scholarly journals Protective Effects of Defatted Sticky Rice Bran Extracts on the Early Stages of Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aphisit Dokkaew ◽  
Charatda Punvittayagul ◽  
Orapin Insuan ◽  
Pornngarm Limtrakul (Dejkriengkraikul) ◽  
Rawiwan Wongpoomchai
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Preneoplastic Lesions ◽  
Rice Bran Extract ◽  
Initiation Stage

Use of natural products is one strategy to lessen cancer incidence. Rice bran, especially from colored rice, contains high antioxidant activity. Cancer chemopreventive effects of hydrophilic purple rice bran extract (PRBE) and white rice bran extract (WRBE) on carcinogen-induced preneoplastic lesion formation in livers of rats were investigated. A 15-week administration of PRBE and WRBE did not induce hepatic glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci formation as the biomarker of rat hepatocarcinogenesis. PRBE and WRBE at 500 mg/kg body weight significantly decreased number and size of GST-P positive foci in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated rats. The number of proliferating nuclear antigen positive hepatocytes were also reduced in preneoplastic lesions in both PRBE and WRBE fed DEN-treated rats. Notably, the inhibitory effect on GST-P positive foci formation induced by DEN during the initiation stage was found only in rats treated by PRBE for five weeks. Furthermore, PRBE attenuated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines involving genes including TNF-α, iNOS, and NF-κB. PBRE contained a higher number of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds and vitamin E. PRBE might protect DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats via attenuation of cellular inflammation and cell proliferation. Anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds, as well as vitamin E, might play a role in cancer chemopreventive activity in rice bran extract.

Lack of chemoprevention of dietary Agaricus blazei against rat colonic aberrant crypt foci

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Ziliotto ◽  
LF Barbisan ◽  
MAM Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Colon Carcinogenesis ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Aberrant Crypt Foci ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Agaricus Blazei ◽  
Initiation Stage

The mushroom Agaricus blazei ( Ab) has been widely used in folk medicine to treat various diseases including cancer. No information is available on its possible protective effects on the development of colon cancer. The potential blocking effect of Ab intake on the initiation stage of colon carcinogenesis was investigated in a short-term (4-week) bioassay using aberrant crypt foci (ACF) as biomarker. Male Wistar rats were given four subcutaneous injections of the carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 40 mg/kg bw, twice a week), during 2 weeks to induce ACF. The diet containing Ab at 5% was given 2 weeks before and during carcinogen treatment to investigate the potential beneficial effects of this edible mushroom on DMH-induced ACF. All groups were killed at the end of the fourth week. The colons were analyzed for ACF formation in 1% methylene blue whole-mount preparations and for cell proliferation in histological sections immunohistochemically stained for the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). All DMH-treated rats developed ACF mainly in the middle and distal colon. Agaricus blazei intake at 5% did not alter the number of ACF induced by DMH or the PCNA indices in the colonic mucosa. Thus, the results of the present study did not confirm a chemopreventive activity of Ab on the initiation stage of rat colon carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Study of the Ameliorative Effect of Vitamin E on Liver Regeneration after Different Periods of Partial Hepatectomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 661-669
Author(s):  
Mervat M. Halawani ◽  
Gamal S. Abdul Aziz ◽  
Hanan A. Amin ◽  
Hesham N. Mustafa ◽  
Amira A. Elhaggagy
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Liver Regeneration ◽  
Partial Hepatectomy ◽  
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Proliferating Cell ◽  
Control Sham

The liver is almost unique in its capacity for regeneration after hepatectomy but the exact mechanisms are not yet fully clarified. Antioxidants have been shown to promote liver regeneration after major hepatectomy. The present study evaluated the ameliorative effect of vitamin E administration on the liver regeneration after different periods of partial hepatectomy (PH) in rats. Fifty-six adult male albino rats were divided into three groups: Control sham operated group; partially hepatectomized group which were divided into three subgroups sacrificed at 1day, 3 days and 7days after the operation respectively; Partially Hepatectomized group with vitamin E pretreatment before PH where the rats were given a daily oral dose of vitamin E until the time of sacrifice of the rats. Immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and labeling index were demonstrated. After PH, the PCNA positive hepatocytes and the PCNA labeling indices were significantly high after the 1st day and then much decreased after the 3rd day, to be followed by a slight increase at the 7th day. Vitamin E pretreatment in PH rats resulted in a decrease in PCNA positive cells and its labeling indices in the 1st day with a gradual increase in the 3rd and 7th days. Vitamin E has an inhibitory effect in the first 24 hours on liver regeneration followed by stimulatory effect at the third and seventh days after PH. These data indicated that vitamin E pretreatment has an important role in regulation and enhancement of liver regeneration after PH.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Thai Purple Rice Husk Extract on Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Rats

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Charatda Punvittayagul ◽  
Arpamas Chariyakornkul ◽  
Paweena Sankam ◽  
Rawiwan Wongpoomchai
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hepatocyte Proliferation ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Preneoplastic Lesions ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanisms ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Hepatic Glutathione

This study investigated the cancer chemopreventive effects of an acidic methanol extract of purple rice husk on chemically induced carcinogenesis in rats. This purple rice husk extract (PRHE) had high polyphenol contents. Vanillic acid was a major phenolic compound in PRHE. Three major anthocyanins found in PRHE were malvidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside. PRHE was not toxic and clastogenic in rats. The LD50 of PRHE was greater than 2000 mg kg−1 body weight (BW). The oral administration of 300 or 1000 mg kg−1 BW of PRHE for 28 days significantly decreased the number of micronucleated hepatocytes in diethylnitrosamine-initiated rats. The inhibitory mechanisms were associated with the reduction of cytochrome P450 2E1 expression and induction of some detoxifying enzymes in the liver. In addition, treatment with 500 mg kg−1 BW of PRHE for eight weeks did not induce preneoplastic lesions in the liver and colon. It significantly inhibited hepatic glutathione-S-transferase positive foci formation induced by diethylnitrosamine and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine by suppression of hepatocyte proliferation and induction of apoptosis. In conclusion, PRHE did not present toxicity, clastogenicity or carcinogenicity in rats. It exhibited cancer chemopreventive properties against chemically induced early stages rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Anthocyanins and vanillic acid might be candidate anticarcinogenic compounds in purple rice husk.

scholarly journals Impacts of added oenological tannins on red wine quality to counteract Botrytis infection in Merlot grapes

OENO One ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-402
Author(s):  
Anne-Laure Gancel ◽  
Adeline Vignault ◽  
Etienne Pilard ◽  
Clément Miramont ◽  
Michaël Jourdes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Laccase Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Grape Skin ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Colour Parameters ◽  
Oxidation Damage ◽  
Cielab Colour

The contamination of grape berries by Botrytis cinerea can drastically damage wine quality, in particular causing colour degradation. In musts obtained from botrytised grapes, SO2 addition is the main means of avoiding oxidation damage due to laccases excreted by the pathogen. However, consumers are becoming increasingly reluctant to accept SO2 addition to wine. Oenological tannins are used for fining wines because of their colloidal properties, and for wine colour stabilisation due to their ability to condense with anthocyanins. They are also known for their antioxidant and antioxidasic properties. They were thus investigated in the present study for their potential as an alternative to SO2 against laccase oxidation.The impact of various types of oenological tannins on musts and wines was studied once added to musts obtained from the Merlot cultivar, comprising 20 % and 50 % botrytised grapes. Laccase activity, antioxidant capacity, composition of phenolic compounds, spectrophotometric and CIELAB colour parameters were assessed in the musts and wines. Sensory analyses were also performed on 3-month-old wines to evaluate the visual, olfactory and gustative consequences of tannin addition. At a 50 % botrytisation rate, the addition of any type of oenological tannins (at a concentration of 100 g/hL) had no effect on laccase activity and did not protect phenolic compounds. However, at the same concentration and at a 20 % botrytisation rate, proanthocyanidin tannins from grape skin were found to be the most promising tannins with simultaneous protective effects, such as an inhibitory effect on laccase enzymes, protection of colour from complete degradation and preservation of some procyanidin compounds.Oenological tannins are promising candidates for protecting wines from Botrytis damage and they induce a differential effect according to their origin and structure. They could be used to reduce the amount of SO2 that is added during vatting. More research is needed to confirm and better understand the mode of action of various tannins at levels lower than the 20 % botrytised rate tested in the present study.

PENGARUH JENIS DAN KONSENTRASI ALKALI DALAM PEMBUATAN ENRICHED RBO (RICE BRAN OIL) PADA TAHAP AWAL PROSES ISOLASI γ-ORYZANOL

EKUILIBIUM ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inayati Inayati
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Essential Nutrients ◽  
Rice Bran Extract

<p>Abstract: Rice bran oil (also known as rice bran extract) is the oil extracted from the germ and<br />inner husk of rice. It contains containing various kinds of essential nutrients, one of which is γoryzanol.</p><p>Usually γ-oryzanol was obtained by saponifying RBO with alkali. The non-saponified<br />fatty acids were separated to obtain a residue γ-oryzanol. Types of alkali compunds used in<br />saponification process would affect the amount of γ-oryzanol obtained. The objective of this<br />work was to study the effect of NaOH and KOH in saponification process. Samples of RBO<br />were saponified with a certain kind of alkali in a particular concentration. The soapstocks were<br />separated and then diluted with n-hexane. Then the samples were analyzed using GC-MS<br />chromatograph. Research variables were the type of alkali (NaOH and KOH) and alkali<br />concentration of 5 N, 4 N, 3 N, 2 N, and 1 N. The results showed that the best concentration to<br />produce soapstock was 5 N. Generally, in saponification process of RBO, NaOH as<br />saponification agent produced γ-oryzanol more than KOH. There were significant differences<br />between soapstock produced by NaOH and KOH. Saponification using NaOH produced solid<br />soaptock while soapstock produced by KOH was in paste form. Vitamin E content of the<br />soapstock is also higher when NaOH was used in saponification process. In conclusion, NaOH<br />was better used as saponification agent than KOH was the optimum concentration of 5 N of<br />NaOH.<br />Keywords: γ-oryzanol, Rice Bran Oil, RBO, saponification</p>

The role of rice bran extract on acetyl CoA carboxylase in liver of rats fed a high-fat diet

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Charkhonpunya ◽  
S Sireeratawong ◽  
S Komindr ◽  
N Lerdvuthisopon
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Rice Bran Extract
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