scholarly journals The Antibiofilm Effect of a Medical Device Containing TIAB on Microorganisms Associated with Surgical Site Infection

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Puca ◽  
Tonino Traini ◽  
Simone Guarnieri ◽  
Simone Carradori ◽  
Francesca Sisto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test ◽  
Surgical Sutures

Surgical site infections (SSIs) represent the most common nosocomial infections, and surgical sutures are optimal surfaces for bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Escherichia coli are the most commonly isolated microorganisms. The aim of this research was to evaluate the antibiofilm activity of a medical device (MD) containing TIAB, which is a silver-nanotech patented product. The antibacterial effect was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, and E. coli ATCC 25922 by assessing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by the Alamar Blue® (AB) assay. The antibiofilm effect was determined by evaluation of the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and colony-forming unit (CFU) count. Subsequently, the MD was applied on sutures exposed to the bacterial species. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects were evaluated by the agar diffusion test method, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The MIC was determined for S. aureus and E. faecalis at 2 mg/mL, while the MBIC was 1.5 mg/mL for S. aureus and 1 mg/mL for E. faecalis. The formation of an inhibition zone around three different treated sutures confirmed the antimicrobial activity, while the SEM and CLSM analysis performed on the MD-treated sutures underlined the presence of a few adhesive cells, which were for the most part dead. The MD showed antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities versus S. aureus and E. faecalis, but a lower efficacy against E. coli. Surgical sutures coated with the MD have the potential to reduce SSIs as well as the risk of biofilm formation post-surgery.

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis of medicinal plants of Nepal and their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against uropathogenic Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudip Bhandari ◽  
Karan Khadayat ◽  
Sami Poudel ◽  
Sunil Shrestha ◽  
Raju Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
E Coli

Abstract Background A biofilm is an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) composed of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids that impede antibiotics and immune cells, thus providing a shielded environment for bacterial growth. Due to biofilm formation, some microbes can show up to 1000 fold increased resistance towards the antibiotics than the normal planktonic forms. The study was conducted to screen the crude extracts of medicinal plants used in Nepal for their in vitro antibiofilm activities. Methods Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were determined by using a Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and aluminium trichloride method, respectively. Resazurin assay was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The initial antibiofilm activities and their inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined by the microtiter based modified crystal violet staining method. Results Out of 25 different plant extracts were used for the study, methanolic extracts of 20 plants showed a biofilm inhibition activity against five different strong biofilm producing Escherichia coli strains. Calotropis gigantea exhibited inhibition against all five different E. coli strains with IC50 values ranging from 299.7 ± 20.5 to 427.4 ± 2.7 μg/mL. Apart from that, Eclipta prostrata also showed biofilm formation inhibition, followed by Eupatorium adenophorum, Moringa oleifera, Ocimum tenuifolium, Oxalis lantifolia, Prunus persica, and Urtica parviflora. The extracts of C. gigantea, E. prostrata, Mangifera indica, O. tenuifolium, P. persica, and U. parviflora exhibited a moderate to poor MIC value ranging from 625 to 2500 μg/mL. The highest amount of phenolic content (TPC) was found in Acacia catechu followed by Morus alba, which was 38.9 and 25.1 mg gallic acid equivalents, respectively. The highest amount of flavonoid content was found in A. catechu followed by M. indica, which was 27.1 and 20.8 mg quercetin equivalents, respectively. Conclusion Extracts of C. gigantea, E. prostrata, P. persica, U. parviflora, and O. tenuifolium showed antibacterial as well as antibiofilm activity against pathogenic and strong biofilm producing E. coli. Thus, extracts or the pure compound from these medicinal plants could be used as antibiotics in the future.

scholarly journals In vitro antibiofilm activity of resveratrol against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangchun Ruan ◽  
Xiaoling Deng ◽  
Meiling Tan ◽  
Chengbo Yu ◽  
Meishi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Swarming Motility ◽  
Semisolid Medium ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Abstract Background Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains cause infectious diseases in poultry. Resveratrol is extracted from Polygonum cuspidatum, Cassia tora Linn and Vitis vinifera, and displays good antimicrobial activity. The present study aimed to investigate the antibiofilm effect of resveratrol on APEC in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of resveratrol and the antibiotic florfenicol toward APEC were detected using the broth microdilution method. Then, the effect of resveratrol on swimming and swarming motility was investigated using a semisolid medium culture method. Subsequently, the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and the biofilm eradication rate were evaluated using crystal violet staining. Finally, the antibiofilm activity of resveratrol was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Meanwhile, the effects of florfenicol combined with resveratrol against biofilm formation by APEC were evaluated using optical microscopy (OM) and a confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results The MICs of resveratrol and florfenicol toward APEC were 128 μg/mL and 64 μg/mL, respectively. The swimming and swarming motility abilities of APEC were inhibited in a resveratrol dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, resveratrol showed a significant inhibitory activity against APEC biofilm formation at concentrations above 1 μg/mL (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, the inhibitory effect of resveratrol at 32 μg/mL on biofilm formation was observed using SEM. The APEC biofilm was eradicated at 32 μg/mL of resveratrol combined with 64 μg/mL of florfenicol, which was observed using CLSM and OM. Florfenicol had a slight eradication effect of biofilm formation, whereas resveratrol had a strong biofilm eradication effect toward APEC. Conclusion Resveratrol displayed good antibiofilm activity against APEC in vitro, including inhibition of swimming and swarming motility, biofilm formation, and could eradicate the biofilm.

Confocal and SEM imaging to demonstrate food pathogen- biofilm biocontrol by pyocyanin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa BTRY1

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 5218
Author(s):  
Laxmi Mohandas ◽  
Anju T. R. ◽  
Sarita G. Bhat*
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Sem Imaging ◽  
The Impact

An assortment of redox-active phenazine compounds like pyocyanin with their characteristic blue-green colour are synthesized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens, which are also considered one of the most commercially valuable microorganisms. In this study, pyocyanin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa BTRY1 from food sample was assessed for its antibiofilm activity by micro titer plate assay against strong biofilm producers belonging to the genera Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Brevibacterium and Micrococcus. Pyocyanin inhibited biofilm activity in very minute concentrations. This was also confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Both SEM and CLSM helped to visualize the biocontrol of biofilm formation by eight pathogens. The imaging and quantification by CLSM also established the impact of pyocyanin on biofilm-biocontrol mainly in the food industry.

scholarly journals Starvation Survival and Biofilm Formation under Subminimum Inhibitory Concentration of QAMs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Suping Wang ◽  
Yannan Huang ◽  
Xuedong Zhou ◽  
Hockin H. K. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Prolonged Starvation ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Development Of Tolerance

Quaternary ammonium methacrylates (QAMs) are useful antimicrobial compounds against oral bacteria. Here, we investigated the effects of two QAMs, dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) and dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), on biofilm formation, survival and development of tolerance by biofilm, and survival and development of tolerance against QAMs after prolonged starvation. Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Streptococcus gordonii (S. gordonii), Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus), and Actinomyces naeslundii (A. naeslundii) were used. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of QAMs against multispecies biofilm was determined. Biofilm formed under sub-MIC was observed by crystal violet staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Metabolic activity was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and lactic acid production measurement. Development of tolerance was determined by MIC values before and after exposure to QAMs or after prolonged starvation. It was found that E. faecalis and S. gordonii could survive and form biofilm under sub-MIC of QAMs. Lactic acid production from biofilms formed under sub-MIC was significantly higher than control specimens ( p < 0.05 ). The exposure to sub-MIC of QAMs promoted biofilm formation, and prolonged starvation or prolonged contact with sub-MIC helped bacteria develop tolerance against killing by QAMs.

scholarly journals Antibiofilm Activity of an Experimental Ricinus Communis Dentifrice on Soft Denture Liners

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurício Malheiros Badaró ◽  
Vanessa Maria Fagundes Leite-Fernandes ◽  
Luciano Trevisan Martin ◽  
Viviane de Cássia Oliveira ◽  
Evandro Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Liquid Culture Medium ◽  
Denture Liners

Abstract The disadvantage of liners materials is the difficulty of biofilm control. It was compared an experimental dentifrice contained Ricinus communis, with commercials dentifrices as antibiofilm activity against microorganisms on denture liner. Six hundred specimens were distributed in 5 groups (n=18/ microorganism): water; experimental dentifrice; specific dentifrice for denture and two conventional dentifrices against C. albicans; C. glabrata; S. mutans; S. aureus; E. coli. Each group had a negative (n=5; without contamination) and positive control (n=15/ microorganism; without cleaning). The antibiofilm activity was evaluated by the method of biofilm formation in triplicate. The specimens were contaminated in a standard way and incubated. After that, manual brushing was performed (60 s), washed with PBS, immersed in liquid culture medium for resuspension and sowing in solid medium. The results (mean of triplicates) were expressed in CFU/mL. The data was submitted to Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05). The specific dentifrice (1.27±1.20) was the most effective against S. mutans, followed by conventional (Trihydral, 3.13±0.88; Colgate, 2.16±2.02) and experimental (3.81±1.37) dentifrices, which were similar to each other (p=0.008). All of them were different from water (4.79±1.42). The specific (0.21±0.21) and experimental (0.36±0.25) dentifrices were similar against S. aureus, with a higher mean of CFU when compared to conventional (Colgate, 0.06±0.13), which was more efficient (p=0.000). For C. albicans, C. glabrata and E. coli, all dentifrices were similar to water (p=0.186). It was concluded, that the experimental dentifrice was effective against S. aureus and had not efficacy against Candida spp.; S. mutans; E. coli, as occurred with the commercials dentifrices.

scholarly journals Antibiofilm Properties of Temporin-L on Pseudomonas fluorescens in Static and In-Flow Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8526
Author(s):  
Angela Di Somma ◽  
Federica Recupido ◽  
Arianna Cirillo ◽  
Alessia Romano ◽  
Alessandra Romanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Dead Cell ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Static Conditions

Biofilms consist of a complex microbial community adhering to biotic or abiotic surfaces and enclosed within a protein/polysaccharide self-produced matrix. The formation of this structure represents the most important adaptive mechanism that leads to antibacterial resistance, and therefore, closely connected to pathogenicity. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) could represent attractive candidates for the design of new antibiotics because of their specific characteristics. AMPs show a broad activity spectrum, a relative selectivity towards their targets (microbial membranes), the ability to act on both proliferative and quiescent cells, a rapid mechanism of action, and above all, a low propensity for developing resistance. This article investigates the effect at subMIC concentrations of Temporin-L (TL) on biofilm formation in Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens) both in static and dynamic conditions, showing that TL displays antibiofilm properties. Biofilm formation in static conditions was analyzed by the Crystal Violet assay. Investigation of biofilms in dynamic conditions was performed in a commercial microfluidic device consisting of a microflow chamber to simulate real flow conditions in the human body. Biofilm morphology was examined using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and quantified via image analysis. The investigation of TL effects on P. fluorescens showed that when subMIC concentrations of this peptide were added during bacterial growth, TL exerted antibiofilm activity, impairing biofilm formation both in static and dynamic conditions. Moreover, TL also affects mature biofilm as confocal microscopy analyses showed that a large portion of preformed biofilm architecture was clearly perturbed by the peptide addition with a significative decrease of all the biofilm surface properties and the overall biomass. Finally, in these conditions, TL did not affect bacterial cells as the live/dead cell ratio remained unchanged without any increase in damaged cells, confirming an actual antibiofilm activity of the peptide.

Antibiofilm activity of antifungal drugs, including the novel drug olorofim, against Lomentospora prolificans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Kirchhoff ◽  
Silke Dittmer ◽  
Ann-Kathrin Weisner ◽  
Jan Buer ◽  
Peter-Michael Rath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity

Abstract Objectives Patients with immunodeficiency or cystic fibrosis frequently suffer from respiratory fungal infections. In particular, biofilm-associated fungi cause refractory infection manifestations, linked to increased resistance to anti-infective agents. One emerging filamentous fungus is Lomentospora prolificans. Here, the biofilm-formation capabilities of L. prolificans isolates were investigated and the susceptibility of biofilms to various antifungal agents was analysed. Methods Biofilm formation of L. prolificans (n = 11) was estimated by crystal violet stain and antibiofilm activity was additionally determined via detection of metabolically active biofilm using an XTT assay. Amphotericin B, micafungin, voriconazole and olorofim were compared with regard to their antibiofilm effects when added prior to adhesion, after adhesion and on mature and preformed fungal biofilms. Imaging via confocal laser scanning microscopy was carried out to demonstrate the effect of drug treatment on the fungal biofilm. Results Antibiofilm activities of the tested antifungal agents were shown to be most effective on adherent cells whilst mature biofilm was the most resistant. The most promising antibiofilm effects were detected with voriconazole and olorofim. Olorofim showed an average minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of 0.06 mg/L, when added prior to and after adhesion. The MBECs of voriconazole were ≤4 mg/L. On mature biofilm the MBECs of olorofim and voriconazole were higher than the previously determined MICs against planktonic cultures. In contrast, amphotericin B and especially micafungin did not exhibit sufficient antibiofilm activity against L. prolificans. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the antibiofilm potential of olorofim against the human pathogenic fungus L. prolificans.

scholarly journals Synergistic Antibiofilm Efficacy of Thymol and Piperine in Combination with Three Aminoglycoside Antibiotics against Klebsiella pneumoniae Biofilms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Borel Bisso Ndezo ◽  
Christian Ramsès Tokam Kuaté ◽  
Jean Paul Dzoyem
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Aminoglycoside Antibiotics ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Background. Thymol and piperine are two naturally occurring bioactive compounds with several pharmacological activities. In this study, their antibiofilm potential either alone or in combination with three aminoglycoside antibiotics was evaluated against a biofilm of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methods. Determination of antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the broth microdilution method. Biofilm formation was evaluated by the microtiter plate method. Antibiofilm activity was determined using 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium-bromide (MTT) assay. The combination studies were performed by the checkerboard microdilution method. Results. The minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) of streptomycin was reduced by 16- to 64-fold when used in combination with thymol, while the MBIC of kanamycin was reduced by 4-fold when combined with piperine. The minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) values of streptomycin, amikacin, and kanamycin were, respectively, 16- to 128-fold, 4- to 128-fold, and 8- to 256-fold higher than the planktonic minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Thymol combined with streptomycin or kanamycin showed synergic effects against the preformed biofilm with 16- to 64-fold reduction in the minimum biofilm eradication concentration values of each antibiotic in combination. Piperine acted also synergically with kanamycin with an 8- to 16-fold reduction in the minimum biofilm eradication concentration values of kanamycin in combination. Conclusion. The association of thymol with antibiotics showed a strong synergistic effect both in the inhibition of biofilm formation and the destruction of the preformed biofilm of K. pneumoniae. This study suggests that a combination of thymol with streptomycin, amikacin, or kanamycin could be a promising alternative therapy to overcome the problem of K. pneumoniae biofilm-associated infections.

scholarly journals Effects of brief sodium fluoride treatment on the growth of early and mature cariogenic biofilms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Han
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Formation Stage ◽  
Early Formation ◽  
Cariogenic Biofilm

Abstract Although fluoride has been widely used in the prevention of dental caries, the effect of fluoride on the activity of biofilm in different stages of cariogenic biofilm formation is less studied. This study aimed to investigate the antibiofilm activity of sodium fluoride during early and mature Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilms formation. S. mutans biofilms were formed on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite disks. In the early (0 ~ 46 h) and mature (46 ~ 94 h) biofilm stages, the biofilm was treated with different concentrations of fluoride (250, 500, 1000, 2000 ppm; 5 times in total, 1 min/treatment). Acidogenicity, dry weight, colony-forming units, water-soluble/insoluble extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), and intracellular polysaccharides were analyzed and confocal laser scanning microscopy images were obtained of the two stages of biofilms (early and mature biofilms). To determine the antibiofilm activity of sodium fluoride during the formation of early and mature biofilms, and to evaluate the relationship between different concentrations of sodium fluoride and antibiofilm activity. In the early cariogenic biofilm formation stage, all fluoride concentration test groups (250, 500, 1000, 2000 ppm) significantly inhibited the growth of S. mutans biofilm. The antibiofilm and anti-EPS formation activities of the brief fluoride treatment increased in a concentration-dependent pattern. At the mature biofilm stage, only the 2000 ppm fluoride treatment group significantly inhibited biofilm accumulation, activity, and intracellular/extracellular polysaccharide content compared with the control and other fluoride treatment groups. The antimicrobial activity of fluoride is related to the formation stage of cariogenic biofilm. The early formation stage of cariogenic biofilm is more susceptible to the inhibition of fluorine than the mature stage. The fluoride treatment in the early formation stage of cariogenic biofilm may be an effective means to control the development of cariogenic biofilm and prevent caries.

scholarly journals Propolis Is an Efficient Fungicide and Inhibitor of Biofilm Production by VaginalCandida albicans

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isis Regina Grenier Capoci ◽  
Patrícia de Souza Bonfim-Mendonça ◽  
Glaucia Sayuri Arita ◽  
Raphaela Regina de Araújo Pereira ◽  
Marcia Edilaine Lopes Consolaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
The Matrix

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most common genital infections in women. The therapeutic arsenal remains restricted, and some alternatives to VVC treatment are being studied. The present study evaluated the influence of a propolis extractive solution (PES) on biofilm production byCandida albicansisolated from patients with VVC. Susceptibility testing was used to verify the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PES, with fluconazole and nystatin as controls. The biofilm formation of 29 vaginal isolates ofC. albicansand a reference strain that were exposed to PES was evaluated using crystal violet staining. Colony-forming units were evaluated, proteins and carbohydrates of the matrix biofilm were quantified, and scanning electron microscopy was performed. The MIC of PES ranged from 68.35 to 546.87 μg/mL of total phenol content in gallic acid. A concentration of 546.87 μg/mL was able to cause the death of 75.8% of the isolates. PES inhibited biofilm formation byC. albicansfrom VVC. Besides antifungal activity, PES appears to present important antibiofilm activity on abiotic surfaces, indicating that it may have an additional beneficial effect in the treatment of VVC.

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