scholarly journals Liquid Anaerobic Digestate as a Source of Nutrients for Lipid and Fatty Acid Accumulation by Auxenochlorella Protothecoides

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Krzemińska ◽  
Marta Oleszek ◽  
Dariusz Wiącek
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Liquid Digestate ◽  
Auxenochlorella Protothecoides

In recent years, there has been growing interest in the biomass of unicellular algae as a source of valuable metabolites. The main limitations in the commercial application of microbial biomass are associated with the costs of production thereof. Maize silage is one of the main substrates used in biogas plants in Europe. The effects of sterilized agricultural liquid digestate (LD) from methane fermentation of maize silage on the growth rates, macro and micronutrient removal efficiency, lipid content, and fatty acid profile in Auxenochlorella protothecoides were investigated. The results indicate that A. prothecoides can proliferate and accumulate lipids with simultaneous reduction of nutrients in the 1:20 diluted liquid digestate. The rate of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from the liquid digestate was 79.45% and 78.4%, respectively. Cells growing in diluted liquid digestate exhibited the maximum lipid content, i.e., 44.65%. The fatty acid profile of A. prothecoides shows a decrease in the content of linolenic acid by 20.87% and an increase in oleic acid by 32.16% in the LD, compared with the control. The liquid digestate changed the content of monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The cells of A. protothecoides growing in the liquid digestate were characterized by lower PUFA content and higher MUFA levels.

scholarly journals Lipid and fatty acid profile of liver in relation to reproduction in the small-scaled terapon Terapon puta (Cuvier, 1829) from Pondicherry Coast, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nandikeswari ◽  
M. Sambasivam
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids

<p>The total lipid content as percentage of dry weight of liver of <em>Terapon puta</em> (Cuvier, 1829) varied at four different stages <em>viz.,</em> immature, maturing, mature and spent stages of reproduction. Highest levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was recorded in the liver of mature fishes (50.71%) followed by maturing (48.03%) and the lowest in immature fishes (38.91%). Highest levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were observed in the liver of maturing fishes (37.07%) followed by mature (34.09%) and the lowest levels in immature fishes (30.48%). Maturing fishes had higher liver polyunsaturated fatty acid  levels (PUFA) (13.54%), compared to immature (10.55%) and mature fishes (10.17%).</p>

scholarly journals Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids in diets fed to sows on fatty acids in brain, muscle and skin of their piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
I De Gasperín ◽  
J.G. Vicente ◽  
J.M. Pinos-Rodríguez ◽  
F Montiel ◽  
R Loeza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fat ◽  
Pork Lard ◽  
Piglet Survival

The aim of this research was to determine fatty acid profiles in piglet brain, skin, and muscle, and in the milk of sows fed fat with different saturation grades during gestation and lactation. At 42 days of gestation, 50 multiparous sows were randomly allocated to one of two treatments, namely a diet containing pork lard (n = 25) and a diet containing soybean oil (n = 25). The fats were provided at 3.6% during gestation and at 4% during lactation. The experimental diets were offered through the weaning of the piglets. The fatty acid profile of the milk was determined fourteen days after parturition. At weaning (21 days postpartum) and seven days later, one of the piglets (n = 64) from 16 sows allocated to each treatment was selected at random to determine fatty acid profiles in brain, skin and muscle. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were higher in the diet with pork lard than in that with soybean oil, in which the polyunsaturated fat content was higher. A higher saturation of fatty acids was found in milk from the sows that consumed pork lard, which contained more saturated fatty acids than the milk from sows that consumed soybean oil. The fatty acid profiles in muscle and skin of the piglets were affected by the diet of the sows. However, the fatty acid profile of the piglets’ brains was not affected by the diet of their mothers. Keywords: fat saturation, lard, piglet survival, sow feeding, soybean oil

scholarly journals Study on the Profile of Fatty Acids of Broiler Chicken Raised and Slaughtered in Industrial System

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 4089-4094
Author(s):  
Marius Mihai Ciobanu ◽  
Paul Corneliu Boisteanu ◽  
Daniel Simeanu ◽  
Alina Narcisa Postolache ◽  
Roxana Lazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Industrial System ◽  
Nutritional Indices ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Different Levels

Fatty acid profile and the related nutritional indices of the breast, thigh and drumstick muscles were studied at three farms, suppliers of ROSS 308 line of broilers, slaughtered at the age of 42 days. The proximate chemical composition of the commercial slaughter cuts revealed contents between 16.26�22.78% for proteins and 1.80�7.45% for total lipids, the breast having the highest protein and ash content and lowest values for fat and moisture. The obtained values were mainly affected by region (P[0.001). Meat fatty acid profile was affected (P[0.001) by commercial slaughter regions (CSR) and by the interactions between CSR and supplier farms (Farm A, B, and C) at different levels. The obvious findings highlighted that Farm B supplied broilers with a delivered higher content of beneficial fatty acids (LA, LNA, AA, EPA, and DHA) in breasts and drumstick, while for thigh, Farm C had the best results. The content of total saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) had the highest level in the thigh (P[0.001).

scholarly journals Influence of dietary vitamin e and copper on fatty acid profile and cholesterol content of raw and cooked broiler meat

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Skřivanová ◽  
M. Skřivan ◽  
E. Tůmová ◽  
S. Ševčíková
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Meat Cooking

We examined the influence of a diet containing 4% of rapeseed oil, 35 mg or 126 mg copper and supplement of 100 mg vitamin E per 1 kg on fatty acid profile and cholesterol content in raw and cooked broiler leg meat. Copper was added to feed mixtures as CuSO<sub>4</sub>.5H<sub>2</sub>O. The fatty acid profile and cholesterol content were also determined in raw, stewed and roasted meat of broilers receiving the same diet but with a supplement of 20 mg vitamin E. The results showed that 126 and 35 mg Cu/kg significantly increased oleic acid content. Monounsaturated fatty acids accounted for 51% and 52% of all fatty acids. The relatively low copper concentration of 35 mg/kg feed with a major portion of soybean, wheat and maize and vitamin E supplementation of 100 mg/kg reduced (P &lt; 0.01) EPA by 17%, DPA by 16% and DHA by 11 and 15% (P &lt; 0.05). All tested copper doses reduced cholesterol: 126 mg Cu by 22%, 35 mg by 6% and 126 mg in combination with 35 mg copper in relation to broiler age by 7% (P &lt; 0.05); none of the cooking procedures influenced cholesterol. Meat cooking in experiment 1 did not influence the content of any fatty acid. Copper &times; cooking interactions were insignificant for all fatty acids and cholesterol. In experiment 2 more changes in the numerical values of fatty acids were caused by stewing compared to roasting. Among the valuable fatty acids n-3 long chain acids were influenced by both cooking procedures to the largest extent. Docosahexaenoic acid was reduced to about 60% of the original value (P &lt; 0.05). On the other hand, a decrease in myristic acid by 14% in stewed meat and 12% in roasted meat (P &lt; 0.05) was positive.

scholarly journals Effect of Pasture or Maize Silage Feeding on the Nutritional Value of Beef

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Łozicki ◽  
Maria Dymnicka ◽  
Ewa Arkuszewska ◽  
Henryk Pustkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Final Body Weight

Effect of Pasture or Maize Silage Feeding on the Nutritional Value of BeefThe objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value of beef from different production systems. The study was conducted with Hereford bulls on organic and conventional farms. On the organic farm, fattening was mainly based on roughages, including pasture forage in the summer season, when the end of fattening occurred. On the conventional farm the bulls were fed maize silage and concentrate. On both farms, the animals were aged 7-9 months at the beginning of fattening. The bulls were fattened to a final body weight of 550-600 kg. Samples of longissimus thoracis muscle were collected from half-carcasses of slaughtered bulls originating from each farm to analyse fat content, fatty acid profile, and content of selected minerals and vitamin E. Muscle samples were additionally analysed for the concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances 3 and 7 days after slaughter. Analyses showed a lower fat content in longissimus thoracis muscle of bulls from the pasture feeding system. The fatty acid profile was also characterized by a lower content of C 14:0, and a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including C18:3 n-3, conjugated linoleic acid, C 20:5 n-3, and C 22:5 n-3, as well as by a lower ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA. The total content of monounsaturated fatty acids was significantly higher in animals fed maize silage and feed concentrate. In turn, the muscle of pasture fed animals had higher levels of Na, Zn and Fe as well as of vitamin E.

Changes in the lipid content and fatty acid composition of 2nd-stage juveniles of Globodera rostochiensis after rehydration, exposure to the hatching stimulus and hatch

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. HOLZ ◽  
D. J. WRIGHT ◽  
R. N. PERRY
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Fraction ◽  
Acid Fraction

The total lipid content of the dry weight of whole cysts and 2nd-stage juveniles (J2) of Globodera rostochiensis was 17·1% in dry cysts, 20·9% in cysts soaked in distilled water (DW), 20·3% in cysts that had been in potato root diffusate (PRD) for 7 days, 7·3% in cysts that had been in PRD for 28 days and 29·2% for hatched J2. The fatty acid composition of the total lipid did not differ between dry cysts, cysts in DW and cysts in PRD for 7 days. However, major differences in the fatty acid composition of all lipid classes were found between rehydrated cysts in PRD and freshly hatched J2. After hatching, the degree of saturation and the percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids decreased and the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids increased considerably, especially in the free fatty acid fraction, where C20[ratio ]1 showed an 8-fold decrease and C20[ratio ]4 a 33-fold increase. There was a difference in the fatty acid composition of cysts in PRD for 7 days and cysts in PRD for 28 days (after most of the J2 had hatched); with increased time in PRD the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids increased and the percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids decreased in all lipid classes. Differences in the fatty acid profiles between cysts in PRD for 28 days and hatched J2 were found mainly in the free fatty acid and the non-acidic phospholipid fractions. The free fatty acid fraction of the cysts was dominated by monounsaturated fatty acids (52%), whereas the same fraction of hatched J2 contained large amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (60%). These polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially C20[ratio ]4, might play an important part in nematode–plant interactions during infection.

Temporal variation in the fatty acid composition of ovigerous females and embryos of the squat lobster Pleuroncodes monodon (Decapoda, Munididae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 1977-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Bascur ◽  
Fabián Guzmán ◽  
Sergio Mora ◽  
Pepe Espinoza ◽  
Ángel Urzúa
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Humboldt Current ◽  
Fishery Resource ◽  
Key Species

Pleuroncodes monodon, an important fishery resource and key species in the Humboldt Current Large Marine ecosystem, has a prolonged reproductive period from winter until end of summer, and during this time females incubating their embryos are exposed to seasonal variation in food availability and in temperature. Additionally, in order to ensure successful reproduction and survival of embryos, changes occur in the main internal reserves and/or sources of energy of P. monodon. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of seasonal variation (winter vs summer) in the lipid content and fatty acid composition of ovigerous females and their embryos. The results show that a higher percentage of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids are found in females in winter. Similarly, the composition of fatty acids in embryos found here indicates that winter embryos have more saturated fatty acids and essential fatty acids (C18:2n6cis, C18:3n6 and C22:6n3) than do summer embryos. According to PCA analysis of fatty acid profile, samples from summer may be distinguished into two isolated groups with conspicuous variations in fatty acids profile of embryo and hepatopancreas. While in winter, the opposite pattern occurs in the fatty acid profile of embryo and hepatopancreas. These variations may be related to relevant physiological processes (reproduction and growth) and of their ontogeny (development and survival of offspring). Seasonal variation in the lipid content and composition of fatty acids of P. monodon could directly impact this species’ reproduction and survival and subsequently could have consequences on the food web and fishery exploitation.

scholarly journals Karakteristik dan Profil Asam Lemak Minyak Ikan dari Kepala dan Tulang Ikan Tuna (Thunnus albacares)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Daniel A N Apituley ◽  
Raja Bonan Dolok Sormin ◽  
Esterlina E E M Nanlohy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Thunnus Albacares

This study was aimed to determine the physical and chemical quality as well as the fatty acid profile of fish oil from the waste of the head and the bones of Thunnus albacares. An experimental method was applied in this research. Observed variables included yield, density, acid number, saponification value, iodine number, TBA value, as well as fatty acid profile. The results showed that the physical characteristics of the oil from the head and bone of the fish, i.e., yield 12,11% and 9.85%, density 0.92 mg/mL, and 0.90 mg/mL, respectively. The chemical characteristics of the oil from head and bones of tuna were acid number 2.10 mg KOH/g and 2.88 mg KOH/g, iodine number 88.80 mg KOH/g and 77.67 mg KOH/g; saponification number 178.80 mg KOH/g and 145.50 mg KOH/g, TBA values 1.80 mg KOH/kg and 1.29 mg KOH/kg, subsequently. Unsaturated fatty acids were found to dominate oil from the head and bones of tuna. Tuna head contained 25 types of fatty acids consisting of 10 types of saturated fatty acids (SFA) 20.8% w/w, seven types of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) 11.92% w/w, eight polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) 35.98% w/w. In comparison, tuna bones contained 26 types of fatty acids consisting of 11 SFA 19.69% w/w, seven MUFA 10.80% w/w, and 8 PUFA 26.21% w/w. Keywords: fatty acid, fish oil, Thunnus albacares, waste of head and bone   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas fisik maupun kimiawi serta profil asam lemak minyak limbah ikan dari kepala dan tulang ikan tuna (Thunnus albacares). Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen. Parameter yang diamati yaitu: rendemen, berat jenis minyak, bilangan penyabunan, bilangan iodin, bilangan Tiobarbituric Acid (TBA) serta profil asam lemak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik fisik dari kepala dan tulang ikan berturut-turut adalah: rendemen 12,11 dan 9,85%; berat jenis minyak 0,92 mg/mL dan 0,90 mg/mL. Karakteristik kimia dari kepala dan tulang ikan tuna adalah berturut-turut: bilangan asam 2,10 mg KOH/g dan 2,88 mg KOH/g; bilangan iod 88,80 mg KOH/g dan 77,67 mg KOH/g; bilangan penyabunan 178,80 mg KOH/g dan 145,50 mg KOH/g; nilai TBA 1,80 mg KOH/kg dan 1,29 mg KOH/kg. Asam lemak tidak jenuh mendominasi minyak dari kepala maupun tulang ikan Tuna. Kepala ikan tuna mengandung 25 jenis asam lemak terdiri dari 10 jenis asam lemak jenuh (SFA) 20,8% w/w, 7 jenis lemak tak jenuh tunggal (MUFA) 11,92% w/w, 8 asam lemak tak jenuh jamak (PUFA) 35,98% w/w; sedangkan tulang ikan Tuna mengandung 26 jenis asam lemak terdiri dari 11 SFA 19,69% w/w, 7 MUFA 10,80% w/w, dan 8 PUFA 26,21% w/w. Kata kunci: asam lemak, minyak ikan, Thunnus albacares, limbah tulang dan kepala

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