that the use of mineral fertilizers increases the content of phosphorus, iron, calcium and other mineral substances. In the experiment, comparatively low values for the iron content of 4.9 mg / 100 g were observed in the control variant without the use of mineral fertilizers. In the variants of the applied mineral fertilizers, the iron content in stevia was 5.1-6.0 mg / 100 g. The highest iron content in the stevia composition, 6.0 mg / 100 g, was noted in the variant with the use of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N50 P175 K50 kg / ha.

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