scholarly journals Repression of Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in HepG2 Cells by Polyphenolic Compounds from Lauridia tetragona (L.f.) R.H. Archer

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Odeyemi ◽  
John Dewar
Keyword(s):  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Hepatocellular Injury ◽  
Liver Glutathione ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
A Cell

Lauridia tetragona (L.f) R.H. Archer is routinely used in traditional medicine; however, its hepatoprotective property is yet to be scientifically proven. To this effect, the hepatoprotective activity of the polyphenolic-rich fractions (PPRFs) was investigated against acetaminophen (APAP) injured HepG2 cells. The ability of the PPRF to scavenge free radicals was tested against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and [2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid)] (ABTS). The ferric ion reducing power (FRAP) was also evaluated as a cell-free antioxidant assay. The hepatoprotective activity was then investigated by observing the effect of PPRFs against APAP-induced reduction in cell viability of HepG2 cells. The concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (AST), aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released into the medium were evaluated while the underlying mechanism was further explored through western blot analysis. Thereafter, the isolated PPRFs were identified using UHPLC-QToF-MS. All six fractions of the PPRFs isolated showed significant antioxidant properties that were evident by the effective scavenging of DPPH, ABTS, and higher FRAP. The results indicated that PPRF pretreatments ameliorated APAP-induced hepatocellular injury by significantly inhibiting the leakage of AST, ALT, and LDH into the medium. The most active fractions for hepatoprotection were PPRF4 and PPRF6 with IC50 of 50.243 ± 8.03 and 154.59 ± 1.9 μg/mL, respectively. PPRFs markedly increased activities of liver superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and liver glutathione concentration. Both PPRF4 and PPRF6 significantly increased the expression of Nrf2 and translocation. The LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of a wide variety of polyphenolics such as coumarin, ferulic acid, and caffeine among the dominant constituents. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the isolated PPRFs have potential hepatoprotective activity that may be due to the increased expression of antioxidative genes dependent on Nrf2.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective studies on methanolic extract fractions of Lindernia ciliata and development of qualitative analytical profile for the bioactive extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Praneetha Pallerla ◽  
Narsimha Reddy Yellu ◽  
Ravi Kumar Bobbala
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Effective Fraction

Abstract Background The objective of the study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract fractions of Lindernia ciliata (LC) and development of qualitative analytical profile of the bioactive fraction using HPLC fingerprinting analysis. All the fractions of methanolic extract of Lindernia ciliata (LCME) are assessed for their total phenolic, flavonoid contents and in vitro antioxidant properties by using DPPH, superoxide, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and reducing power assay. Acute toxicity study was conducted for all the fractions and the two test doses 50 and 100 mg/kg were selected for the hepatoprotective study. Liver damage was induced in different groups of rats by administering 3 g/kg.b.w.p.o. paracetamol and the effect of fractions were tested for hepatoprotective potential by evaluating serum biochemical parameters and histology of liver of rats. The effective fraction was evaluated for its antihepatotoxic activity against D-Galactosamine (400 mg/kg b.w. i.p.) and in vivo antioxidant parameters viz., Glutathione (GSH), Melondialdehyde (MDA) and Catalase (CAT) levels are estimated using liver homogenate. Results Among all the fractions, butanone fraction of LCME, (BNF-LCME) has shown better hepatoprotective activity and hence it is selected to evaluate the antihepatotoxicity against D-GaIN. The activity of BNF-LCME is well supported in in vitro and in vivo antioxidant studies and may be attributed to flavonoidal, phenolic compounds present in the fraction. Hence, BNF-LCME was subjected to the development of qualitative analytical profile using HPLC finger printing analysis. Conclusions All the fractions of LCME exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity and BNF-LCME (50 mg/kg) was identified as the most effective fraction.

Antioxidant and Antiradical Activities of Wu Ling Shen in a Cell Free System

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (04) ◽  
pp. 815-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huey-Jiun Ko ◽  
Airong Song ◽  
Min-Nan Lai ◽  
Lean-Teik Ng
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Free System ◽  
Medicinal Fungus ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
A Cell

The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antiradical activities of Wu Ling Shen, a popular medicinal fungus (Xylaria nigripes) used in traditional Chinese medicine preparations. Two different X. nigripes materials, the cultivated X. nigripes mycelia (XN) and a commercial X. nigripes product (XNP), were used to prepare the aqueous (XN-H vs. XNP-H) and ethanol (XN-E vs. XNP-E) extracts for this study. Polyphenol and total polysaccharide contents of these extracts were also examined. Results showed that extracts of XN possessed stronger antioxidant and antiradical activities than XNP in all tested model systems. However, all extracts exhibited a weak activity in metal chelation and reducing power. Total antioxidant activity of XN extracts (IC50 6.20 μg/ml for XN-H and 5.41 μg/ml for XN-E), but not XNP extracts (IC50 128.13 μg/ml for XNP-H and 96.16 μg/ml for XNP-E), was more potent than Trolox (IC50 19.64 μg/ml) and vitamin C (IC50 26.39 μg/ml). XN-E (IC50 5.12 μg/ml) and XNP-E (IC50 8.89 μg/ml) possessed a relatively similar potency as that of positive controls (IC50 6.94 μg/ml for Trolox and 4.25 μg/ml for vitamin C) in the superoxide radical scavenging activity. Although the DPPH radical scavenging of XN extracts was weaker than that of Trolox and vitamin C, it was about eight times more potent than that of XNP extracts. In ABTS assay, both XN and XNP extracts exhibited a moderate ABTS radical scavenging activity. Among the different extracts, XN-E showed the highest total flavonoid (32.69 mg/g) and phenol (59.75 mg/g) contents, while XNP-H (7.50% w/w) had the highest level in total polysaccharide content. These results conclude that XN-E possesses the most potent antioxidant and antiradical activities, and that these activities could be derived from its high polyphenol content, but not the level of polysaccharides.

scholarly journals From Ecology to Biotechnology, Study of the Defense Strategies of Algae and Halophytes (from Trapani Saltworks, NW Sicily) with a Focus on Antioxidants and Antimicrobial Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concetta Messina ◽  
Giuseppe Renda ◽  
Vincenzo Laudicella ◽  
Rozenn Trepos ◽  
Marilyne Fauchon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Defense Strategies ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Fish And Shellfish ◽  
Fouling Bacteria

This study aimed at the characterization of the antioxidant power of polyphenol extracts (PE) obtained from the algae Cystoseira foeniculacea (CYS) (Phaeophyta) and from the halophyte Halocnemum strobilaceum (HAL), growing in the solar saltworks of western Sicily (Italy), and at the evaluation of their anti-microfouling properties, in order to correlate these activities to defense strategies in extreme environmental conditions. The antioxidant properties were assessed in the PE based on the total antioxidant activity test and the reducing power test; the anti-microfouling properties of the two PE were evaluated by measuring the growth inhibition of marine fish and shellfish pathogen bacteria as well as marine surface fouling bacteria and microalgae exposed to the fractions. Similar polyphenol content (CYS 5.88 ± 0.75 and HAL 6.03 ± 0.25 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) g−1 dried weight, DW) and similar reducing power percentage (93.91 ± 4.34 and 90.03 ± 6.19) were recorded for both species, even if they exhibited a different total antioxidant power (measured by the percentage of inhibition of the radical 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl DPPH), with CYS (79.30) more active than HAL (59.90). Both PE showed anti-microfouling properties, being inhibitors of adhesion and growth of marine fish and shellfish pathogen bacteria (V. aestuarianus, V. carchariae, V. harveyi, P. elyakovii, H. aquamarina) and fouling bacteria (V. natriegens, V. proteolyticus, P. iirgensii, R. litoralis) with minimum inhibitory concentrations comparable to the commercial antifouling products used as a positive control (SEA-NINE™ 211N). Only CYS was a significant inhibitor of the microalgae strains tested, being able to reduce E. gayraliae and C. closterium growth (MIC 10 µg·mL−1) and the adhesion of all three strains tested (E. gayraliae, C. closterium and P. purpureum), suggesting its promise for use as an antifouling (AF) product.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies of Phytochemicals Analysis and in vitro Antioxidant Properties of Various Solvent Extracts of Sphaeranthus indicus Collected from three Different Climatic Zones of Central India

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 2237-2243
Author(s):  
Pooja N. Akhand ◽  
Veena Sharma ◽  
Anupam K. Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Central India ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Sphaeranthus Indicus

In present study, the total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin contents and the antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts of Sphaeranthus indicus collected from three different regions of central India were assessed. Plants extracts were prepared using Soxhlation method, while the total phenols, flavonoids and tannins were measured by the spectrophotometric method. DPPH, metal chelating, nitric oxide, superoxide oxide scavenging activity and FRAP, reducing power, total antioxidant assays were also evaluated. The highest phenolic contents 268.22 GAE equivalent, flavonoids 441.33 QE equivalents and tannin content was 120.32 tannic acid equivalents (mg/g) obtained from ethanolic extracts of sample SIEE-1 compared to other two plants extract. Similarly, the highest flavonoid contents was observed in SIAE-1 aqueous extract and lowest in SIAE-2 and SIAE-3. Extract of SIEE-1 possessed maximum antioxidant potentiality and SIAE-2 shown the least antioxidant activity in all assays. It could be concluded that different agroclimatic conditions have effects on the total phenolics, flavonoids, tannin contents and antioxidant potentiality of S. indicus plant.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Croton hypoleucus Extract in an Induced-Necrosis Model in Rats

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 2533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thania Alejandra Urrutia-Hernández ◽  
Jorge Arturo Santos-López ◽  
Juana Benedí ◽  
Francisco Jose Sánchez-Muniz ◽  
Claudia Velázquez-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Hepatic Damage ◽  
Liver Necrosis ◽  
Cat Gene

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of Croton hypoleucus (EC). The present work reports the first pharmacological, toxicological, and antioxidant studies of EC extract on liver injury. Liver necrosis was induced by thioacetamide (TAA). Five groups were established: Croton Extract (EC), thioacetamide (TAA), Croton extract with thioacetamide (EC + TAA), vitamin E with thioacetamide (VE + TAA) and the positive control and vehicle (CT). For EC and EC + TAA, Wistar rats (n = 8) were intragastrically pre-administered for 4 days with EC (300 mg/kg.day) and on the last day, EC + TAA received a single dose of TAA (400 mg/kg). At 24 h after damage induction, animals were sacrificed. In vitro activity and gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (Cat), and Nrf2 nuclear factor were measured. The results show that EC has medium antioxidant properties, with an IC50 of 0.63 mg/mL and a ferric-reducing power of 279.8 µM/mg. Additionally, EC reduced hepatic damage markers at 24 h after TAA intoxication; also, it increased SOD and Cat gene expression against TAA by controlling antioxidant defense levels. Our findings demonstrated the hepatoprotective effect of EC by reducing hepatic damage markers and controlling antioxidant defense levels. Further studies are necessary to identify the mechanism of this protection.

scholarly journals Lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus Activates the Complement System via C3 Induction and CD55 Inhibition

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1135
Author(s):  
Bong Jun Jung ◽  
Hangeun Kim ◽  
Kyoung Ok Jang ◽  
Seongjae Kim ◽  
Dae Kyun Chung
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Membrane Attack Complex ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Complement System

Staphylococcus aureus inhibits complement activity by secreting a variety of toxins. However, the underlying mechanism of complement component regulation by lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a cell wall component of S. aureus, has not been elucidated. In this study, we observed that aLTA (LTA of S. aureus) increased C3 expression in THP-1 cells. The mechanism of aLTA-mediated C3 induction includes an aLTA-toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 interaction, interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase (IRAK) 2 recruitment, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) activation. In HepG2 cells, C3 protein production begins to increase from 3 h and increases steadily until 48 h. On the other hand, CD55 levels increased up to 6 h after aLTA treatment and started to decrease after 24 h and levels were decreased at 48 h by more than 50% compared to untreated cells. The expression of CD55 in HepG2 cells was shown to be regulated by IRAK-M induced by aLTA. Serum C3 levels increased in mice injected with aLTA, which resulted in an increase in the amount and activity of the membrane attack complex (MAC). We also observed that CD55 mRNA was increased in the liver 24 h after aLTA injection, but was decreased 48 h after injection. These results suggest that aLTA increases complement levels via induction of C3 and inhibition of CD55, which may cause associated MAC-mediated liver damage.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Potential of the Polyherbal Formulation “ImmuPlus”: A Nutritional Supplement for Horses

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Cecchini ◽  
Mariateresa Paciolla ◽  
Anna Rocchina Caputo ◽  
Alfonso Bavoso
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Polyherbal Formulation ◽  
Total Antioxidant

In order to counteract harmful effects of oxidative stress due to pathological conditions or physical exercise, horses are often administered dietary supplements having supposed high antioxidant activities. The aim of the present study was to identify thein vitroantioxidant potential of “ImmuPlus”, a polyherbal formulation (Global Herbs LTD, Chichester, West Sussex, Great Britain), containing three medicinal plants (Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia,andEmblica officinalis), known in Ayurveda for their use in human disease treatment. Extracts obtained by different solvents (water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, and hexane) were tested for total antioxidant capacity, total reducing power, scavenging activity against DPPH radical, and total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. Our results showed that, except as regards hexane, all the used solvents are able to extract compounds having high antioxidant activity, even when compared to ascorbic acid. Regression analysis showed significant correlations between antioxidant properties and polyphenol/flavonoid contents, indicating the latter, known for their beneficial effects on health of human and animal beings, as major components responsible for the strong antioxidant capacities. Moreover, obtained results suggest the effective role of the polyherbal mixture as good source of antioxidants in horses.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity, Enzyme Inhibition Potentials, and Phytochemical Profiling of Premna serratifolia L. Leaf Extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Adelina Simamora ◽  
Adit W. Santoso ◽  
Kris H. Timotius ◽  
Ika Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Pbr322 Plasmid ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Premna serratifolia, commonly known as Arogo in Tentena-Sulawesi, is a popular vegetable. As a promising herbal tea and food ingredient, further investigation is required to find the best knowledge for medicinal use of P. serratifolia leaves. This research investigated the antioxidant activity of the ethanol (EEPS) and water (WEPS) extracts of P. serratifolia leaves, based on their scavenging activities on DPPH radicals and their reducing capacities (CuPRAC, total antioxidant/phosphomolybdenum, and ferric thiocyanate reducing power assays). The DNA-protecting effect by EEPS was tested using pBR322 plasmid DNA against •OH radical-induced damage. The inhibition potentials of both extracts against several enzymes related to metabolic diseases (α-glucosidase, α-amylase, xanthine oxidase, and protease) were evaluated. The phytochemical analysis was conducted by an LC-QTOF-MS/MS technique. EEPS proved to be a better antioxidant and had higher phenolic content compared to WEPS. EEPS demonstrated a protective effect on DNA with recovery percentage linearly correlated with EEPS concentrations. Strong inhibition on α-glucosidase and α-amylase was observed for EEPS; however, EEPS and WEPS showed weak inhibitions on xanthine oxidase and protease. LC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis identified seven main components in EEPS, namely scroside E, forsythoside A and forsythoside B, lavandulifolioside, diosmin, nobilin D, campneoside I, and isoacteoside. These components may be responsible for the observed enzymes inhibitions and antioxidant properties. Premna serratifolia leaves can be an appropriate choice for the development of nutraceutical and drug preparations.

scholarly journals Pulse-Cereal Blend Extrusion for Improving the Antioxidant Properties of a Gluten-Free Flour

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5578
Author(s):  
Daniel Rico ◽  
Ana Belén Cano ◽  
Ana Belén Martín-Diana
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Flour Properties ◽  
Lentil Flour ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Technological Tool ◽  
Optimal Formula

Extrusion is an interesting technological tool that facilitates pulse formulation into flour mixtures, with tailored fibre content, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glycemic index (GI) among other components in final formulas. The gluten-free (GF) market has significantly grown during the last years. GF products have evolved from specialty health foods to products targeted to the general population and not only associated to celiac consumers. This study evaluates how temperature, cereal base (rice/corn) and pulse concentration affect extruded flour properties and which conditions are more efficient to develop a gluten-free flour with high TAC and low GI. Additionally, it evaluated the effect of this optimal formula after the baking process. The results showed an increase of total phenol (TP) and antioxidant activity with extrusion, with a temperature-dependent effect (130 °C ≥ 120 °C ≥ 110 °C), which may imply an enhanced bioaccessibility of phenolics compounds after extraction. Extrusion increased GI in comparison to native flour; however, a dough temperature of 130 °C resulted in a significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower GI than that observed for 110–120 °C doughs, probably associated to the pastification that occurred at higher temperatures, which would decrease the degree of gelatinization of the starches and therefore a significant (p ≤ 0.05) GI reduction. Corn-lentil flour showed higher antioxidant properties and lower GI index in comparison with rice-lentil blends. The formulation of the optimal blend flour into a baked product (muffin) resulted in a significant loss of antioxidant properties, with the exception of the reducing power (FRAP), although the final antioxidant values of the baked product were in the range of the original native flour blend before any process.

scholarly journals Comparison of physicochemical and antioxidant properties of edible fruits in the Sundarbans’ mangrove forest, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-678
Author(s):  
M Zakir Hosen ◽  
Anirban Biswas ◽  
M Rabiul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Nazrul ◽  
Islam Bhuiyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽  
Heritiera Fomes ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Ten edible fruits of the Sunderbans’ mangrove forest in Bangladesh were analyzed to compare their physicochemical, nutritional and antioxidant properties. Among the fruits, the lowest pH of 4.2 was observed in Sonneratia caseolaris whereas the rest remains within 6.1 to 7.1. The highest electrical conductivity (596.3 μS/cm), total dissolved solid (298.2 ppm) and ash content (0.26%) were recorded in the fruit of Phoenix paludosa. Carbohydrate, protein, lipid and vitamin C contents were the highest in Avicennia officinalis, Ceriops decandra, Heritiera fomes and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza fruits, respectively. In these fruits, the most abundant macro and micro-elements were K and Fe, respectively. C. decandra showed the highest content of polyphenols (58.5 mg GAE, gallic acid equivalent/g powder), flavonoids (86.4 mg CE, (+)-catechin equivalent/g powder) and anthocyanins (0.39 μmol/g powder). C. decandra also showed the strongest DPPH free radicals scavenging, reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity. Noticeably, total polyphenols showed their strong correlation to total flavonoids (r2 = 0.90), anthocyanins (r2 = 0.81), reducing power (r2 = 0.98) and total antioxidant capacity (r2 = 0.88) of the fruits. Fruits of C. decandra, therefore, should be considered as a potential source of antioxidants followed by H. fomes and P. paludosa.

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