scholarly journals Synthesis of Resins Using Epoxies and Humins as Building Blocks: A Mechanistic Study Based on In-Situ FT-IR and NMR Spectroscopies

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (22) ◽  
pp. 4110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Montané ◽  
Roxana Dinu ◽  
Alice Mija
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Conversion Technologies ◽  
Principal Chain

The combination of eco-respectful epoxy compounds with the humins, a by-product of biomass chemical conversion technologies, allow the obtention of materials with high added value. In this work, we propose a chemical connection study of humins with two aliphatic bis-epoxides through copolymerization reactions to synthesize sustainable, bio-based thermosets. The mechanism insights for the crosslinking between the epoxides and humins was proposed considering the different functionalities of the humins structure. Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR), one dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy techniques were used to build the proposed mechanism. By these techniques, the principal chain connections and the reactivity of all the components were highlighted in the synthesized networks.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Resins Using Epoxies and Humins as Building Blocks: A Mechanistic Study Based on in-situ FT-IR and NMR Spectroscopies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Montané ◽  
Roxana Dinu ◽  
Alice Mija
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Conversion Technologies ◽  
Principal Chain ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

The combination of eco-respectful epoxy compounds with the humins, a by-product of biomass chemical conversion technologies, allow the obtention of materials with high added value. In this work, we propose the chemical connection study of humins with two aliphatic diepoxides through the copolymerization reactions to synthesize sustainable bio-based thermosets. The mechanism insights for the crosslinking between the epoxides and humins was proposed considering the different functionalities of the humins structure. FT-IR spectroscopy, 1 D and 2 D NMR spectroscopy techniques were used to build the proposed mechanism. By these techniques, the principal chain connections and the reactivity of all the components were highlighted in the synthesized networks.

Mechanistic Study of Silsesquioxane Synthesis by Mass Spectrometry and in Situ ATR FT-IR Spectroscopy

2003 ◽  
Vol 107 (42) ◽  
pp. 8885-8892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo P. Pescarmona ◽  
Maria E. Raimondi ◽  
John Tetteh ◽  
Ben McKay ◽  
Thomas Maschmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

The crystal structure, luminescence and nitrobenzene-sensing properties of a two-dimensional MnIIcoordination polymer based on 2,6-bis(imidazol-1-yl)pyridine

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin-Lin Wang ◽  
Ling-Liang Long ◽  
Jin-Fang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Sensing Properties ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Strong Luminescence ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

A two-dimensional MnIIcoordination polymer (CP), poly[bis[μ2-2,6-bis(imidazol-1-yl)pyridine-κ2N3:N3′]bis(thiocyanato-κN)manganese] [Mn(NCS)2(C11H9N5)2]n, (I), has been obtained by the self-assembly reaction of Mn(ClO4)2·6H2O, NH4SCN and bent 2,6-bis(imidazol-1-yl)pyridine (2,6-bip). CP (I) was characterized by FT–IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure features a unique two-dimensional (4,4) network with one-dimensional channels. The luminescence and nitrobenzene-sensing properties were explored in a DMF suspension, revealing that CP (I) shows a strong luminescence emission and is highly sensitive for nitrobenzene detection.

One- and two-dimensional PbII compounds resulting from reaction of PbBr2 and Pb(SCN)2 with pyrimidine-2-thione

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vânia Denise Schwade ◽  
Bárbara Tirloni
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Tautomeric Form ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Compound Ii

Pyrimidine-2-thione (HSpym) reacts with lead(II) thiocyanate and lead(II) bromide in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to form poly[(μ-isothiocyanato-κ2 N:S)(μ4-pyrimidine-2-thiolato-κ6 N 1,S:S:S:S,N 3)lead(II)], [Pb(C4H3N2S)(NCS)] n or [Pb(Spym)(NCS)] n , (I), and the polymeric one-dimensional (1D) compound catena-poly[[μ4-bromido-di-μ-bromido-(μ-pyrimidine-2-thiolato-κ3 N 1,S:S)(μ-pyrimidine-2-thione-κ3 N 1,S:S)dilead(II)] N,N-dimethylformamide monosolvate], {[Pb2Br3(C4H3N2S)(C4H4N2S)]·C3H7NO} n or {[Pb2Br3(Spym)(HSpym)]·DMF} n , (IIa), respectively. Poly[μ4-bromido-di-μ3-bromido-(μ-pyrimidine-2-thiolato-κ3 N 1,S:S)(μ-pyrimidine-2-thione-κ3 N 1,S:S)dilead(II)], [Pb2Br3(C4H3N2S)(C4H4N2S)] n or [Pb2Br3(Spym)(HSpym)] n , (IIb), could be obtained as a mixture with (IIa) when using a lesser amount of solvent. In the crystal structures of the pseudohalide/halide PbII stable compounds, coordination of anionic and neutral HSpym has been observed. Both Spym− (in the thiolate tautomeric form) and NCS− ligands were responsible for the two-dimensional (2D) arrangement in (I). The Br− ligands establish the 1D polymeric arrangement in (IIa). Eight-coordinated metal centres have been observed in both compounds, when considering the Pb...S and Pb...Br interactions. Both compounds were characterized by FT–IR and diffuse reflectance spectroscopies, as well as by powder X-ray diffraction. Compound (IIa) and its desolvated version (IIb) represent the first structurally characterized PbII compounds containing neutral HSpym and anionic Spym− ligands. After a prolonged time in solution, (IIa) is converted to another compound due to complete deprotonation of HSpym. The structural characterization of (I) and (II) suggests HSpym as a good candidate for the removal of PbII ions from solutions containing thiocyanate or bromide ions.

Mechanistic study of the SCR of NO with propylene over Co/ZSM-5 using in-situ FT-IR

1998 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 933-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Goryashenko ◽  
Y. K. Park ◽  
D. S. Kim ◽  
S. -E. Park
Keyword(s):  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Scr Of No ◽  
Ft Ir

Intensity Enhancement of a Two-Dimensional Asynchronous Spectrum Without Noise Level Fluctuation Escalation Using a One-Dimensional Spectra Sequence Change

2020 ◽  
pp. 000370282097171
Author(s):  
Kaili Li ◽  
Fengshan Zhou ◽  
Anqi He ◽  
Ran Guo ◽  
Xiaopei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Model System ◽  
Cross Peak ◽  
Artificial Noise ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Sequence Change ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Spectroscopy Experiment ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Cross

Previously, we demonstrated that the intensities of cross-peaks in a two-dimensional asynchronous spectrum could be enhanced using sequence change of the corresponding one-dimensional spectra. This unusual approach becomes useful when the determination of the sequential order of physicochemical events is not essential. However, it was not known whether the level of noise in the two-dimensional asynchronous spectrum was also escalated as the sequence of one-dimensional spectra changed. We first investigated the noise behavior in a two-dimensional asynchronous spectrum upon changing the sequence of the corresponding one-dimensional spectra on a model system. In the model system, bilinear data from a chromatographic–spectroscopic experiment on a mixture containing two components were analyzed using a two-dimensional asynchronous spectrum. The computer simulation results confirm that the cross-peak intensities in the resultant a two-dimensional asynchronous spectrum were indeed enhanced by more than 100 times as the sequence of one-dimensional spectra changed, whereas the fluctuation level of noise, reflected by the standard deviation of the value of a two-dimensional asynchronous spectrum at a given point, was almost invariant. Further analysis on the model system demonstrated that the special mathematical property of the Hilbert–Noda matrix (the modules of all column vectors of the Hilbert–Noda matrix being a near constant) accounts for the moderate variation of the noise level during the changes of the sequence of one-dimensional spectra. Next, a realistic example from a thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy experiment with added artificial noise in seven one-dimensional spectra was studied. As we altered the sequence of the seven FT-IR spectra, the variation of the cross-peak intensities covered four orders of magnitude in the two-dimensional asynchronous spectra. In contrast, the fluctuation of noise in the two-dimensional asynchronous spectra was within two times. The above results clearly demonstrate that a change in the sequence of one-dimensional spectra is an effective way to improve the signal-to-noise level of the two-dimensional asynchronous spectra.

scholarly journals Bio-assembling and Bioprinting for Engineering Microvessels from the Bottom Up

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Liu ◽  
Tao Yue ◽  
Masaru Kojima ◽  
Qiang Huang ◽  
Tatsuo Arai
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Microvascular Network ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Blood vessels are essential in transporting nutrients, oxygen, metabolic wastes, and maintaining the homeostasis of the whole human body. Mass of engineered microvessels is required to deliver nutrients to the cells included in the constructed large three-dimensional (3D) functional tissues by diffusion. It is a formidable challenge to regenerate microvessels and build a microvascular network, mimicking the cellular viabilities and activities in the engineered organs with traditional or existing manufacturing techniques. Modular tissue engineering adopting the “bottom-up” approach builds one-dimensional (1D) or two-dimensional (2D) modular tissues in micro scale first and then uses these modules as building blocks to generate large tissues and organs with complex but indispensable microstructural features. Building the microvascular network utilizing this approach could be appropriate and adequate. In this review, we introduced existing methods using the “bottom-up” concept developed to fabricate microvessels including bio-assembling powered by different micromanipulation techniques andbioprinting utilizing varied solidification mechanisms. We compared and discussed the features of the artificial microvessels engineered by these two strategies from multiple aspects. Regarding the future development of engineering the microvessels from the bottom up, potential directions were also concluded.

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