scholarly journals Liquefaction of Biomass and Upgrading of Bio-Oil: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqiu Zhang ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
Haiqing Zhang ◽  
Chunli Chu ◽  
Kui Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
The Common ◽  
Direct Liquefaction ◽  
Alcohol Ethyl

The liquefaction of biomass is an important technology to converse the biomass into valuable biofuel. The common technologies for liquefaction of biomass are indirect liquefaction and direct liquefaction. The indirect liquefaction refers to the Fischer–Tropsch (F–T) process using the syngas of biomass as the raw material to produce the liquid fuel, including methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and dimethyl ether. The direct liquefaction of biomass refers to the conversion biomass into bio-oil, and the main technologies are hydrolysis fermentation and thermodynamic liquefaction. For thermodynamic liquefaction, it could be divided into fast pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction. In addition, this review provides an overview of the physicochemical properties and common upgrading methods of bio-oil.

scholarly journals Study on the hydrothermal liquefaction of antibiotic residues with molecular sieve catalysts in the ethanol–water system: focus on product distribution and characterization

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (43) ◽  
pp. 26763-26772
Author(s):  
Jian Yang ◽  
Chen Hong ◽  
Yi Xing ◽  
Zixuan Zheng ◽  
Zaixing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
Water System ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Antibiotic Residue ◽  
System Focus

In this study, the antibiotic residue was used as a raw material to catalyze hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) in an ethanol–water system to prepare bio-oil.

scholarly journals Experimental studies of hydrothermal liquefaction of kitchen waste with H+, OH− and Fe3+ additives for bio-oil upgrading

2020 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2095740
Author(s):  
Lixian Wang ◽  
Yong Chi ◽  
Di Shu ◽  
Elsa Weiss-Hortala ◽  
Ange Nzihou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Solid Waste Treatment

Kitchen waste (KW) has gradually become a prominent problem in municipal solid waste treatment. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising method used to make fuel oil from food and KW. However, the upgrading of bio-oil is particularly important for the sake of industrial reuse. In this study, the KW from university restaurants was subjected to HTL experiments in order to study theoretical feasibility. With the change of conversion temperature and residence time, the optimal conversion working conditions in this study were determined according to the quality and yield of the bio-oil. Moreover, the bio-oil upgrading effects of different additives (hydrogen chloride, sodium hydroxide, and iron(III) chloride) on the HTL of KW were studied. Alkaline additives have an inhibitory effect on the bio-oil yield and positive effect on coke yield. Acidic additives and iron (Fe)-containing additives can promote bio-oil yield. As an important aspect of upgrading, the effect on the nitrogen content of bio-oil with additives was revealed. The alkaline and Fe-containing additives have little effect on reducing the viscosity of the bio-oil while with the appropriate ratio (2.5 mol•kg−1) of acidic additives to the raw material, the static and dynamic fluidity of the oil phase products are reduced to about 0.1 Pa•s.

Characterization of Coconut Shell Activated Carbon Obtained from By-Product of Preparation Process of Bio-Oil with Fast Pyrolysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 156-157 ◽  
pp. 1215-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Ruo Xie ◽  
Zhang Fa Tong ◽  
Li Wen Zheng ◽  
Xiao Guang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Coconut Shell Activated Carbon ◽  
Bed Material ◽  
H3po4 Activation

A new process was investigated which combines both fast pyrolysis carbonization and CS activated carbons with H3PO4 activation (CSAC). ACs were obtained as by-product from the preparation process of bio-oil with fast pyrolysis under different temperatures (T=727–973 K), in which the reaction ended in a very short duration. A two-step process of reaction is proposed to govern carbonization and activation: firstly fast pyrolysis reaction removing disorganized material was associated with considerable weight loss but with low generation of porosity, pyrolysis/carbonization under the flow of N2 is suggested to ensure fluidization of CS powders and bed material, enhance decomposition of raw material, initiates controlled gasification at different temperatures. Then H3PO4 activation process dominated at 573 K, which leads to considerable evolution of porosity. In this research, the adsorption characteristics were determined from N2 adsorption isotherms and subsequent analysised by the BET-and BJH-methods. As a result, the iodine adsorption number of AC was 1310 mg/g and the SSA of AC was 1421.38 m2/g .

Physicochemical properties of bio-oil and biochar produced by fast pyrolysis of stored single-pass corn stover and cobs

2012 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 348-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Shah ◽  
Matthew J. Darr ◽  
Dustin Dalluge ◽  
Dorde Medic ◽  
Keith Webster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Single Pass ◽  
Bio Oil

scholarly journals Biomass fast pyrolysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Bridgewater
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Financial Cost ◽  
Commercial Success ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Barriers To Implementation ◽  
Energy Processes

Bioenergy is now accepted as having the potential to provide the major part of the projected renewable energy provisions of the future. Fast pyrolysis is one of the three main thermal routes, with gasification and combustion, to providing a useful and valuable biofuel. It is one of the most recent renewable energy processes to have been introduced and offers the advantages of a liquid product bio-oil that can be readily stored and trans ported, and used as a fuel, an energy carrier and a source of chemicals. Fast pyrolysis has now achieved commercial success for production of some chemicals, liquid fuel and electricity. Bio-oils have been success fully tested in engines turbines and boilers, and have been upgraded to high quality hydrocarbon fuels although at a presently unacceptable energetic and financial cost. This review concentrates on the technology of pyrolysis and applications for the liquid product. The basic pyrolysis process and the characteristics of the main liquid product bio-oil are first summarized followed by a review of applications for bio-oil. The main technical and non-technical barriers to implementation are identified.

A Review of Bio-Oil Upgrading by Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nga Tran ◽  
Yoshimitsu Uemura ◽  
Sujan Chowdhury ◽  
Anita Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Metal Catalyst ◽  
Biomass Pyrolysis ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Catalyst Efficiency

Fast pyrolysis is an attractive thermal conversion process to generate the alternative liquid fuel. However, the bio-oil obtained from biomass pyrolysis has polarity, instability and low energy density due to contained oxygenated compound. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process is the most promising route for bio-oil upgrading through oxygen elimination. The products are suitable for co-feeding into the existing refineries. Metal catalyst and operating conditions play an important role in HDO efficiency. A summary of HDO process has been conducted with various metal catalysts, type of reactors, and reaction mechanisms. It also raises some challenges in improving catalyst efficiency, reducing hydrogen consumption, and effort to understand the HDO kinetics.

Overview of Bio-Oil Upgrading via Catalytic Cracking

2013 ◽  
Vol 827 ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Tao Liao ◽  
Xiao Ning Ye ◽  
Qiang Lu ◽  
Chang Qing Dong
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass ◽  
Petroleum Fuels

Fast pyrolysis of biomass to produce bio-oil is an important technology to utilize lignocellulosic biomass, because the liquid bio-oil is regarded as a promising candidate of petroleum fuels. However, bio-oil is a low-grade liquid fuel, and required to be upgraded before it can be directly utilized in existing thermal devices. Catalytic cracking is an effective way to upgrade bio-oil, which can be performed either on the liquid bio-oil or the pyrolysis vapors. Various catalysts have been prepared and used for catalytic cracking, and they exhibited different catalytic capabilities. This paper will review the recent progress of the catalytic cracking of liquid bio-oil or pyrolysis vapors.

scholarly journals Process Simulation on Fast Pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shell for Production of Fuel

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mangala Nayaggy ◽  
Zulfan Adi Putra
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Process Simulation ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Preliminary Study

As the worlds primary source of energy is depleting, an alternative particularly renewable energy is being explored. This work is a preliminary study on fast pyrolysis process of palm kernel shell to produce liquid fuel. The simulation uses pyrolysis data obtained from one of the previous works on fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shell. As there are no literature available on upgrading of bio oil from fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shell, the chemical reactions are synthesised based on upgrading of bio oil from different biomass. The upgraded oil is then analysed by comparing its distillate curve with that of the ASTM of gasoline. The distillation curves are shown to be quite similar as the components found in the oil almost resemble those in the gasoline. Thus, the bio oil from fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shell has almost similar components compared to the ASTM of gasoline.

scholarly journals Synthesis gas and H2 production by chemical looping reforming using bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of wood as raw material

2021 ◽  
pp. 133376
Author(s):  
Iñaki Adánez-Rubio ◽  
Francisco García-Labiano ◽  
Alberto Abad ◽  
Luis F. de Diego ◽  
Juan Adánez
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Looping ◽  
Bio Oil
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