scholarly journals Chemical Characterization and Hypoglycaemic Activities In Vitro of Two Polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus by Submerged Culture

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Xue ◽  
Shisheng Tong ◽  
Zhaorun Wang ◽  
Ping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Inonotus Obliquus ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Natural Drugs

Polysaccharides from the fungus Inonotus obliquus have been found to be biologically active. In this study, we carried out a preliminary characterisation and assessment of the hypoglycaemic activities of the polysaccharides (IOEP) from Inonotus obliquus obtained by liquid fermentation. Two polysaccharides, IOEP1 and IOEP2, were isolated from IOEP. IOEP1, with a molecular weight of 20 KDa, was mainly composed of galatose and mannose, while IOEP2, with a molecular weight of 200 KDa, was mainly composed of arabinose. Fourier-transform infrared analysis showed that both IOEP1 and IOEP2 were pyran-type polysaccharides. 1H-NMR spectra showed that the glycosidic bonds of IOEP1 and IOEP2 were both α-type and β-type. In addition, IOEP1 and IOEP2 strongly increased the glucose consumption of HepG2 cells and insulin-resistant HepG2 cells in vitro. These findings provide a theoretical basis that IOEP1 and IOEP2 might be suitable as anti-diabetes agents in functional foods and natural drugs.

scholarly journals Qizhi Jiangtang Jiaonang Improves Insulin Signaling and Reduces Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion and Reactive Oxygen Species Formation in Insulin Resistant HepG2 Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xiao-Tian Zhang ◽  
Chun-Jiang Yu ◽  
Jian-Wei Liu ◽  
Yan-Ping Zhang ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Insulin Resistant

We analyzed the effects of a traditional Chinese medicine, Qizhi Jiangtang Jiaonang (QJJ), on insulin resistance (IR) in vitro. After an in vitro model of IR was established by treating human liver cancer cells (HepG2 cells) with palmitic acid, the cells were then treated with various concentrations of QJJ. Treatment with 400 µM palmitic acid for 24 h induced IR in HepG2 cells. The survival rate for HepG2 cells in the IR group was significantly lower than that of the untreated control group (P< 0.001); however, QJJ restored HepG2 cell survival (P< 0.001). As compared with HepG2 cells in the IR group, QJJ at all doses analyzed significantly increased glucose consumption (allP< 0.05). Moreover, treatment with all the QJJ doses significantly reduced the mean intracellular reactive oxygen species levels as compared with the IR group (allP< 0.05). Furthermore, high-dose QJJ reduced both TNF-αand IL-6 levels as compared to the IR group (allP< 0.05). QJJ ameliorated the altered PI3K, GLUT4, and RAGE expression observed with IR. In conclusion, QJJ can improve IR in HepG2 cells, which may be mediated through the IRS-1/PI3K/GLUT4 signaling pathway as well as regulation of NF-κB-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Structure Characterization and Hypoglycaemic Activities of Two Polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Liu ◽  
Jiao Xue ◽  
Shisheng Tong ◽  
Wenxia Dong ◽  
Peipei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
Glycosidic Bond ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Weakly Alkaline ◽  
Inonotus Obliquus ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Congo Red Test

In the present study, two polysaccharides (HIOP1-S and HIOP2-S) were isolated and purified from Inonotus obliquus using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The structural characterization and in vitro and in vivo hypoglycaemic activities of these molecules were investigated. HPLC analysis HIOP1-S was a heterpolysaccharide with glucose and galactose as the main compontent monosaccharides (50.247%, molar percentages). However, HIOP2-S was a heterpolysaccharide with glucose as the main monosaccharide (49.881%, molar percentages). The average molecular weights of HIOP1-S and HIOP2-S were 13.6 KDa and 15.2 KDa, respectively. The β-type glycosidic bond in HIOP1-S and HIOP2-S was determined using infrared analysis. 1H-NMR spectra indicated that HIOP2-S contains the β-configuration glycosidic bond, and the glycoside bonds of HIOP1-S are both α-type and β-type. The ultraviolet scanning showed that both HIOP1-S and HIOP2-S contained a certain amount of binding protein. Congo red test showed that HIOP1-S and HIOP2-S could form a regular ordered triple helix structure in the neutral and weakly alkaline range. HIOP1-S and HIOP2-S showed strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activities and increased the glucose consumption of HepG2 cells. In addition, Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycaemic mice were used to evaluate the antihyperglycaemic effects of HIOP1-S and HIOP2-S in vivo. The results showed that HIOP2-S had antihyperglycaemic effects. Taken together, these results suggest that HIOP1-S and HIOP2-S have potential anti-diabetic effects.

scholarly journals Mulberry Anthocyanin Extract Ameliorates Oxidative Damage in HepG2 Cells and Prolongs the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans through MAPK and Nrf2 Pathways

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fujie Yan ◽  
Yushu Chen ◽  
Ramila Azat ◽  
Xiaodong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Insulin Signalling ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Mulberry anthocyanins possess many pharmacological effects including liver protection, anti-inflammation, and anticancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether mulberry anthocyanin extract (MAE) exerts beneficial effects against oxidative stress damage in HepG2 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans. In vitro, MAE prevented cytotoxicity, increased glucose consumption and uptake, and eliminated excessive intracellular free radicals in H2O2-induced cells. Moreover, MAE pretreatment maintained Nrf2, HO-1, and p38 MAPK stimulation and abolished upregulation of p-JNK, FOXO1, and PGC-1α that were involved in oxidative stress and insulin signalling modulation. In vivo, extended lifespan was observed in C. elegans damaged by paraquat in the presence of MAE, while these beneficial effects were disappeared in pmk-1 and daf-16 mutants. PMK-1 and SKN-1 were activated after exposure to paraquat and MAE suppressed PMK-1 activation but enhanced SKN-1 stimulation. Our findings suggested that MAE recovered redox status in HepG2 cells and C. elegans that suffered from oxidative stress, which might be by targeting MAPKs and Nrf2.

scholarly journals Cajanonic acid A regulates the ratio of Th17/Treg via inhibition of expression of IL-6 and TGF-β in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfeng Gong ◽  
Huanbing Liu ◽  
Liming Tao
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Transduction Pathway ◽  
Flow Cytometry Assay ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Cellular Apoptosis ◽  
Reduce Insulin Resistance

Abstract Background: The objectives of the present study are to investigate whether cajanonic acid A (CAA) can reduce insulin resistance (IR) in HepG2 cells and to gain a preliminary understanding of the mechanisms underlying this effect. Methods: Following induction of IR in HepG2 cells, we tested the regulatory effect of CAA on glucose consumption and evaluated hepatocyte production of IL-6, TGF-β, and key molecules in the insulin transduction pathway. A transwell co-culturing system was used to assess the effect of CAA on IR in HepG2 cells during the differentiation of CD4+ T cells by calculating the ratio of (Th17)/regulatory T cell (Treg). We evaluated the effect of CAA on the expression of IL-17RC cells and HepG2 cell apoptosis by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry assay. Results: CAA improved dexamethasone-induced reduction in glucose consumption in HepG2 cells, inhibited hepatocyte production of IL-6 and TGF-β, increased the expression of IL-17RC cell, and increased cellular apoptosis in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. When co-cultured with CD4+ T cells, insulin-resistant HepG2 cells induced a decrease in the ratio of Th17/Treg, but CAA dampened the effect. Application of IL-6 and TGF-β, together with CAA, reversed the effect of CAA on insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Overexpression of IL17R, however, counteracted the effect of IL-6 neutralizing antibody within the culture system. Conclusion: CAA can regulate the ratio of Th17/Treg by mediating the expression of IL-6 and TGF-β in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells.

TSH binding proteins in rat and human serum

1987 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Spira ◽  
M. Gafni ◽  
C. Ben-David ◽  
J. Gross ◽  
A. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate Precipitation ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Front Running

Abstract. When serum of hypothyroid rats was fractionated on a Sephadex G-100 column, most of the immunoreactive TSH was found as a front running peak, together with the high molecular weight serum proteins. Similarly, a rTSH preparation (10 mU), chromatographed in the presence of 1 ml of normal rat serum also migrated at the front, however, when a high load of TSH (4.4 U) was added to 1 ml of serum, two immunoreactive peaks were found, suggesting the saturation of the front running fraction. Immunoelectrophoresis and autoradiography of rat or human sera containing the respective 125I-labelled TSHs showed binding of the labelled TSH to IgG, alpha-2-macroglobulin, and to a third unidentified protein, migrating near the albumin line. In order to determine if the bound TSH is biologically active, the high molecular weight protein fraction was separated from hypothyroid rat serum by 45% ammonium sulphate precipitation. Immunoreactivity was determined by RIA and the biological activity was determined, in vitro, by the stimulation of 99Tc uptake by FRTL-5 cells. The 45% ammonium sulphate precipitate contained almost all of the immunoreactivity and the bioactivity of the TSH of whole serum. These results indicate that: a) The endogenous circulating TSH in the hypothyroid rat exists mainly in a protein-bound form and this protein-bound TSH contains most of the hormonal bioactivity of the serum. b) Exogenous TSH binds to serum proteins in euthyroid and hypothyroid rats and in humans. There are three protein fractions in these sera that bind TSH, one of which is an immunoglobulin. The occurrence of TSH binding immunoglobulins may involve autoimmune mechanisms.

Low Molecular Weight Heparin Is Responsible for the Anti-Xa Activity of Desmin 370

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (02) ◽  
pp. 286-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brieger ◽  
Joan Dawes
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Dermatan Sulphate ◽  
Molecular Weight Range ◽  
Sulphated Glycosaminoglycan

SummaryDermatan sulphate does not catalyse the inactivation of factor Xa. However, the low molecular weight (LMW) dermatan sulphate Desmin 370 has been shown to generate circulating anti-Xa activity following administration to humans. Using a single batch of Desmin 370, we measured 3 U/mg of anti-Xa activity by amidolytic assay in vitro. The material responsible for this activity had a lower molecular weight range (6000 and 1800 Da) than Desmin 370 and was more highly sulphated than the bulk of the drug. Heparinase digestion of Desmin 370 eliminated 90% of the in vitro anti-Xa activity without significantly interfering with its ability to potentiate inactivation of thrombin by HCII, suggesting that the anti-Xa activity is not due to dermatan sulphate and is probably heparin. When 125I-labelled Desmin 370 together with 40 mg/kg carrier drug was administered intravenously to a rabbit, anti-Xa activity was readily detectable in the plasma for up to 10 h and had a longer half-life than the sulphated radiolabel. Most of this anticoagulant activity was recovered from the plasma by Polybrene affinity chromatography and was probably a sulphated glycosaminoglycan. Administration of the heparinase-digested drug to a rabbit resulted in 70% less anti-Xa activity than the undigested drug. We conclude that Desmin 370 contains detectable quantities of biologically active low molecular weight heparin, which is responsible for persistent anti-Xa activity following intravenous administration.

scholarly journals Lupin seed γ-conglutin lowers blood glucose in hyperglycaemic rats and increases glucose consumption of HepG2 cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rosa Lovati ◽  
Cristina Manzoni ◽  
Silvia Castiglioni ◽  
Anna Parolari ◽  
Chiara Magni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a chronic oral γ-conglutin treatment in male Sprague–Dawley rats in which hyperglycaemia had been induced by supplying 10 %d-glucose in drinking-water. A γ-conglutin dosage of 28 mg/kg body weight was daily administered to animals for 21 d. Plasma glucose, insulin and glucose overloading were monitored. Chronic administration of glucose resulted in a statistically significant (P < 0·05) increase in fasting blood glucose (2·5-fold) and insulin (2·7-fold)v.the values recorded in control rats. Simultaneous treatment with γ-conglutin attenuated the rise in plasma glucose (1·9-fold) and insulin (1·8-fold) levels in the glucose-fed rats (P < 0·05). Fasting insulin and homeostasis model of insulin resistance were decreased by 34 and 48 % (P < 0·05), respectively, in the γ-conglutin-treated ratsv.the values found in pair-fed animals. To confirm these results with a different approach, HepG2 cells, grown for 24 and 48 h in Dulbecco's minimum essential medium containing different glucose concentrations (5·5, 11·1 and 16·5 mmol/l), were exposed to 10 μmol/l γ-conglutin with or without 10 mmol/l metformin or 100 nmol/l insulin. γ-Conglutin increased glucose consumption (from 1·5- to 2·5-fold) in HepG2 cells, under all experimental conditions; this effect was more evident after 48 h incubation. Moreover, in thisin vitromodel, the addition of γ-conglutin potentiated the activity of insulin and metformin in cell glucose consumption. These findings extend the previous ones and suggest the potential use of lupin γ-conglutin in the control of glycaemia.

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