scholarly journals Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Materials as Substrates for Fermentation Processes

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Kucharska ◽  
Piotr Rybarczyk ◽  
Iwona Hołowacz ◽  
Rafał Łukajtis ◽  
Marta Glinka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Biomass Pretreatment ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Fermentation Processes ◽  
Cellulose Digestibility

Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant and renewable resource that potentially contains large amounts of energy. It is an interesting alternative for fossil fuels, allowing the production of biofuels and other organic compounds. In this paper, a review devoted to the processing of lignocellulosic materials as substrates for fermentation processes is presented. The review focuses on physical, chemical, physicochemical, enzymatic, and microbiologic methods of biomass pretreatment. In addition to the evaluation of the mentioned methods, the aim of the paper is to understand the possibilities of the biomass pretreatment and their influence on the efficiency of biofuels and organic compounds production. The effects of different pretreatment methods on the lignocellulosic biomass structure are described along with a discussion of the benefits and drawbacks of each method, including the potential generation of inhibitory compounds for enzymatic hydrolysis, the effect on cellulose digestibility, the generation of compounds that are toxic for the environment, and energy and economic demand. The results of the investigations imply that only the stepwise pretreatment procedure may ensure effective fermentation of the lignocellulosic biomass. Pretreatment step is still a challenge for obtaining cost-effective and competitive technology for large-scale conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars with low inhibitory concentration.

Microbial Oil Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass – Recent Development and Prospect

2014 ◽  
Vol 541-542 ◽  
pp. 397-403
Author(s):  
Zhang Nan Lin ◽  
Hong Juan Liu ◽  
Zhi Qin Wang ◽  
Jia Nan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Microbial Oil ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Application Potential

Microbial oil is one of the ideal raw materials for biodiesel production because of its rapid reproduction and less influence by the climate and season variation. However, the high cost is one of the key issues that restricted its production in a large-scale. Lignocellulosic biomass, the cheap and renewable resource, might be the best raw material for microbial oil production by oleaginous microorganisms. Recent development on the microbial oil production from lignocellulosic biomass was summarized in this paper. Furthermore, the challenges and application potential of microbial oil were prospected.

scholarly journals The Expansion of Lignocellulose Biomass Conversion Into Bioenergy via Nanobiotechnology

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Revathy Sankaran ◽  
Kalaimani Markandan ◽  
Kuan Shiong Khoo ◽  
Chin Kui Cheng ◽  
Veeramuthu Ashokkumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Development Tools ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Lignocellulose Biomass

Lignocellulosic biomass has arisen as a solution to our energy and environmental challenges because it is rich in feedstock that can be converted to biofuels. Converting lignocellulosic biomass to sugar is a complicated system involved in the bioconversion process. There are indeed a variety of techniques that have been utilized in the bioconversion process consisting of physical, chemical, and biological approaches. However, most of them have drawbacks when used on a large scale, which include the high cost of processing, the development of harmful inhibitors, and the detoxification of the inhibitors that have been produced. These constraints, taken together, hinder the effectiveness of current solutions and demand for the invention of a new, productive, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable technique for LB processing. In this context, the approach of nanotechnology utilizing various nanomaterials and nanoparticles in treating lignocellulose biomass and bioenergy conversion has achieved increased interest and has been explored greatly in recent times. This mini review delves into the application of nanotechnological techniques in the bioconversion of lignocellulose biomass into bioenergy. This review on nanotechnological application in biomass conversion provides insights and development tools for the expansion of new sectors, resulting in excellent value and productivity, contributing to the long-term economic progress.

scholarly journals Evaluation of endoglucanase and β-glucosidase production by bacteria and yeasts isolated from an eucalyptus plantation in the cerrado of Minas Gerais

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Farley Souza Ribeiro Menezes ◽  
Gizelly Gomes da Cruz ◽  
Matheus De Oliveira Lopes ◽  
David Lee Nelson ◽  
Tamira Quintiliana Gomes Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
World Population ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantation ◽  
New Research

The current global environmental and economic scenario is intrinsically related to the increase in fossil fuel consumption caused by technological development and world population growth. Thus, it is necessary to search for renewable sources of biofuel in an attempt to mitigate the effects of fossil fuels on the environment and the lack of these non-renewable fuels. The use of lignocellulosic biomass, an abundant and renewable resource in Brazilian regions, has contributed successfully to new research and technologies for second-generation ethanol production. The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars requires the use of cellulolytic enzymes produced by microorganisms found in the microbiota. This work evaluated the production of endoglucanase and β-glucosidase in a liquid medium containing carboxymethylcellulose by five microorganisms (bacteria and yeasts) from the bank of 348 isolates from eucalyptus soils in the Cerrado Mineiro. Microorganisms with the following enzymatic activity indexes were selected: IM1-74 (22), IM25-9 (5.33), IM32-90 (7.33), IM1-5 (10.33) and IM32-91 (5.44). The microorganisms with the highest enzymatic activity in the liquid medium were IM32-90 (endoglucanase = 0.214 U mL-1) and IM32-91 (β-glucosidase = 0.067 U mL-1).

Biotechnological Aspects of Lignocellulose and Biomass Degradation

1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
Nigel Halliwell ◽  
Geoffrey Halliwell
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Biological Resource ◽  
Biomass Degradation ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Lignocellulose Biomass

Vast amounts of lignocellulose/biomass are available, both naturally and as agricultural wastes, for exploitation as sources of chemical feedstocks, fuels, foods and feeds. In fact, cellulose is the only renewable biological resource available in sufficient quantity to support such large-scale industrial processes. The major constraints to these conversions and the utilization of lignocellulosic materials are economic. Apart from specially grown biomass crops the cellulose and hemicelluloses from crop residues show considerable potential for exploitation, especially as fossil fuels become depleted and less accessible. The problems may appear great but so too are the rewards.

scholarly journals Biorefinery System of Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Steam Explosion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chikako Asada ◽  
Sholahuddin ◽  
Yoshitoshi Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Green Technology

Recently, plant biomass has been attracting attention due to global warming and the depletion of fossil fuels. Lignocellulosic biomass (i.e., wood, straw, and bagasse) is attracting attention as an abundant renewable resource that does not compete with the food resources. It is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin and is a potential resource that can be converted into high-value-added substances, such as biofuels, raw materials for chemical products, and cellulose nanofibers. However, due to its complicated structure, an appropriate pretreatment method is required for developing its biorefinery process. Steam explosion is one of the simplest and environmentally friendly pretreatments to decompose lignin structure, which converts cellulose into low-molecular-weight lignin with high efficiency. It has received significant attention in the field of not only biofuel but also biochemical production. Steam explosion involves the hydrolysis of plant biomass under high-pressure steam and the sudden release of steam pressure induces a shear force on the plant biomass. Moreover, it is a green technology that does not use any chemicals. Thus, a steam explosion-based biorefinery system is highly effective for the utilization of lignocellulosic into useful materials, such as ethanol, methane gas, antioxidant material, epoxy resin, and cellulose nanofiber.

scholarly journals Renewable Energy Resources Hybridization as an Efficient and Cost-Effective Alternative for Electrification

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-183
Author(s):  
K.R. Kamil ◽  
A.O. Yusuf ◽  
S.A. Yakubu ◽  
S.B. Seriki
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Potential

Majority of electricity generation in Nigeria comes from fossil fuels, with about two-thirds of thermal power derived from natural gas and the rest from oil, resulting in the emission of carbon dioxide (𝐶𝑂2). With the prevailing global climate change, shifting to renewable energy would reduce the greenhouse gas emission which would be the salvaging option to help our degrading environment. The aim of the resource’s hybridization process is to generate enough electricity that would help the supplementing for the inadequate electricity supply in the local province at the least detrimental effect on the environment. This work discusses the renewable energy potential of Nigeria and raises the possibility of having Nigeria electricity grid powered by small, medium and large-scale renewable energy systems. The hybridised power generation system simulations were done using HOMER simulation software. The hybridisation of the resources was able to generate 149,313 kWh/yr to adequately sustain the estimated electrical load of 126,027kWh/yr. Conclusively, cost effectiveness of the individual and hybridised systems was also considered.

scholarly journals Photobiological hydrogen as a renewable fuel

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Vidya Jose
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Atmospheric Effects ◽  
Global Energy Consumption

The huge global energy consumption has raised concerns over the depletion in readily available conventional energy resources. Besides, there are harmful atmospheric effects of fossil fuels and the qualms of future energy resources. The world hence is in dire need of new renewable energy sources that are cheap, non-polluting, environmentally friendly, and clean. This is the only way we can stop using fossil. Hydrogen is considered as an ideal fuel for the future because of its high energy content and its clean combustion to water. However, extensive technologies are required to introduce hydrogen as an alternative clean and cost-effective future fuel, which brings about the relevance of the exploitation of the microorganisms for large-scale renewable energy production. Reports of photobiological hydrogen production by oxygenic photosynthetic microbes, such as green algae and cyanobacteria and by anaerobic photosynthesis, are summarized in this paper, with a focus on the major obstacles that must be overcome by scientific and technical breakthroughs to make way for commercially feasible energy. The principle, progress, and prognosis of photobiological hydrogen as a renewable energy source are reviewed.

scholarly journals Rapid mechanoenzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass without bulk water or chemical pre-treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Hammerer ◽  
Shaghayegh Ostadjoo ◽  
Karolin Dietrich ◽  
Marie-Josée Dumont ◽  
Luis F. Del Rio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Biomass Saccharification ◽  
Crude Product ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals ◽  
Multiple Cycles ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractLignocellulosic material is an abundant renewable resource with the potential to replace petroleum as a feedstock for the production of fuels and chemicals. The large scale deployment of biomass saccharification is, however, hampered by the necessity to use aggressive reagents and conditions, formation of side-products, and the difficulty to reach elevated monosaccharide concentrations in the crude product. Herein we report the high efficacy of Reactive Aging (or Raging, a technique where enzymatic reaction mixtures, without any bulk aqueous or organic solvent, are treated to multiple cycles of milling and aging) for gram-scale saccharification of raw lignocellulosic biomass samples from different agricultural sources (corn stover, wheat straw, and sugarcane bagasse). The solvent-free enzymatic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass was found to proceed in excellent yields (ca. 90%) at protein loadings as low as 2% w/w, without the need for any prior chemical pre-treatment or high temperatures, to produce highly concentrated (molar) monosaccharides. This crude product of mechanoenzymatic depolymerization is non-toxic to bacteria and can be used as a carbon source for bacterial growth.

scholarly journals One-step peracetic acid pretreatment of hardwood and softwood biomass for platform chemicals production

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandan Kundu ◽  
Shanthi Priya Samudrala ◽  
Mahmud Arman Kibria ◽  
Sankar Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Dilute Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Dilute Acid ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Platform Chemicals ◽  
Effective Removal

AbstractLignocellulosic biomass is an attractive renewable resource to produce biofuel or platform chemicals. Efficient and cost-effective conversion systems of lignocellulosic biomass depend on their appropriate pretreatment processes. Alkali or dilute acid pretreatment of biomass requires a high temperature (> 150 °C) to remove xylan (hemicellulosic sugar) and lignin partially. In this study, peracetic acid was used to pretreat biomass feedstocks, including hardwood and softwood species. It was found that the thermally-assisted dilute acid pretreatment of biomass conducted under the mild temperature of 90 °C up to 5 h resulted in the effective removal of lignin from the biomass with a negligible loss of carbohydrates. This thermally-assisted pretreatment achieved 90% of delignification, and this result was compared with the microwave-assisted pretreatment method. In addition, the crystallinity index (CrI), surface morphology, and chemical structure were significantly changed after the acid pretreatment. The biomass digestibility increased significantly with increased reaction time, by 32% and 23% for hardwood and softwood, respectively. From this study, it is clear that peracetic acid pretreatment is an effective method to enrich glucan content in biomass by delignification.

Lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol: an overview on pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodjui Olivier Abo ◽  
Ming Gao ◽  
Yonglin Wang ◽  
Chuanfu Wu ◽  
Hongzhi Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
High Availability ◽  
Fermentation Processes ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Bioethanol is currently the only alternative to gasoline that can be used immediately without having to make any significant changes in the way fuel is distributed. In addition, the carbon dioxide (CO2) released during the combustion of bioethanol is the same as that used by the plant in the atmosphere for its growth, so it does not participate in the increase of the greenhouse effect. Bioethanol can be obtained by fermentation of plants containing sucrose (beet, sugar cane…) or starch (wheat, corn…). However, large-scale use of bioethanol implies the use of very large agricultural surfaces for maize or sugarcane production. Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) such as agricultural residues for the production of bioethanol seems to be a solution to this problem due to its high availability and low cost even if its growth still faces technological difficulties. In this review, we present an overview of lignocellulosic biomass, the different methods of pre-treatment of LCB and the various fermentation processes that can be used to produce bioethanol from LCB.

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