scholarly journals Antioxidant, α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities and Potential Constituents of Canarium tramdenum Bark

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Quan ◽  
Tran Xuan ◽  
Hoang-Dung Tran ◽  
Nguyen Thuy ◽  
Le Trang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent

The fruits of Canarium tramdenum are commonly used as foods and cooking ingredients in Vietnam, Laos, and the southeast region of China, whilst the leaves are traditionally used for treating diarrhea and rheumatism. This study was conducted to investigate the potential use of this plant bark as antioxidants, and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors. Five different extracts of C. tramdenum bark (TDB) consisting of the extract (TDBS) and factional extracts hexane (TDBH), ethyl acetate (TDBE), butanol (TDBB), and water (TDBW) were evaluated. The TDBS extract contained the highest amount of total phenolic (112.14 mg gallic acid equivalent per g dry weight), while the TDBB extract had the most effective antioxidant capacity compared to other extracts. Its IC50 values were 12.33, 47.87, 33.25, and 103.74 µg/mL in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (ABTS), reducing power (RP), and nitric oxide (NO) assays, respectively. Meanwhile, the lipid peroxidation inhibition of the four above extracts was proximate to that of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as a standard antioxidant. The result of porcine pancreatic α-amylase inhibition showed that TDB extracts have promising effects which are in line with the commercial diabetic inhibitor acarbose. Interestingly, the inhibitory ability on α-glucosidase of all the extracts was higher than that of acarbose. Among the extracts, the TDBB extract expressed the strongest activity on the enzymatic reaction (IC50 = 18.93 µg/mL) followed by the TDBW extract (IC50 = 25.27 µg/mL), TDBS (IC50 = 28.17 µg/mL), and TDBE extract (IC50 = 141.37 µg/mL). The phytochemical constituents of the TDB extract were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The principal constituents included nine phenolics, eight terpenoids, two steroids, and five compounds belonging to other chemical classes, which were the first reported in this plant. Among them, the presence of α- and β-amyrins were identified by GC-MS and appeared as the most dominant constituents in TDB extracts (1.52 mg/g). The results of this study revealed that C. tramdenum bark possessed rich phenolics and terpenoids, which might confer on reducing risks from diabetes. A high quantity of α- and β-amyrins highlighted the potentials of anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-tumor, and hepatoprotective properties of C. tramdenum bark.

scholarly journals Biological Activities of Selected Plants and Detection of Bioactive Compounds from Ardisia elliptica Using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 3067
Author(s):  
Pei Lou Wong ◽  
Nurul Azila Fauzi ◽  
Siti Norhamimah Mohamed Yunus ◽  
Nur Ashikin Abdul Hamid ◽  
Siti Zulaikha Abd Ghafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Q Exactive ◽  
Ardisia Elliptica

Plants and plant-based products have been used for a long time for medicinal purposes. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and anti-α-glucosidase activities of eight selected underutilized plants in Malaysia: Leucaena leucocephala, Muntingia calabura, Spondias dulcis, Annona squamosa, Ardisia elliptica, Cynometra cauliflora, Ficus auriculata, and Averrhoa bilimbi. This study showed that the 70% ethanolic extract of all plants exhibited total phenolic content (TPC) ranging from 51 to 344 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight. A. elliptica showed strong 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activities, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 2.17 and 49.43 μg/mL, respectively. Most of the tested plant extracts showed higher inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme activity than the standard, quercetin, particularly A. elliptica, F. auriculata, and M. calabura extracts with IC50 values of 0.29, 0.36, and 0.51 μg/mL, respectively. A total of 62 metabolites including flavonoids, triterpenoids, benzoquinones, and fatty acids were tentatively identified in the most active plant, i.e., A. elliptica leaf extract, by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)–electrospray ionization (ESI) Orbitrap MS. This study suggests a potential natural source of antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitors from A. elliptica.

scholarly journals Antioxidant, Anti-tyrosinase, Anti-α-amylase, and Cytotoxic Potentials of the Invasive Weed Andropogon virginicus

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
La Hoang Anh ◽  
Nguyen Van Quan ◽  
Vu Quang Lam ◽  
Yu Iuchi ◽  
Akiyoshi Takami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Andropogon Virginicus

Andropogon virginicus is an invasive weed that seriously threatens agricultural production and economics worldwide. In this research, dried aerial parts of A. virginicus were extracted, applying Soxhlet and liquid-liquid phase methods to acquire the total crude (T-Anvi), hexane (H-Anvi), ethyl acetate (E-Anvi), butanol (B-Anvi), and water (W-Anvi) extracts, respectively. In which, T-Anvi contains the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents (24.80 mg gallic acid and 37.40 mg rutin equivalents per g dry weight, respectively). Via anti-radical (ABTS and DPPH), and reducing power assays, E-Anvi exhibits the most potent activities (IC50 = 13.96, 43.59 and 124.11 µg/mL, respectively), stronger than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a standard antioxidant, while the lipid peroxidation inhibitory effect of E-Anvi (LPI = 90.85% at the concentration of 500 µg/mL) is close to BHT. E-Anvi shows the most substantial inhibition (IC50 = 2.58 mg/mL) on tyrosinase. Notably, α-amylase is significantly suppressed by H-Anvi (IC50 = 0.72 mg/mL), over twice stronger than the positive control, palmitic acid. In the cytotoxic assay, E-Anvi is the strongest extract inhibiting K562 cells (IC50 = 112.01 µg/mL). Meanwhile, T-Anvi shows the highest prevention on Meg-01 expansion (IC50 = 91.40 µg/mL). Dominant compounds detected in E-Anvi by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) are identified as flavonoids. However, among four major compounds identified in H-Anvi by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), palmitic acid and phytol are the most abundant compounds with peak areas of 27.97% and 16.42%, respectively. In essence, this is the first report describing that A. virginicus is a potential natural source of antioxidants, tyrosinase and α-amylase inhibitors, and anti-chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) agents which may be useful in future therapeutics as promising alternative medicines.

scholarly journals Inclusion of Ethanol Extract of Mesquite Leaves to Enhance the Oxidative Stability of Pork Patties

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Irene Ramírez-Rojo ◽  
Rey David Vargas-Sánchez ◽  
Brisa del Mar Torres-Martínez ◽  
Gastón Ramón Torrescano-Urrutia ◽  
José Manuel Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Pork Patties

The lipid oxidation (LOX) of pork meat has been associated with loss of quality and shorter shelf life. Consequently, synthetic antioxidants have been used to reduce this process, but their use has shown potential health risks. Thus, the use of natural ingredients has been suggested as a strategy to prevent LOX. This study aimed to assess the oxidative stability of pork patties treated with ethanol extract of mesquite leaf (EEML) during storage. Furthermore, the polyphenol composition (TPC, total phenolic, TFC, total flavonoid) and antioxidant activity (antiradical and reducing power activity) of EEML were also evaluated. For this study, five treatments (CN (control), without antioxidant; Asc, ascorbic acid 0.02%; BHT, butylated hydroxytoluene 0.02%; EEML1, 0.05%; and EEML2, 0.1%) of pork patties were applied. Patty samples were stored at 4 °C, and physicochemical parameters, lipid oxidation, total antioxidant capacity of the meat, and sensory analysis were evaluated at 0, 3, 7, and 10 days of storage. EEML presented high values of TPC (278.5 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g) and TFC (226.8 mg rutin equivalents (RE)/g) levels. The addition of EEML did not modify the chemical composition of the pork patties. On the other hand, colour parameters were affected by the inclusion of EEML in pork patties, presenting the lowest a* in the CN group compared to the other groups after 10 days storage. Lipid oxidation increased during the whole period, showing the lowest (P < 0.05) conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values (40% and 90% of inhibition, respectively) compared to the CN group. Regarding sensory analysis, there were no significant differences in colour, appearance, odour, flavour, juiciness, fat sensation, and firmness of the cooked pork patties among treatments. These results suggest that EEML has great potential as a natural antioxidant for meat products.

scholarly journals Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Phymatopteris hastata

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1485-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Su ◽  
Peiyuan Li ◽  
Lini Huo ◽  
Caiying Wu ◽  
Nana Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Alcohol Extract

Various solvent extracts of Phymatopteris hastata, a traditional Chinese medicinal material, were screened for their antioxidant activities. Four systems of in vitro testing were employed to investigate the antiradical and antioxidant effect, i.e., the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) systems, the hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and the reducing power. In addition, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a widely used synthetic antioxidant, was also studied for comparison. The results revealed that the ethyl acetate extract exhibited outstanding antioxidant activities, which was close or even superior to BHT. Furthermore, the total phenolic (TP) and total flavonoid (TF) contents of different extracts were measured, expressed as gallic acid and rutin equivalent, respectively. The antioxidant activities and the TP/TF content of different extracts followed the same order: ethyl acetate extract > butyl alcohol extract > petroleum ether extract, showing a good correlation between the antioxidant activities and the TP/TF content. The results showed that these extracts, especially the ethyl acetate extract, were rich in phenolics and flavonoids and could be considered as natural antioxidants.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Thymus fontanesii Essential Oil from Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sid Ali Lamia ◽  
Brada Moussa ◽  
Fauconnier Marie-Laure ◽  
Lognay Georges
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Electromagnetic Induction ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The People ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ic50 Values

Background: Thymus fontanesii is one of the important Algerian plants, used traditionally to treat the cough and cold. In addition, it may help to protect the people against lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress and can be used as an antioxidant agent for the preservation of processed food. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of Algerian Thymus fontanesii essential oil and to test its antioxidant activity. Methods: The oil was extracted by electromagnetic induction (EMI) heating assisted extraction and by hydrodistillation, and was analysed by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC/FID) and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by three assays mainly: DPPH assay, reducing power and β-carotene/linoleic acid. Results: The yield of the essential oil was varied from 2.1 ± 0.3 to 3.1 ± 0.1% (w/w), and from 1.8 ± 0.01 to 2.6 ± 0.02% (w/w), for the electromagnetic induction heating assisted extraction and hydrodistillation, respectively. Twenty seven components were identified representing 95.6 - 99.9% of the oil. Carvacrol (54.7 ± 1.2 - 63.9 ± 1.9%) was the major compound followed by p-cymene (9.2 ± 1.2 - 17.5 ± 1.2%) and γ-terpinene (8.8 ± 0.9 - 14.9 ± 0.8%). The Thymus fontanesii essential oil was found as a significant antioxidant with IC50 values ranging from 57.3 ± 1.4 to 236.7 ± 1.4 μg/mL, which were higher than that of butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) choosing as reference (9.1 ± 1.2 to 67.8 ± 0.1 μg/mL). Conclusion: The obtained results encourage the use of Thymus species with bioactive compounds for further food applications.

scholarly journals Physiological, morphological and phytochemical responses of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) populations to salt stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gita Mirniyam ◽  
Mehdi Rahimmalek ◽  
Ahmad Arzani ◽  
Parisa Yavari ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Ehtemam
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Trachyspermum Ammi ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Abstract Twenty-eight populations of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) were evaluated for morphological traits and oil yield in two consecutive years. Then, selected ajowan populations that revealed medium and high oil yield and higher seed weight in two years were selected for further studies. These were assessed for physiological traits, total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity under four salt treatments control, 60, 90, and 120 mM NaCl. The essential oil composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) Thymol (32.7-54.29%), γ -terpinene (21.71–32.81%), and p-cymene (18.74–26.16%) were major components. The highest and lowest thymol were recorded for Qazvin (control) and Qazvin (Low salt concentration), respectively. Salt stress caused an increase in essential oil content of Esfahfo and Qazvin populations. The highest phenolic and flavonoid contents were found in Arak population grown in 60 mM NaCl (183.83 mg TAE g− 1 DW) and Yazd population grown in 90 mM NaCl (5.94 mg QE g− 1 DW). Moreover, Yazd population exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity based on DPPH (IC50 = 1566µg/mL) under 60 mM NaCl and the highest reducing power (0.69 nm) under 120 mM NaCl. Overall, the results revealed that low and moderate salt stress improves the phytochemicals of ajowan, being especially useful for pharmaceutical and food applications.

scholarly journals Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Myrtus communis L. Pericarp

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Bouaoudia-Madi ◽  
Lila Boulekbache-Makhlouf ◽  
Khodir Madani ◽  
Artur M.S. Silva ◽  
Sofiane Dairi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Myrtus Communis ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction of phenolics from pericap of Myrtus communis using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The results were compared with those obtained by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and conventional solvent extraction (CSE) methods. The individual compounds of the optimized extract obtained by UAE were identified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn). The yield of total phenolic compounds (TPC) was affected more significantly by ethanol concentration, irradiation time, liquid solvent-to-solid ratio (p < 0.0001) and amplitude (p = 0.0421) and optimal parameters conditions set by the RSM model were 70% (v/v), 7.5 min and 30%, respectively. The experimental yield of TPC (241.66 ± 12.77 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight) confirmed the predicted value (235.52 ± 9.9 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight), allowing also to confirm the model validity. Under optimized conditions, UAE was more efficient than MAE and CSE in extracting antioxidants, which comprised mostly myricetin glycosides. Globally, the present work demonstrated that, compared to MAE and CSE, UAE is an efficient method for phenolic extraction from M. communis pericarp, enabling to reduce the working time and the solvent consumption.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Capacities of Jujube Fruit Seeds and Peel Pulp

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 6007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Sheng Lin ◽  
Wen-Shin Lin ◽  
Jing-Wen Tung ◽  
Ya-Chih Cheng ◽  
Min-Yun Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Jujube Fruit

In this study, the effects of different fruit parts and extraction conditions on the antioxidant properties of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit were investigated. Five in vitro antioxidant models and statistical analyses were performed. The results revealed that jujube peel with pulp (peel pulp) exhibited better antioxidant capacity than did seeds. Overall, jujube peel pulp extracted using 50% ethanol at 60 °C exhibited the best antioxidant capacity in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (0.3 ± 0 mg/mL), 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity (0.5 ± 0 mg/mL), total phenolic content (38.3 ± 0.4 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram dry weight), total flavonoid content (43.8 ± 0.2 mg quercetin equivalent per gram dry weight), and reducing power (41.9 ± 2.2 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per gram dry weight). The results indicated that jujube peel pulp is a more potential natural antioxidant than seeds.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Different Parts of Zingiber kerrii Craib and Their Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aknarin Pintatum ◽  
Surat Laphookhieo ◽  
Emilie Logie ◽  
Wim Vanden Berghe ◽  
Wisanu Maneerat
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Frap Assay ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Diammonium Salt ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Weak Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Hacat Cell Lines

The essential oils of the fresh rhizomes; flowers; and leaves of Zingiber kerrii Craib were investigated using different extraction techniques; including solid-phase microextraction (SPME), hydrodistillation (HD), and organic solvent (OS), and characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). A total of 37 SPME; 19 HD; and 36 OS compounds were identified from the rhizome extract of Z. kerrii; with the major components being α-pinene; β-pinene; and terpinen-4-ol; respectively. From the flower extract; 16 SPME; 2 HD; and 10 OS compounds were identified; (E)-caryophyllene was found as a major compound by these techniques. The leaf extract exhibited 20 SPME; 13 HD; and 14 OS compounds; with α-pinene; (E)-caryophyllene; and n-hexadecanoic acid being the major compounds; respectively. The rhizome extract showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity of 71.60% and a total phenolic content of 22.4 mg gallic acid/g. The IC50 values of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assays were 25.2 µg/mL and 153.6 µg/mL; respectively; and the ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay value was 318.5 µM ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g extract. The rhizome extract showed weak antibacterial activity. This extract showed no adverse toxicity in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell lines at concentrations below 200 µg/mL.

scholarly journals Propolis Extract as Antioxidant to Improve Oxidative Stability of Fresh Patties during Refrigerated Storage

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rey Vargas-Sánchez ◽  
Gastón Torrescano-Urrutia ◽  
Brisa Torres-Martínez ◽  
Mirian Pateiro ◽  
José Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Pork Patties

The effect of propolis ethanol extract (PEE), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and ascorbic acid (Asc) against lipid (Lox) and protein oxidation (Pox), color deterioration, and the antioxidant stabilizer of raw beef and pork patties during chilled storage (9 days at 2 °C/under darkness) was investigated. Total phenolic content (TPC), reducing power ability (RPA), DPPH● radical scavenging activity (FRSA) of the PEE was evaluated. Meat samples were evaluated for pH, Lox (TBARS), Pox (Carbonyls), color (L*, a*, b*, C*, and h*), metmyoglobin formation (MMb), TPC, RPA, and FRSA. Results indicated that PEE is rich in phenolic content and antioxidant activity, and their incorporation in beef and pork patties reduced (p < 0.05) Lox and Pox (TBARS-88.7 and 80% inhibition; Pox-47.3 and 30.6% inhibition, respectively), as well as loss of color and increased the oxidative stability throughout storage.

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