scholarly journals Phytosterol Composition of Arachis hypogaea Seeds from Different Maturity Classes

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxu Zhou ◽  
William Branch ◽  
Lissa Gilliam ◽  
Julie Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Maturation Process ◽  
Nutrient Mobilization ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Embryo Heart ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Phytosterol Composition

The seeds of cultivated peanut, Arachis hypogaea, are an agronomically important crop produced for human nutrition, oilseed and feed stock. Peanut seed is the single most expensive variable input cost and thus producers require seed with excellent performance in terms of germination efficiency. During the maturation process, triglycerides are stored in oil bodies as an energy resource during germination and seedling development. The stability of oil body membranes is essential for nutrient mobilization during germination. This study focused on evaluating the phytosterol composition in seed components including the kernel, embryo (heart), and seed coat or skin. Samples of different maturity classes were analyzed for macronutrient and phytosterol content. The three biosynthetic end products in the phytosterol pathway, β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol, comprised 82.29%, 86.39% and 94.25% of seed hearts, kernels and seed coats, respectively. Stigmasterol concentration was highest in the seed kernel, providing an excellent source of this sterol known to have beneficial effects on human health. Peanut hearts contained the highest concentration of sterols by mass, potentially providing protection and resources for the developing seedling. The amount of α-tocopherol increases in peanut hearts during the maturation process, providing protection from temperature stress, as well as stability required for seedling vigor. These results suggest that phytosterols may play a significant role in the performance of seeds, and provide a possible explanation for the poor germination efficiency of immature seeds.

scholarly journals Phytosterol Composition of Arachis hypogaea Seeds from Different Maturity Classes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxu Zhou ◽  
William D. Branch ◽  
Lissa Gilliam ◽  
Julie A. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Maturation Process ◽  
Nutrient Mobilization ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Embryo Heart ◽  
Phytosterol Composition

The seeds of cultivated peanut, Arachis hypogaea, are an agronomically important crop produced for human nutrition, oilseed and feed stock. Peanut seed is the single most expensive variable input cost and thus producers require seed with excellence performance in terms of germination efficiency. During the maturation process, triglycerides are stored in oil bodies as an energy resource during germination and seedling development. The stability of oil body membranes is essential for nutrient mobilization during germination. This study focused on evaluating the phytosterol composition in seed components including the kernel, embryo (heart), and seed coat or skin. Samples of different maturity classes were analyzed for macronutrient and phytosterol content. The three most abundant phytosterols, β-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol, comprised 82.29%, 86.39%, and 94.25% of seed hearts, kernels, and seed coats, respectively. Stigmasterol concentration was highest in the seed kernel providing an excellent source of this sterol known to have beneficial effects on human health. Peanut hearts contained the highest concentration of sterols by mass potentially providing protection and resources for the developing seedling. The amount of α-tocopherol increases in peanut hearts during the maturation process providing protection from temperature stress and stability required for seedling vigor. These results suggest that phytosterols may play a significant role in the performance of seeds and provides a possible explanation for the poor germination efficiency of immature seeds.

Short-Term Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide Therapy in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis: a Pilot Study to Possible Future Implications of Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Onesti ◽  
Vittorio Frasca ◽  
Marco Ceccanti ◽  
Giorgio Tartaglia ◽  
Maria Cristina Gori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Repetitive Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide ◽  
Open Pilot

Background: The cannabinoid system may be involved in the humoral mechanisms at the neuromuscular junction. Ultramicronized-palmitoylethanolamide (μm-PEA) has recently been shown to reduce the desensitization of Acetylcholine (ACh)-evoked currents in denervated patients modifying the stability of ACh receptor (AChR) function. <p> Objective: To analyze the possible beneficial effects of μm-PEA in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) on muscular fatigue and neurophysiological changes. <p> Method: The duration of this open pilot study, which included an intra-individual control, was three weeks. Each patient was assigned to a 1-week treatment period with μm-PEA 600 mg twice a day. A neurophysiological examination based on repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) of the masseteric and the axillary nerves was performed, and the quantitative MG (QMG) score was calculated in 22 MG patients every week in a three-week follow-up period. AChR antibody titer was investigated to analyze a possible immunomodulatory effect of PEA in MG patients. <p> Results: PEA had a significant effect on the QMG score (p=0.03418) and on RNS of the masseteric nerve (p=0.01763), thus indicating that PEA reduces the level of disability and decremental muscle response. Antibody titers did not change significantly after treatment. <p> Conclusion: According to our observations, μm-PEA as an add-on therapy could improve muscular response to fatigue in MG. The possible modulation of AChR currents as a means of eliciting a direct effect from PEA on the conformation of ACh receptors should be investigated. The co-role of cytokines also warrants an analysis. Given the rapidity and reversibility of the response, we suppose that PEA acts directly on AChR, though further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Diversity in Nutrient Content and Consumer Preferences of Sensory Attributes of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Varieties in Ugandan Agroecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2658
Author(s):  
Rose Nankya ◽  
John W. Mulumba ◽  
Hannington Lwandasa ◽  
Moses Matovu ◽  
Brian Isabirye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Nutrient Amounts

The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most widely consumed legumes globally due to its nutrient content, taste, and affordability. Nutrient composition and consumer preference were determined for twenty local farmer (landrace) and commercial peanut varieties grown in the Nakaseke and Nakasongola districts of the central wooded savanna of Uganda through sensory and laboratory evaluation. Significant differences in nutrient content (p < 0.05) among peanut varieties were found within and across sites. A significant relationship between nutrient content and consumer preference for varieties within and across sites was also realized (Wilk’s lambda = 0.05, p = 0.00). The differences in nutrient content influenced key organoleptic characteristics, including taste, crunchiness, appearance, and soup aroma, which contributed to why consumers may prefer certain varieties to others. Gender differences in variety selection were significantly related to consumer preference for the crunchiness of roasted peanut varieties (F = 5.7, p = 0.016). The results imply that selecting different varieties of peanuts enables consumers to receive different nutrient amounts, while experiencing variety uniqueness. The promotion of peanut intraspecific diversity is crucial for improved nutrition, organoleptic appreciation and the livelihood of those engaged in peanut value chains, especially for the actors who specialize in different peanut products. The conservation of peanut diversity will ensure that the present and future generations benefit from the nutritional content and organoleptic enjoyment that is linked to unique peanut varieties.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Molecular Defensive Mechanism of Arachis hypogaea in Response to Salt Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Xiaobo Zhao ◽  
Quanxi Sun ◽  
Caixia Yan ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Young Leaves

Abiotic stresses comprise all nonliving factors, such as soil salinity, drought, extreme temperatures, and metal toxicity, posing a serious threat to agriculture and affecting the plant production around the world. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most important crops for vegetable oil, proteins, minerals, and vitamins in the world. Therefore, it is of importance to understand the molecular mechanism of peanut against salt stress. Six transcriptome sequencing libraries including 24-hour salt treatments and control samples were constructed from the young leaves of peanut. A comprehensive analysis between two groups detected 3,425 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 2,013 upregulated genes and 1,412 downregulated genes. Of these DEGs, 141 transcription factors (TFs) mainly consisting of MYB, AP2/ERF, WRKY, bHLH, and HSF were identified in response to salinity stress. Further, GO categories of the DEGs highly related to regulation of cell growth, cell periphery, sustained external encapsulating structure, cell wall organization or biogenesis, antioxidant activity, and peroxidase activity were significantly enriched for upregulated DEGs. The function of downregulated DEGs was mainly enriched in regulation of metabolic processes, oxidoreductase activity, and catalytic activity. Fourteen DEGs with response to salt tolerance were validated by real-time PCR. Taken together, the identification of DEGs’ response to salt tolerance of cultivated peanut will provide a solid foundation for improving salt-tolerant peanut genetic manipulation in the future.

scholarly journals Studies on the Effect of Antioxidants on the Stability of Sesame (Sesame indicum linn.) Seed Oil During Storage

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
MS Rahman ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
GM Ahmed ◽  
MM Uddin ◽  
S Yeasmin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Peroxide Value ◽  
Sesame Seed ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Plastic Containers ◽  
Key Words Antioxidant

The oil extracted from sesame seed kernel was stored in white plastic containers using different antioxidants like Butyl hydroxy anisole-BHA, Butyl hydroxy toluene-BHT and propyl gallate-PG at various percentages (0.01-0.05%) at room temperature for 12 months. The results were evaluated after 2- months in terms of free fatty acid (FFA), iodine value and peroxide value . It was observed that the rate of increase in free fatty acid (FFA), was appreciably lower in all the three oils stored with 0.02% BHA, BHT and PG than those of the oils containing other percentages of 0.01, 0.03,0.04 and 0.05 of antioxidants. Among these three oils of sesame (0.02%) percentages of antioxidants, the rate of increase in free fatty acid (FFA) of the oil containing 0.02% of BHA was found to be the lowest (0.1372). The iodine values of the oils were not influenced by any antioxidants of any percentages. But the rate of increase in peroxide value of the oil containing 0.02% of BHA was also found to be significantly lower. Most significant differences in storage lives was observed in the stored oil containing 0.02% of BHA. Key words: Antioxidant, Free fatty acid, Iodine value, Peroxide value. Storage life, Fat-oxidant.  DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i2.967 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(2), 235-242, 2008

scholarly journals Involvement of Root Hair during <i>Rhizobial</i> Invasion in Cultivated Peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (08) ◽  
pp. 1646-1659
Author(s):  
James Maku ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
Fengxia Liu ◽  
Lixia Liu ◽  
Karen Kelley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Cultivated Peanut

scholarly journals Recombinants from the crosses between amphidiploid and cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) for pest-resistance breeding programs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. e0175940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailton Ferreira de Paula ◽  
Naiana Barbosa Dinato ◽  
Bianca Baccili Zanotto Vigna ◽  
Alessandra Pereira Fávero
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Pest Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Cultivated Peanut

scholarly journals The Effect of Ultrasound, Oxygen and Sunlight on the Stability of (−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajun Zeng ◽  
Huanhua Xu ◽  
Yu Cai ◽  
Yan Xuan ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Periodontal Infection ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ultrasonic Conditions

(−)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), is the main catechin found in green tea, and has several beneficial effects. This study investigated the stability of EGCG aqueous solution under different stored and ultrasonic conditions to determine whether it can be used with an ultrasonic dental scaler to treat periodontal infection. Four concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 2 mg/mL) of EGCG aqueous solution were prepared and stored under four different conditions (A: Exposed to neither sunlight nor air, B: Exposed to sunlight, but not air, C: Not exposed to sunlight, but air, D: Exposed to sunlight and air) for two days. The degradation rate of EGCG was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). On the other hand, an ultrasonic dental scaler was used to atomize the EGCG solution under four different conditions (a: Exposed to neither air nor sunlight, b: Not exposed to air, but sunlight, c: Not exposed to sunlight, but air, d: Exposed to air and sunlight), the degradation of EGCG was measured by HPLC. We found that the stability of EGCG was concentration-dependent in water at room temperature. Both sunlight and oxygen influenced the stability of EGCG, and oxygen had a more pronounced effect on stability of EGCG than sunlight. The most important conclusion was that the ultrasound may accelerate the degradation of EGCG due to the presence of oxygen and sunlight, but not because of the ultrasonic vibration. Thus, EGCG aqueous solution has the potential to be used through an ultrasonic dental scaler to treat periodontal infection in the future.

An integrated genetic linkage map of cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) constructed from two RIL populations

2011 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongde Qin ◽  
Suping Feng ◽  
Charles Chen ◽  
Yufang Guo ◽  
Steven Knapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Map ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Genetic Linkage Map ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Cultivated Peanut
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