scholarly journals Aptitude of Oxidative Enzymes for Treatment of Wastewater Pollutants: A Laccase Perspective

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2064 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O. Unuofin ◽  
Anthony I. Okoh ◽  
Uchechukwu U. Nwodo
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Strategic Positioning ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Wastewater Pollutants ◽  
Electron Donating Groups

Natural water sources are very often contaminated by municipal wastewater discharges which contain either of xenobiotic pollutants and their sometimes more toxic degradation products, or both, which frustrates the universal millenium development goal of provision of the relatively scarce pristine freshwater to water-scarce and -stressed communities, in order to augment their socioeconomic well-being. Seeing that both regulatory measures, as regards the discharge limits of wastewater, and the query for efficient treatment methods remain unanswered, partially, the prospects of enzymatic treatment of wastewater is advisable. Therefore, a reconsideration was assigned to the possible capacity of oxidative enzymes and the respective challenges encountered during their applications in wastewater treatment, and ultimately, the prospects of laccase, a polyphenol oxidase that oxidizes aromatic and inorganic substrates with electron-donating groups in treatment aromatic contaminants of wastewater, in real wastewater situations, since it is assumed to be a vehicle for a greener community. Furthermore, the importance of laccase-driven catalysis toward maintaining mass-energy balance, hence minimizing environmental waste, was comprehensibly elucidated, as well the strategic positioning of laccase in a model wastewater treatment facility for effective treatment of wastewater contaminants.

Biological wastewater treatment followed by physicochemical treatment for the removal of fluorinated surfactants

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3208-3215 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fr. Schröder ◽  
H. J. José ◽  
W. Gebhardt ◽  
R. F. P. M. Moreira ◽  
J. Pinnekamp
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Biological Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Fluorinated Surfactants ◽  
Perfluorinated Surfactants

Perfluorinated surfactants (PFS) have become compounds of high concern during the last decade. While “conventional surfactants” are degraded to a great extent in the biological wastewater treatment process, partly or perfluorinated surfactants are not only stable against biodegradation but also against oxidizing agents, they even resist OH-radical attacks. Our objectives were to eliminate the fluorinated surfactants perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) by adsorption, separation or degradation with a balance of precursor compounds and follow-up of degradation products. Therefore, municipal wastewater was spiked with these fluorinated surfactants before membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment—applying microfiltration membranes—was performed and before permeates were treated using ozone (O3) or different advanced oxidation treatment (AOP) techniques. O3 or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), both in combination with UV radiation or in combination with catalysts, was applied. Removal by adsorption or membrane separation as well as degradation were monitored by substance specific determination and identification. High resolution mass spectrometry after high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/HRMS and -MSn) was used for analysis. Contact to Teflon® and/or glass during all analytical procedures was avoided.

Emissions of perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS) from point sources—identification of relevant branches

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Clara ◽  
S. Scharf ◽  
S. Weiss ◽  
O. Gans ◽  
C. Scheffknecht
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Perfluorinated Alkylated Substances

Effluents of wastewater treatment plants are relevant point sources for the emission of hazardous xenobiotic substances to the aquatic environment. One group of substances, which recently entered scientific and political discussions, is the group of the perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS). The most studied compounds from this group are perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS), which are the most important degradation products of PFAS. These two substances are known to be persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT). In the present study, eleven PFAS were investigated in effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and in industrial wastewaters. PFOS and PFOA proved to be the dominant compounds in all sampled wastewaters. Concentrations of up to 340 ng/L of PFOS and up to 220 ng/L of PFOA were observed. Besides these two compounds, perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) was also present in nearly all effluents and maximum concentrations of up to 280 ng/L werde measured. Only N-ethylperfluorooctane sulphonamide (N-EtPFOSA) and its degradation/metabolisation product perfluorooctane sulphonamide (PFOSA) were either detected below the limit of quantification or were not even detected at all. Beside the effluents of the municipal WWTPs, nine industrial wastewaters from six different industrial branches were also investigated. Significantly, the highest emissions or PFOS were observed from metal industry whereas paper industry showed the highest PFOA emission. Several PFAS, especially perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) and PFOS are predominantly emitted from industrial sources, with concentrations being a factor of 10 higher than those observed in the municipal WWTP effluents. Perfluorodecane sulphonate (PFDS), N-Et-PFOSA and PFOSA were not detected in any of the sampled industrial point sources.

STUDIES REGARDING THE PERFORMANCES OF MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-692
Author(s):  
Elisabeta Chirila ◽  
Ionela Carazeanu Popovici ◽  
Techin Ibadula ◽  
Alice Iordache
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes

Membrane Bioreactors for Municipal Wastewater Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (0) ◽  
pp. 9781780402925-9781780402925
Author(s):  
H. van der Roest ◽  
D. Lawrence ◽  
A. van Bentem
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment

A study about the use of chemicals in conventional tertiary treatment. Performances comparison of three municipal wastewater treatment plants and pilot plant experiences

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Iborra-Clar ◽  
J.A. Mendoza-Roca ◽  
A. Bes-Pií ◽  
J.J. Morenilla-Martínez ◽  
I. Bernácer-Bonora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Valencian Region ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Rainfall diminution in the last years has entailed water scarcity in plenty of European regions, especially in Mediterranean areas. As a consequence, regional water authorities have enhanced wastewater reclamation and reuse. Thus, the implementation of tertiary treatments has become of paramount importance in the municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of Valencian Region (Spain). Conventional tertiary treatments consist of a physico-chemical treatment of the secondary effluent followed by sand filtration and UV radiation. However, the addition of coagulants and flocculants sometimes does not contribute significantly in the final water quality. In this work, results of 20-months operation of three WWTP in Valencian Region with different tertiary treatments (two without chemicals addition and another with chemicals addition) are discussed. Besides, experiments with a 2 m3/h pilot plant located in the WWTP Quart-Benager in Valencia were performed in order to evaluate with the same secondary effluent the effect of the chemicals addition on the final water quality. Results showed that the addition of chemicals did not improve the final water quality significantly. These results were observed both comparing the three full scale plants and in the pilot plant operation.

Nanofiltration of endocrine disrupting compounds

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gallenkemper ◽  
T. Wintgens ◽  
T. Melin
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Set Up

Endocrine disrupting compounds can affect the hormone system in organisms. A wide range of endocrine disrupters were found in sewage and effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants. Toxicological evaluations indicate that conventional wastewater treatment plants are not able to remove these substances sufficiently before disposing effluent into the environment. Membrane technology, which is proving to be an effective barrier to these substances, is the subject of this research. Nanofiltration provides high quality permeates in water and wastewater treatment. Eleven different nanofiltration membranes were tested in the laboratory set-up. The observed retention for nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) ranged between 70% and 100%. The contact angle is an indicator for the hydrophobicity of a membrane, whose influence on the permeability and retention of NP was evident. The retention of BPA was found to be inversely proportional to the membrane permeability.

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