scholarly journals Mapping the Biotransformation of Coumarins through Filamentous Fungi

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jainara Santos do Nascimento ◽  
Wilson Elias Rozo Núñez ◽  
Valmore Henrique Pereira dos Santos ◽  
Josefina Aleu ◽  
Sílvio Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Cunninghamella Elegans ◽  
Chemical Derivatization ◽  
Aspergillus Brasiliensis ◽  
Selective Hydroxylation ◽  
Natural Coumarins

Natural coumarins are present in remarkable amounts as secondary metabolites in edible and medicinal plants, where they display interesting bioactivities. Considering the wide enzymatic arsenal of filamentous fungi, studies on the biotransformation of coumarins using these microorganisms have great importance in green chemical derivatization. Several reports on the biotransformation of coumarins using fungi have highlighted the achievement of chemical analogs with high selectivity by using mild and ecofriendly conditions. Prompted by the enormous pharmacological, alimentary, and chemical interest in coumarin-like compounds, this study evaluated the biotransformation of nine coumarin scaffolds using Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 10028b and Aspergillus brasiliensis ATCC 16404. The chemical reactions which were catalyzed by the microorganisms were highly selective. Among the nine studied coumarins, only two of them were biotransformed. One of the coumarins, 7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrocyclopenta[c]chromen-4(1H)-one, was biotransformed into the new 7,9-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrocyclopenta[c]chromen-4(1H)-one, which was generated by selective hydroxylation in an unactivated carbon. Our results highlight some chemical features of coumarin cores that are important to biotransformation using filamentous fungi.

Biotransformation of Coumarins by Filamentous Fungi: An Alternative Way for Achievement of Bioactive Analogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jainara Santos do Nascimento ◽  
João Carlos Silva Conceição ◽  
Eliane de Oliveira Silva
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Pattern Structures ◽  
Pharmacological Interest ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Compounds

Coumarins are natural 1,2-benzopyrones, present in remarkable amounts as secondary metabolites in edible and medicinal plants. The low yield in the coumarins isolation from natural sources, along with the difficulties faced by the total synthesis, make them attractive for biotechnological studies. The current literature contains several reports on the biotransformation of coumarins by fungi, which can generate chemical analogs with high selectivity, using mild and eco-friendly conditions. Prompted by the enormous pharmacological interest in the coumarin-related compounds, their alimentary and chemical applications, this review covers the biotransformation of coumarins by filamentous fungi. The chemical structures of the analogs were presented and compared with those from the pattern structures. The main chemical reactions catalyzed the insertion of functional groups, and the impact on the biological activities caused by the chemical transformations were discussed. Several chemical reactions can be catalyzed by filamentous fungi in the coumarin scores, mainly lactone ring opening, C3-C4 reduction and hydroxylation. Chunninghamella sp. and Aspergillus sp. are the most common fungi used in these transformations. Concerning the substrates, the biotransformation of pyranocoumarins is a rarer process. Sometimes, the bioactivities were improved by the chemical modifications and coincidences with the mammalian metabolism were pointed out.

scholarly journals Bioprospection and characterization of the amylolytic activity by filamentous fungi from Brazilian Atlantic Forest

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Zaghetto de Almeida ◽  
Marita Gimenez Pereira ◽  
Caio Cesar de Carvalho ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Heinen ◽  
Luciana Sobrani Ziotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Aspergillus Brasiliensis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Ph Range

Abstract Filamentous fungi are widely diverse and ubiquitous organisms. Such biodiversity is barely known, making room for a great potential still to be discovered, especially in tropical environments - which are favorable to growth and species variety. Filamentous fungi are extensively applied to the production of industrial enzymes, such as the amylases. This class of enzymes acts in the hydrolysis of starch to glucose or maltooligosaccharides. In this work twenty-five filamentous fungi were isolated from samples of decomposing material collected in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The two best amylase producers were identified as Aspergillus brasiliensis and Rhizopus oryzae. Both are mesophilic, they grow well in organic nitrogen-rich media produce great amounts of glucoamylases. The enzymes of A. brasiliensis and R. oryzae are different, possibly because of their phylogenetical distance. The best amylase production of A. brasiliensis occurred during 120 hours with initial pH of 7.5; it had a better activity in the pH range of 3.5-5.0 and at 60-75°C. Both fungal glucoamylase had wide pH stability (3-8) and were activated by Mn2+. R. oryzae best production occurred in 96 hours and at pH 6.5. Its amylases had a greater activity in the pH range of 4.0-5.5 and temperature at 50-65ºC. The most significant difference between the enzymes produced by both fungi is the resistance to thermal denaturation: A. brasiliensis glucoamylase had a T50 of 60 minutes at 70ºC. The R. oryzae glucoamylase only had a residual activity when incubated at 50°C with a 12 min T50.

scholarly journals Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of Ecuadorian Medicinal Plants: An Update and Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1145
Author(s):  
Chabaco Armijos ◽  
Jorge Ramírez ◽  
Melissa Salinas ◽  
Giovanni Vidari ◽  
Alírica I. Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Pharmacological Studies

The use of plants as therapeutic agents is part of the traditional medicine that is practiced by many indigenous communities in Ecuador. The aim of this study was to update a review published in 2016 by including the studies that were carried out in the period 2016–July 2021 on about 120 Ecuadorian medicinal plants. Relevant data on raw extracts and isolated secondary metabolites were retrieved from different databases, resulting in 104 references. They included phytochemical and pharmacological studies on several non-volatile compounds, as well as the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs). The tested biological activities are also reported. The potential of Ecuadorian plants as sources of products for practical applications in different fields, as well the perspectives of future investigations, are discussed in the last part of the review.

scholarly journals A Review on Venom Enzymes Neutralizing Ability of Secondary Metabolites from Medicinal Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Shrivastava ◽  
Pushpendra Singh ◽  
Mohammad Yasir ◽  
Risha Hazarika ◽  
Sunisha Sugunan
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Secondary Metabolites
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