scholarly journals Phosphorus Solubilization by Bacillus Species

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Saeid ◽  
Ewelina Prochownik ◽  
Justyna Dobrowolska-Iwanek
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Fish Bones ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Acetic Acids

Microbial solubilization applies the natural ability of a microorganism to liberate phosphorus from unavailable structures. The main mechanism recognized to be responsible for the solubilization of phosphorus is the production of different types of organic acids. Three kinds of Bacillus species and three types of raw materials (poultry bones, fish bones, and ash) were tested for solubilization. The following parameters were compared for all discussed cases: pH, specific growth rate, solubilization factor, released phosphorus concentration, and total and individual concentration of organic acids. Utilization of ash brought about the highest specific and maximum specific growth rates. A decrease in pH was observed in most of the discussed cases with the exception of fish bones. At the same time, fish bones had the highest concentration of released P2O5 and the highest total concentration of produced organic acids (gluconic, lactic, acetic, succinic, and propionic) in all discussed cases. The tested Bacillus species produced the mentioned acids with the exception of B. megaterium, where propionic acid was not present. The lactic and acetic acids were those produced in the highest amount. The kind of raw materials and type of Bacillus species used in solubilization had a strong influence on the kind of organic acids that were detected in the broth culture and its total concentration, which had a direct influence on the amount of released phosphorus. The combination of Bacillus megaterium with the fish bones at 5 g/L is proposed as the pair that gives the highest concentration of released phosphorus (483 ± 5 mg/L).

Lactobacillus reuteri β-galactosidase activity and low milk acidification ability

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Hidalgo-Morales ◽  
Victor Robles-Olvera ◽  
Hugo S García
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Cell Concentration ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Galactosidase Activity ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

β-galactosidase activity was studied as a possible cause of the low milk acidification ability observed in Lactobacillus reuteri NRRL 14171. Enzymatic activity was determined in MRS broth supplemented with either glucose or lactose and milk at the middle and final stage of the exponential phase, as well as at the stationary phase. Results were compared with β-galactosidase activity in Lactobacillus casei NRRL-B1922, a strain that shows the milk acidification ability. The effects of the types of carbon and nitrogen sources were established by comparison of growth parameters (higher maximum cell concentration and specific growth rate) in broth culture and skim milk supplemented with 2% glucose or 1% casein peptone. In milk, L. reuteri showed higher β-galactosidase activity in all growth phases compared with L. casei. Greater cell concentration maxima, specific growth rates, and acidification abilities were observed in L. reuteri when it was cultured in milk supplemented with 1% casein peptone compared with non-supplemented milk cultures. Results suggest that the poor milk acidification ability observed in L. reuteri may be more related to a weak proteolytic system than to deficient β-galactosidase activity.Key words: Lactobacillus reuteri, growth parameters, β-galactosidase, acidification.

Oscillating conditions for influencing the composition of mixed biological cultures

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarne R. Horntvedt ◽  
Morten Rambekk ◽  
Rune Bakke
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Similar Strategy ◽  
Sinusoidal Oscillations ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Concentration Levels

This paper presents a strategy in which mixed biological cultures are exposed to oscillating concentration levels, to improve the potential for coexistence of desired bacterial species. A mechanistic mathematical model is constructed to investigate and illustrate this strategy. This paper is focused on competition between nitrifying, denitrifying and aerobic heterotrophic bacteria in a CSTR with sludge recycle. For nitrifying and aerobic heterotrophic cultures, the effect of sinusoidal oscillations in DO levels with an amplitude of 1.0 mg/l is a 16% specific growth rate reduction compared to that at a constant DO level. The denitrifiers growth rate is increased by an average of 59%, compared to the constant DO level situation. A similar strategy has been tested in a pilot plant. It is concluded that the influence on specific growth rates is a function of the amplitude of the oscillations. The effects are greatest when concentrations fluctuate around the half saturation concentration of the rate limiting component(s).

scholarly journals Characterization of Aerosol Composition, Aerosol Acidity and Organic Acid Partitioning at an Agriculture-Intensive Rural Southeastern U.S. Site

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora Nah ◽  
Hongyu Guo ◽  
Amy P. Sullivan ◽  
Yunle Chen ◽  
David J. Tanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molar Concentration ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Phase Water ◽  
Acetic Acids

Abstract. The implementation of stringent emission regulations has resulted in the decline of anthropogenic pollutants including sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO). In contrast, ammonia (NH3) emissions are largely unregulated, with emissions projected to increase in the future. We present real-time aerosol and gas measurements from a field study conducted in an agricultural-intensive region in the southeastern U.S. during the fall of 2016 to investigate how NH3 affects particle acidity and SOA formation via the gas-particle partitioning of semi-volatile organic acids. Particle water and pH were determined using the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic model and validated by comparing predicted inorganic HNO3-NO3− and NH3-NH4+ gas-particle partitioning ratios with measured values. Our results showed that despite the high NH3 concentrations (study average 8.1 ± 5.2 ppb), PM1 were highly acidic with pH values ranging from 0.9 to 3.8, and a study-averaged pH of 2.2 ± 0.6. PM1 pH varied by approximately 1.4 units diurnally. Formic and acetic acids were the most abundant gas-phase organic acids, and oxalate was the most abundant particle-phase water-soluble organic acid anion. Measured particle-phase water-soluble organic acids were on average 6 % of the total non-refractory PM1 organic aerosol mass. The measured molar fraction of oxalic acid in the particle phase (i.e., particle-phase oxalic acid molar concentration divided by the total oxalic acid molar concentration) ranged between 47 and 90 % for PM1 pH 1.2 to 3.4. The measured oxalic acid gas-particle partitioning ratios were in good agreement with their corresponding thermodynamic predictions, calculated based on oxalic acid’s physicochemical properties, ambient temperature, particle water and pH. In contrast, gas-particle partitioning of formic and acetic acids were not well predicted for reasons currently unknown. For this study, higher NH3 concentrations relative to what has been measured in the region in previous studies had minor effects on PM1 organic acids and their influence on the overall organic aerosol and PM1 mass concentrations.

Effects of turbidity on prey consumption and growth in brook trout and implications for bioenergetics modeling

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A Sweka ◽  
Kyle J Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Turbid Water ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were held in an artificial stream to observe the influence of turbidity on mean daily consumption and specific growth rates. Treatment turbidity levels ranged from clear (<3.0 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU)) to very turbid water (> 40 NTU). Observed mean daily specific consumption rates were standardized to the mean weight of all brook trout tested. Turbidity had no significant effect on mean daily consumption, but specific growth rates decreased significantly as turbidity increased. Brook trout in turbid water became more active and switched foraging strategies from drift feeding to active searching. This switch was energetically costly and resulted in lower specific growth rates in turbid water as compared with clear water. Bioenergetics simulations were run to compare observed growth with that predicted by the model. Observed growth values fell below those predicted by the model and the difference increased as turbidity increased. Abiotic factors, such as turbidity, which bring about changes in the activity rates of fish, can have implications for the accuracy of predicted growth by bioenergetics models.

Sex Ratio and Sex-Specific Growth Rates of Immature Green Turtles, Chelonia mydas, in the Southern Bahamas

Copeia ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 (4) ◽  
pp. 1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan B. Bolten ◽  
Karen A. Bjorndal ◽  
Janice S. Grumbles ◽  
David W. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Green Turtles ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

Physiological and cell morphology adaptation ofBacillus subtilisat near-zero specific growth rates: a transcriptome analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wout Overkamp ◽  
Onur Ercan ◽  
Martijn Herber ◽  
Antonius J. A. van Maris ◽  
Michiel Kleerebezem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

Biology of Oscillatoria cf. chalybea, a 2-methylisoborneol producing blue-green alga of Mississippi catfish ponds

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. van der Ploeg ◽  
M. E. Dennis ◽  
M. Q. de Regt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
Blue Green Alga ◽  
Continuous Cultures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Catfish Ponds ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

Relative abundance of Oscillatoria cf. chalybea was monitored during May-November, 1993, in 40 ponds at four catfish farms located 50-100 km apart in west central Mississippi, USA. The occurrence of O. cf.chalybea coincided with the period that water temperatures remained above 20°C. In 70% of ponds, O. cf.chalybea was present for a period of 2-20 weeks. The alga recurred in all ponds where it had been present in 1990 and 1991. The effects of temperature and light availability on growth rate and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) production of O. cf. chalybea were studied in continuous cultures. At 28°C, maximum specific growth rates were 0.8 d−1 (24 h light) and 0.6 d−1 (14 h light :10 h dark). Algal cells contained less MIB when adapted to the shorter light cycle than when grown under continuous light. Specific growth rate of O. cf.chalybea dropped from 0.3 to 0.1 d−1 when temperature was changed from 21 to 19.5°C (14 h light).

scholarly journals Influence of organic acids and organochlorinated insecticides on metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2005 ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusanka Pejin ◽  
Vesna Vasic
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Adaptive Mechanism ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is exposed to different stress factors during the production: osmotic, temperature, oxidative. The response to these stresses is the adaptive mechanism of cells. The raw materials Saccharomyces cerevisiae is produced from, contain metabolism products of present microorganisms and protective agents used during the growth of sugar beet for example the influence of acetic and butyric acid and organochlorinated insecticides, lindan and heptachlor, on the metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated and presented in this work. The mentioned compounds affect negatively the specific growth rate, yield, content of proteins, phosphorus, total ribonucleic acids. These compounds influence the increase of trechalose and glycogen content in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Biological Treatability of Pistachio Processing Industry Wastewaters in a Batch-operated Aerobic Bioreactor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevtap Tırınk ◽  
Alper Nuhoğlu ◽  
Sinan Kul
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Biological Treatability ◽  
Best Fit

Abstract This study encompasses investigation of treatment of pistachio processing industry wastewaters in a batch reactor under aerobic conditions, calculation of kinetic parameters and comparison of different inhibition models. The mixed microorganism culture used in the study was adapted to pistachio processing industry wastewaters for nearly one month and then concentrations from 50-1000 mg L− 1 of pistachio processing industry wastewaters were added to the medium and treatment was investigated in batch experiments. The Andrews, Han-Levenspiel, Luong and Aiba biokinetic equations were chosen for the correlations between the concentration of pistachio processing industry wastewaters and specific growth rates, and the kinetic parameters in these biokinetic equations were calculated. The µmax, Ks and Ki parameters, included in the Aiba biokinetic equation providing best fit among the other equations, had values calculated as 0.25 h− 1, 19 mg L− 1, and 516 mg L− 1, respectively.

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