scholarly journals Review of Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Lannea schweinfurthii (Engl.) Engl.

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Maroyi
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
American Chemical Society ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activities ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses

Lannea schweinfurthii is a valuable medicinal plant species among different ethnic groups in tropical Africa. The aim of the current study was to review existing literature on the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of L. schweinfurthii in an effort to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the species. The relevant information on the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of L. schweinfurthii was generated from several sources including books, book chapters, theses, scientific reports and journal articles obtained from the library and internet sources such as SciFinder, Wiley, Web of Science, American Chemical Society publications, PubMed, BMC, Elsevier, Science Direct, Scielo and Scopus. Traditionally, L. schweinfurthii is used against reproductive system disorders, respiratory disorders, injuries, headache, blood system disorders, infections or infestations and gastro-intestinal disorders. The phytochemical compounds that have been isolated from L. schweinfurthii include alkaloids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids. The in vitro and animal studies carried out so far from the crude extracts and compounds isolated from the species exhibited acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, anti-apoptotic, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-giardial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal, hepatoprotective, larvicidal and cytotoxicity activities. Detailed ethnopharmacological studies emphasizing clinical and toxicological evaluations are needed to assess efficacy and safety of the species as herbal medicine.

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF THE ETHNOMEDICINAL USES, PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF EKEBERGIA CAPENSIS SPARRM

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Alfred Maroyi
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Gastrointestinal Problems ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activities ◽  
The University ◽  
Parasitic Worms ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses ◽  
Conference Papers

Ekebergia capensis is an integral part of indigenous pharmacopeia in tropical Africa. The present study critically reviewed the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of E. capensis. The keywords including E. capensis, its synonyms, English common names, ethnomedicinal uses, and phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of the species were searched using electronic databases such as ISI web of knowledge, ProQuest, science direct, OATD, Scopus, Open-thesis, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Pre-electronic literature of conference papers, scientific articles, books, book chapters, dissertations, and theses was carried out at the University Library. Literature studies revealed that E. capensis is mainly used as herbal medicine against fever and malaria, gastrointestinal problems, pain, parasitic worms, reproductive problems in women, respiratory problems, and skin diseases. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include alkaloids, anthraquinones, coumarins, flavonoids, glycoflavonoids, glycosides, iridoids, limonoids, polyphenols, phytosteroids, pregnane, saponins, tannins, and withanolides. Pharmacological studies revealed that E. capensis extracts and compounds have acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, antigonococcal, antimycobacterial, antimycoplasmal, antihypertensive, antioxidant, antimalarial and antiplasmodial, antischistosomal, antitrypanosomal, and antiviral and cytotoxicity activities. Although pharmacological evaluations carried out so far have confirmed the potency of E. capensis crude extracts and compounds, detailed studies are required aimed at establishing the efficacy, clinical relevance, safety, and mechanisms of action of the plant extracts and compounds.

scholarly journals Insights into the Chemical Discovery of Remifentanil

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 1229-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
American Chemical Society ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Opioid Agonist ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Long Acting

Abstract Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Ultrashort- to Long-acting Opioid Analgetics. By Feldman PL, James MK, Brackeen MF, Bilotta JM, Schuster SV, Lahey AP, Lutz MW, Johnson MR, Leighton HJ. J Med Chem 1991; 34:2202-8. Copyright 1991 American Chemical Society. Reprinted with permission. In an effort to discover a potent ultrashort-acting µ-opioid analgetic that is capable of metabolizing to an inactive species independent of hepatic function, several classes of 4-anilidopiperidine analgetics were synthesized and evaluated. One series of compounds displayed potent µ-opioid agonist activity with a high degree of analgesic efficacy and an ultrashort to long duration of action. These analgetics, 4-(methoxycarbonyl)-4-[1-oxopropyl)phenylamino]-1-piperidinepropanoic acid alkyl esters, were evaluated in vitro in the guinea pig ileum for µ-opioid activity, in vivo in the rat tail withdrawal assay for analgesic efficacy and duration of action, and in vitro in human whole blood for their ability to be metabolized in blood. Compounds in this series were all shown to be potent µ agonists in vitro, but depending upon the alkyl ester substitution, the potency and duration of action in vivo varied substantially. The discrepancies between the in vitro and in vivo activities and variations in duration of action are probably due to different rates of ester hydrolysis by blood esterase(s). The [structure–activity relationships] with respect to analgesic activity and duration of action as a function of the various esters synthesized is discussed. It was also demonstrated that the duration of action for the ultrashort-acting analgetic, 8, does not change upon prolonged infusion or administration of multiple bolus injections.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activity of the Ethanolic Extract of Cyperus articulatus var. nodosus Residue

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 889
Author(s):  
Francisco Flávio Vieira de Assis ◽  
Nazaré Carneiro da Silva ◽  
Waldiney Pires Moraes ◽  
Lauro Euclides Soares Barata ◽  
Antonio Humberto Hamad Minervino
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Commercial Purpose ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activities

Cyperus articulatus L. is popularly known as priprioca. Its rhizomes are used as a medicine in the treatment of malaria in traditional medicine. Since priprioca oil is extracted for commercial purpose, we evaluated if the components from the priprioca residue can be a source of antiplasmodial active molecules. This study aimed to determine the in vitro antiplasmodial and cytotoxicity activities of the ethanolic extract of C. articulatus as an in vitro antiplasmodial agent. From the solid residue of the plant rhizomes, 40 g samples were removed and subjected to hot extraction using a Soxhlet extractor. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity was determined using the W2 and 3D7 strains of P. falciparum. The phytochemical study identified the following main compounds: corymbolone (14.25%), cyclocolorenone (9.75%), and cadalene (8.36%). The extract exhibited moderate IC50 (inhibitory concentration) against the two strains of P. falciparum: 1.21 ± 0.01 against the W2 strain and 1.10 ± 0.06 µg/mL against the 3D7 strain. Our results show the therapeutic potential of priprioca residue as a low-cost antiplasmodial agent.

A Review of Saurauia roxburghii Wall. (Actinidiacaea) as a Traditional Medicinal Plant, Its Phytochemical Study and Therapeutic Potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 2036-2051
Author(s):  
Afsana Nahrin ◽  
Md. Junaid ◽  
Syeda Samira Afrose ◽  
Muhammad Shaiful Alam ◽  
S.M. Zahid Hosen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Corosolic Acid

Saurauia roxburghii Wall. is an interesting plant, found growing chiefly along the eastern and south-eastern countries of Asia. The various ethnic groups of these regions use the plant as a medication for relieving a wide spectrum of diseases and conditions, including indigestion, boils, fever, gout, piles, eczema, asthma, ulcers, bronchitis, epilepsy, and hepatitis B. This review aims to appraise the vernacular information, botanical characterization, geographical distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of S. roxburghii as well as to conduct a critical analysis on the findings. To understand the therapeutic potential and provide an overall idea about the ethnomedicinal practices, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of S. roxburghii, relevant information was collected via a library and electronic search of online journals, books, and reputed databases. Phytochemical examination revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, O-glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponins, steroids, reducing sugars, tannins, phlobatannins, and triterpenoids. The sterols were identified as Stigmasterol and beta-Sitosterol. The triterpenes were found to be Ursolic acid, Corosolic acid, Maslinic acid, 24-Hydroxy corosolic acid, 3b,7b,24-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid, Oleanolic acid, beta-Amyrin, cis-3-O-p-Hydroxycinnamoyl ursolic acid, trans-3-O-p- Hydroxycinnamoyl ursolic acid, and 7,24-dihydroxyursolic acid. Several in-vivo and in-vitro tests revealed anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, and anti-viral activities of the plant leaves. Detailed analysis of the information collected on S. roxburghii suggested some promising leads for future drug development. However, many scientific gaps were found in the study of this and further extensive investigation is needed to fully understand the mechanism of action of the active constituents and exploit its therapeutic promises.

Dichrostachys cinerea: Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities - A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofentse Mazimba ◽  
Tebogo E. Kwape ◽  
Goabaone Gaobotse
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Dichrostachys Cinerea ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses

: Indigenous and medicinal plants have proven crucial to the health of mankind for a very long time. Dichrostachys cinerea is a traditional herb used in the treatment of a variety of human diseases in African and Indian traditional medicine. This paper reviews the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical constituents, pharmacology and toxicity of D. cinerea, in order to provide scientific consensus for further research and exploitation of its therapeutic potential of this plant. Information was accessed by literature searches in different sources including Science direct, PubMed and Google Scholar. The findings of this review paper highlight D. Cinerea as an important component of African and Indian traditional medicine. D. cinerea is traditionally used in the treatment of rheumatism, diabetes, coughs, asthma, kidney disorders, gonorrhea, syphilis, malaria, tuberculosis, epilepsy, snake bites, pains, wounds, boils, burns, toothache, headache, and scabies. D. cinerea displays a diverse phytochemistry, with a wide range of isolated compounds that have well documented biological activities. D. cinerea has demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo biological activities. In vitro biological activities exhibited include enzyme inhibition, antibacterial, anti-fungal and anti-malarial activities. In vivo activities demonstrated by D. cinerea include anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrheal, anti-analgesic, hepatoprotective, anti-uro lithiatic, anti-lice, anti-dandruff and neuropharmacological activities. Animal studies have elucidated non-toxicity of D. cinerea for the ethanol root extract and methanol and water leaf extracts. It is vital that future studies on D. cinerea focus on the mechanisms of action behind these biological activities for both the crude extract and its individual chemical compounds. These studies could possibly lead to clinical trials to confirm biological activities found in animal studies. Further studies on multi-target network pharmacology, and molecular docking technology of D. cinerea sub fractions for enzyme inhibitions and neuropharmacological activities are of great importance and could accelerate the process of pharmaceutical development of this plant.

Angiogenic Growth Factors: Their Effects and Potential in Soft Tissue Wound Healing

1992 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Hom ◽  
Robert H. Maisel
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Angiogenic Growth Factors

Since their discovery 30 years ago, angiogenic growth factors have been demonstrated to stimulate neovascularization in vitro and in animal studies. Over the last decade, knowledge gained in the field of angiogenic growth factors has grown immensely. These angiogenic growth factors exist in four major families: fibroblast growth factor (FGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Each has the ability to induce soft tissue vascularization in microgram quantities. In animal models, FGF, TGF-β, PDGF, and EGF have been shown to enhance soft tissue wound healing. In human clinical trials, EGF and a mixture of PDGFs have been demonstrated to accelerate epidermal regeneration in cutaneous wounds. These factors have considerable therapeutic potential in the areas of soft tissue wound healing and otolaryngology. This article reviews important aspects of angiogenic growth factors and discusses their future potential in soft tissue wound healing.

Bispecific antibodies targeting cancer cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Peipp ◽  
T. Valerius
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antibody Therapy ◽  
Fc Receptor ◽  
Bispecific Antibodies ◽  
Immune Effector ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
New Treatment

In recent years, antibody therapy has become a new treatment modality for tumour patients, although the majority of responses are only partial and not long lasting. Based on evidence that effector-cell-mediated mechanisms significantly contribute to antibody efficacy in vivo, several approaches are currently persued to improve the interaction between Fc receptor-expressing effector cells and tumour target antigens. These approaches include application of Fc receptor-directed bispecific antibodies, which contain one specificity for a tumour-related antigen and another for a cytotoxic Fc receptor on immune effector cells. Thereby, bispecific antibodies selectively engage cytotoxic trigger molecules on killer cells, avoiding, for example, interaction with inhibitory Fc receptors. In vitro, chemically linked bispecific antibodies directed against the Fcγ receptors FcγRIII (CD16) and FcγRI (CD64), and the Fc α receptor FcαRI (CD89), were significantly more effective than conventional IgG antibodies. Recent animal studies confirmed the therapeutic potential of these constructs. However, results from clinical trials have been less promising so far and have revealed clear limitations of these molecules, such as short plasma half-lives compared with conventional antibodies. In this review, we briefly summarize the scientific background for bispecific antibodies, and describe the rationale for the generation of novel recombinant molecules. These constructs may allow us to more specifically tailor pharmacokinetic properties to the demands of clinical applications.

scholarly journals Anti-Diabetes Mellitus Potential Compounds Of Flavonoid Citrus Peel: A Review On Mechanism

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-74
Author(s):  
Donny Risnanda Herdien ◽  
Cahaya Azzahra Rahmadhani ◽  
Septia Nurmala ◽  
Arry Yanuar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
American Chemical Society ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Citrus Peel ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Terapi diabetes dengan obat anti diabetes (OAD) yang umum digunakan memiliki efek samping yang tidak diinginkan serta masih tingginya harga OAD menjadi permasalahan, sehingga perlu dicari atau dikembangkan alternatif OAD lain yang lebih aman, efektif, dan murah. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan secara in vitro dan in vivo, flavonoid memiliki khasiat dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Kulit buah jeruk mengandung banyak senyawa flavonoid. Namun pemanfaatannya belum maksimal walaupun jumlah produksi jeruk dunia sangat tinggi.  Penulisan review ini bertujuan untuk mengulas informasi terkini mengenai efek flavonoid pada kulit jeruk dalam manajemen diabetes serta mekanisme molekulernya. Sebuah tinjauan pustaka dilakukan menggunakan database elektronik Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan American Chemical Society mencakup literatur terbaru dengan tahun publikasi penelitian dari 2010 sampai sekarang. Beberapa kata kunci dikombinasikan untuk memastikan semua penelitian in vitro dan in vivo didapatkan. Kata kunci yang digunakan: “citrus peel”, “flavonoid”, “diabetes melitus”, “mechanism”, dan “blood glucose”.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan peneliti sebelumnya didapatkan bahwa flavonoid kulit jeruk dapat memperbaiki metabolisme glukosa, aktivitas enzim hati, pensinyalan insulin dan regulasi lipogenesis, memperbaiki kerusakan pada sel islet pankreas dan stimulasi sekresi insulin, dan melindungi dari penyakit komplikasi diabetes. Secara keseluruhan, flavonoid kulit jeruk sebagai antidiabetes yang dapat mencegah peningkatan kadar gula darah dan menurunkan resistensi insulin. Flavonoid berperan dalam penghambatan enzim yang utamanya merupakan mekanisme utama obat-obatan dan juga penghambatan pada level ekspresi gen dan sifatnya sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai keamanan dan efikasi flavonoid dibutuhkan untuk pengembangan flavonoid kulit buah jeruk sebagai terapi alternatif diabetes melitus.  

scholarly journals Polydimethylsiloxane mechanical properties: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 952-973
Author(s):  
Inês Teixeira ◽  
◽  
Inês Castro ◽  
Violeta Carvalho ◽  
Cristina Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
American Chemical Society ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Thermal Coefficient ◽  
Lab On Chip ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
On Chip

<abstract> <p>Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been a promising material for microfluidic, particularly in lab-on-chip. Due to the panoply of good physical, mechanical and chemical properties, namely, viscosity, modulus of elasticity, colour, thermal conductivity, thermal coefficient of expansion, its application has been increasingly requested in quite different areas. Despite such characteristics, there are also some drawbacks associated, and to overcome them, several strategies have been developed to modify PDMS. Given the great variety of relevant conducted research in this field, the present work aims to gather the most relevant information, the advantages and disadvantages of some of the techniques used, and also identify potential gaps and challenges in it. To this end, a systematic literature review was conducted by collecting data from four different databases, Science Direct, American Chemical Society, Scopus, and Springer. Two authors independently screened the references, extracted the key information, and assessed the quality of the included studies. After the analysis of the collected data, 25 studies were selected that addressed the various mechanical properties of PDMS and how to modify them in order to suit a particular application.</p> </abstract>

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