scholarly journals Angelica Stem: A Potential Low-Cost Source of Bioactive Phthalides and Phytosterols

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengke Zhao ◽  
Yuan Jia ◽  
Fachuang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Medical Plant

Chinese Angelica is a significant medical plant due to the various therapeutic constituents in its root; whereas the aerial part is considered worthless and often discarded as agricultural waste. In this work, phytochemicals from the stem were first systematically analyzed by means of GC–MS after derivatization and HPLC–MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Phthalides, ferulic acid, and coniferyl ferulate were detected in the stem; although their content is relatively low in comparison with the root. Some specific compounds, such as p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, 4-hydroxyphenyl-1, 2-ethanediol, thymol-β-d-glucopyranoside, etc. and a significant amount of phytosterols (1.36 mg/g stem, mainly β-sitosterol) were detected in the stem. The extracted oil from the stem contained a considerable amount of phthalides (48.5 mg/g), β-sitosterol (56.21 mg/g), and stigmasterol (14.03 mg/g); no other bioactive compounds were found that could be potentially used as pharmaceuticals or additives to healthcare food.

COUMARINS AND PHENOLIC ACIDS IN THE UREDOSPORES OF WHEAT STEM RUST

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. van Sumere ◽  
C. van Sumere-de Preter ◽  
L. C. Vining ◽  
G. A. Ledingham
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Stimulation Of

A paper chromatographic method suitable for identification of the small amounts of coumarins and phenolic acids present in the uredospores of wheat stem rust was developed. By the use of the circular technique and a combination of three different solvent systems an adequate separation of all the substances was achieved. A preliminary development of the chromatogram with a solvent in which the test compounds were non-mobile facilitated identification and avoided the need for extensive preliminary fractionation of the extracts.Using this method the following compounds were identified in spore extracts: coumarin, umbelliferone, daphnetin, aesculetin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, o-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid; coumarin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, o-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid were also present as glycosides; in addition scopoletin, gallic acid, syringic acid, and sinapic acid were detected after hydrolysis and are assumed to be present only in a bound form.In order to obtain some information about the role of these substances in the physiology of wheat stem rust, uredospores were germinated by being floated en masse on dilute aqueous solutions. Of the compounds tested, indoleacetic acid, coumarin, o-coumaric acid, protocatechuic acid, umbelliferone, and daphnetin gave a marked stimulation of germination at concentrations of 10–200 μg./ml. Caffeic acid, vanillic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, and ferulic acid β-glucoside had little effect or were strongly inhibitory.The stimulation of germination is attributed to the counteraction of a self-inhibitor released from the spores, and the possible significance of the compounds on the physiology of the rust and the host–parasite relationship is discussed.

Phenolic Compounds and Flavonoids as Plant Growth Regulators from Fruit and Leaf of Vitex rotundifolia

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeo Yoshioka ◽  
Tomohisa Inokuchi ◽  
Shozo Fujioka ◽  
Yasuo Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl

AbstractFive phenolic compounds, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (1), vanillic acid methyl ester (2), 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde (3), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4) and ferulic acid (5), and four flavonoids, 5,5′-dihydroxy-4′,6,7-trimethoxyflavanone (6), luteolin (7), vitexicarpin (8) and artemetin (9), were isolated from fruits and leaves of Vitex rotundifolia L. The biological activities of these nine compounds have been examined using a bioassay with lettuce seedlings.

Degradation of ferulic acid via 4-vinylguaiacol by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 494-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nazareth ◽  
S. Mavinkurve
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Aromatic Ring ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Transient Intermediate

Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. metabolizes ferulic acid to a transient intermediate, 4-vinylguaiacol, a compound hitherto not reported in the metabolic pathway of ferulic acid in fungi. The compound was isolated in pure form and identified spectrometrically. 4-Vinylguaiacol was further metabolized to vanillin, vanillic acid, and protocatechuic acid, followed by ortho cleavage of the aromatic ring. The organism was also found to catabolize eugenol and p-coumaric acid, but not cinnamic acid.

scholarly journals The Effects and Mechanisms of Cyanidin-3-Glucoside and Its Phenolic Metabolites in Maintaining Intestinal Integrity

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jijun Tan ◽  
Yanli Li ◽  
De-Xing Hou ◽  
Shusong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Phenolic Metabolites ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Innate Immune Signaling

Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) is a well-known natural anthocyanin and possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The catabolism of C3G in the gastrointestinal tract could produce bioactive phenolic metabolites, such as protocatechuic acid, phloroglucinaldehyde, vanillic acid, and ferulic acid, which enhance C3G bioavailability and contribute to both mucosal barrier and microbiota. To get an overview of the function and mechanisms of C3G and its phenolic metabolites, we review the accumulated data of the absorption and catabolism of C3G in the gastrointestine, and attempt to give crosstalk between the phenolic metabolites, gut microbiota, and mucosal innate immune signaling pathways.

Notizen: Phenolics from Larix Needles XIV. Flavonoids and Phenolic Glucosides and Ester of L. decidua

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 780-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard J. Niemann ◽  
Wim J. Baas
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Larix Decidua ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Sugar Ester ◽  
Glucose Ester ◽  
Phenolic Glucosides

Abstract Eleven flavonoids, four phenolic glucosides and one sugar ester were isolated from needles of Larix decidua and identified as: kaempferol, its 3-arabinoside and 3-rutino-side, quercetin-3-arabinoside, isorhamnetin-3-arabinoside and 3-(p-coumarylglucoside), laricitrin-3-glucoside and -3-rutino-side, myricetin-3-glucoside, syringetin-3-glucoside and apigenin-7-glucoside; the β-glucosides of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid, and the glucose ester of vanillic acid.

Streptomyces setonii: catabolism of vanillic acid via guaiacol and catechol

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 636-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony L. Pometto III ◽  
John B. Sutherland ◽  
Don L. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Ring Cleavage ◽  
Uv Spectrophotometry ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Catechol 1,2 Dioxygenase ◽  
Cleavage Reactions ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Streptomyces setonii (strain 75Vi2) was grown at 45 °C in liquid media containing simple aromatic compounds as principal carbon sources. Thin-layer chromatography, UV spectrophotometry, and gas chromatography were used to show that S. setonii converted benzoic acid, guaiacol, and vanillic acid to catechol; p-hydroxybenzoic acid to protocatechuic acid; and m-hydroxybenzoic acid to gentisic acid. Presence of the ring-cleavage enzymes catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase, and gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase was shown both by O2 uptake in ring-cleavage reactions catalyzed by cell-free extracts and by changes in UV spectra that indicated the presence of specific ring-cleavage products. A unique feature of this strain was its catabolism of vanillic acid by way of guaiacol and catechol, using a pathway that had not been confirmed previously.

Metabolism of cinnamic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acids by Streptomyces setonii

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1253-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Sutherland ◽  
Don L. Crawford ◽  
Anthony L. Pometto III
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Oxygen Electrode ◽  
Ring Cleavage ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Catechol 1,2 Dioxygenase

Streptomyces setonii strain 75Vi2 was grown at 45 °C in liquid media containing yeast extract and trans-cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, or vanillin. Gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and mass spectrometry showed that cinnamic acid was catabolized via benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, and catechol; p-coumaric acid was catabolized via p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and protocatechuic acid; ferulic acid was catabolized via vanillin, vanillic acid, and protocatechuic acid. When vanillin was used as the initial growth substrate, it was catabolized via vanillic acid, guaiacol, and catechol. The inducible ring-cleavage dioxygenases catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase were detected with an oxygen electrode in cell-free extracts of cultures grown in media with aromatic growth substrates and yeast extract.

Removal of nutrients from Organic Liquid Agricultural Waste using filamentous algae.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Flores-Morales ◽  
Mónica Díaz ◽  
Patricia Arancibia-Avila ◽  
Michelle Muñoz-Carrasco ◽  
Pamela Jara-Zapata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Filamentous Algae ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Reduction ◽  
Algae Removal ◽  
Algae Growth ◽  
Waste Effluents

Abstract A feasibility analysis of tertiary treatment for Organic Liquid Agricultural Waste is presented using filamentous algae belonging to the genus Cladophora sp. as an alternative to chemical tertiary treatment. The main advantages of tertiary treatments that use biological systems are the low cost investment and the minimal dependence on environmental variables. In this work we demonstrate that filamentous algae reduces the nutrient load of nitrate (circa 75%) and phosphate (circa 86%) from the organic waste effluents coming from dairy farms after nine days of culture, with the added advantage being that after the treatment period, algae removal can be achieved by simple procedures. Currently, the organic wastewater is discarded into fields and local streams. However, the algae can acquire value as a by-product since it has various uses as compost, cellulose, and biogas. A disadvantage of this system is that clean water must be used to achieve enough water transparency to allow algae growth. Even so, the nutrient reduction system of the organic effluents proposed is friendly to the ecosystem, compared to tertiary treatments that use chemicals to precipitate and collect nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates.

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