scholarly journals Novel Photocatalytic Nanocomposite Made of Polymeric Carbon Nitride and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Koltsov ◽  
Jacek Wojnarowicz ◽  
Piotr Nyga ◽  
Julita Smalc-Koziorowska ◽  
Svitlana Stelmakh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Rapid Heating ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Phenol Degradation ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Polymeric Carbon

Semiconducting polymers are promising materials for photocatalysis, batteries, fuel applications, etc. One of the most useful photocatalysts is polymeric carbon nitride (PCN), which is usually produced during melamine condensation. In this work, a novel method of obtaining a PCN nanocomposite, in which PCN forms an amorphous layer coating on oxide nanoparticles, is presented. Microwave hydrothermal synthesis (MHS) was used to synthesize a homogeneous mixture of nanoparticles consisting of 80 wt.% AlOOH and 20 wt.% of ZrO2. The nanopowders were mechanically milled with melamine, and the mixture was annealed in the temperature range of 400–600 °C with rapid heating and cooling. The above procedure lowers PCN formation to 400 °C. The following nanocomposite properties were investigated: band gap, specific surface area, particle size, morphology, phase composition, chemical composition, and photocatalytic activity. The specific surface of the PCN nanocomposite was as high as 70 m2/g, and the optical band gap was 3 eV. High photocatalytic activity in phenol degradation was observed. The proposed simple method, as well as the low-cost preparation procedure, permits the exploitation of PCN as a polymer semiconductor photocatalytic material.

scholarly journals Optimized Synthesis Temperature and Time to Obtain Crystalline Carbon Nitride with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity for Phenol Degradation

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1392
Author(s):  
Leny Yuliati ◽  
Mohd Hayrie Mohd Hatta ◽  
Siew Ling Lee ◽  
Hendrik Oktendy Lintang
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Phenol Degradation ◽  
Synthesis Temperature ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Synthesis Time ◽  
Gap Energy

In this work, the crystalline carbon nitride photocatalysts were synthesized by an ionothermal technique with varied synthesis temperature of 500, 550, and 600 °C, and synthesis time of 2, 4, and 6 h. Fourier transform infrared spectra showed the successful formation of the prepared carbon nitrides from their characteristic vibration peaks. X-ray diffraction patterns suggested that the same phase of poly(triazine imide) and heptazine could be observed, but with different crystallinity. The optical properties showed that different temperatures and synthesis time resulted in the different band gap energy (2.72–3.02 eV) as well as the specific surface area (24–73 m2 g–1). The transmission electron microscopy image revealed that the crystalline carbon nitride has a near-hexagonal prismatic crystallite size of about 50 nm. Analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography showed that the best photocatalytic activity for phenol degradation under solar light simulator was obtained on the crystalline carbon nitride prepared at the 550 °C for 4 h, which would be due to the high crystallinity, suitable low band gap energy (2.82 eV), and large specific surface area (73 m2 g–1). Controlling both the temperature and synthesis time is shown to be important to obtain the best physicochemical properties leading to high activity.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic activity of a new composite material of Fe (III) oxide nanoparticles wrapped by a matrix of polymeric carbon nitride and amorphous carbon

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 630-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto C. Dante ◽  
Francisco M. Sánchez-Arévalo ◽  
Lazaro Huerta ◽  
Florinella Muñoz-Bisesti ◽  
Diana Marquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Polymeric Carbon

Doping-induced enhancement of crystallinity in polymeric carbon nitride nanosheets to improve their visible-light photocatalytic activity

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6876-6885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Yuan Li ◽  
Bing-Xin Zhou ◽  
Hua-Wei Zhang ◽  
Shao-Fang Ma ◽  
Wei-Qing Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Utilization Ratio ◽  
Carbon Nitride Nanosheets ◽  
Polymeric Carbon ◽  
Visible Light Photocatalytic

Structural defects can greatly inhibit electron transfer in two-dimensional (2D) layered polymeric carbon nitride (CN), seriously lowering its utilization ratio of photogenerated charges during photocatalysis.

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane as a recyclable soft template to synthesize mesoporous polymeric carbon nitride with enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Liang ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Xiaojia Zhuang ◽  
Zicheng Tang ◽  
Haiping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane ◽  
Soft Template ◽  
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Oligomeric Silsesquioxane ◽  
Polymeric Carbon

A novel recyclable template was used to prepare mesoporous polymeric carbon nitride with prominently increased specific surface area and photoactivity.

Effect of Anatase/Rutile Phase Ratio on the Photodegradation of Methylene Blue under UV Irradiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 998 ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
Yi Yi Zaw ◽  
Du Ang Dao Channei ◽  
Thotsaphon Threrujirapapong ◽  
Wilawan Khanitchaidecha ◽  
Auppatham Nakaruk
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Rutile Phase

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is known as one of the widely used catalysts in photocatalysis process. Recently, the photocatalysis of TiO2 has been implied in water purification and treatment, particularly dyes and organic compounds degradations. Naturally, the TiO2 can be found in three phases including anatase, rutile and brookite; each phase has its own specific properties such as grain size, stability and band gap energy. In this work, the effect of calcination temperature on the structure, morphology and photocatalytic activity were investigated. The data suggested that the anatase/rutile ratio of TiO2 can be controlled through the calcination process. The phase transformation data strongly indicated the liner function between percentage of rutile phase and calcination temperature. The BET analysis provided the consistent data with XRD patterns by showing that the specific surface area was decreased by increasing calcination temperature. The photodegradation of methylene blue under UV irradiation proved that the mixed phase of anatase/rutile ratio at 78.5/21.5 provided the highest photocatalytic activity. The phase composition ratio can influence the nanoparticles properties including band gap, specific surface area and energy band structure. Therefore, the control of anatase/rutile ratio was an alternative to enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles for dyes and organic compounds degradations.

scholarly journals Conjugated Electron Donor–Acceptor Hybrid Polymeric Carbon Nitride as a Photocatalyst for CO2 Reduction

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Hayat ◽  
Mati Ur Rahman ◽  
Iltaf Khan ◽  
Javid Khan ◽  
Muhammad Sohail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Molecular Orbital ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Base Functions ◽  
Activity Performance ◽  
Donor Acceptor ◽  
Polymeric Carbon

This work incorporates a variety of conjugated donor-acceptor (DA) co-monomers such as 2,6-diaminopurine (DP) into the structure of a polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) backbone using a unique nanostructure co-polymerization strategy and examines its photocatalytic activity performance in the field of photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO and H2 under visible light irradiation. The as-synthesized samples were successfully analyzed using different characterization methods to explain their electronic and optical properties, crystal phase, microstructure, and their morphology that influenced the performance due to the interactions between the PCN and the DPco-monomer. Based on the density functional theory (DFT) calculation result, pure PCN and CNU-DP15.0 trimers (interpreted as incorporation of the co-monomer at two different positions) were extensively evaluated and exhibited remarkable structural optimization without the inclusion of any symmetry constraints (the non-modified sample derived from urea, named as CNU), and their optical and electronic properties were also manipulated to control occupation of their respective highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). Also, co-polymerization of the donor–acceptor 2,6-diamino-purine co-monomer with PCN influenced the chemical affinities, polarities, and acid–base functions of the PCN, remarkably enhancing the photocatalytic activity for the production of CO and H2 from CO2 by 15.02-fold compared than that of the parental CNU, while also improving the selectivity.

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