scholarly journals Smart and Functional Conducting Polymers: Application to Electrorheological Fluids

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Lu ◽  
Wen Han ◽  
Hyoung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Electrorheological Fluids ◽  
Dynamic Moduli ◽  
Inorganic Particles ◽  
Viscoelastic Behaviors ◽  
Poly Ionic Liquid ◽  
Er Fluids

Electro-responsive smart electrorheological (ER) fluids consist of electrically polarizing organic or inorganic particles and insulating oils in general. In this study, we focus on various conducting polymers of polyaniline and its derivatives and copolymers, along with polypyrrole and poly(ionic liquid), which are adopted as smart and functional materials in ER fluids. Their ER characteristics, including viscoelastic behaviors of shear stress, yield stress, and dynamic moduli, and dielectric properties are expounded and appraised using polarizability measurement, flow curve testing, inductance-capacitance-resistance meter testing, and several rheological equations of state. Furthermore, their potential industrial applications are also covered.

Coating of Polyaniline with an Insulating Polymer to Improve the Power Efficiency of Electrorheological Fluids

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (14n16) ◽  
pp. 1931-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Akhavan ◽  
K. Slack ◽  
V. Wise ◽  
H. Block
Keyword(s):  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Electrorheological Fluids ◽  
Emeraldine Base ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Base Form ◽  
Static Yield ◽  
High Fields ◽  
Er Fluids ◽  
Er Fluid ◽  
A Current

Currents drawn under high fields often present practical limitations to electrorheological (ER) fluids usefulness. For heavy-duty applications where large torques have to be transmitted, the power consumption of a ER fluid can be considerable, and for such uses a current density of ~100μ A cm -2 is often taken as a practical upper limit. This investigation was conducted into designing a fluid which has little extraneous conductance and therefore would demand less current. Selected semi-conducting polymers provide effective substrates for ER fluids. Such polymers are soft insoluble powdery materials with densities similar to dispersing agents used in ER formulations. Polyaniline is a semi-conducting polymer and can be used as an effective ER substrate in its emeraldine base form. In order to provide an effective ER fluid which requires less current polyaniline was coated with an insulating polymer. The conditions for coating was established for lauryl and methyl methacrylate. Results from static yield measurements indicate that ER fluids containing coated polyaniline required less current than uncoated polyaniline i.e. 0.5μ A cm -2. The generic type of coating was also found to be important.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology: A Journey towards Finding Solutions

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Satya Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
American Physical ◽  
Richard Feynman ◽  
And Control ◽  
Thin Film Magnetism

<p class="1Body">Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at the diemnsions ranging between 1-100 nm. One nanometer is one billionth of a meter. Nanotechnology involves manipulation of atoms, imaging, measuring and modelling at nano scale. Its potentials were first highlighted by Richard Feynman in the American Physical Scociety meeting in 1959. Though, he did not coin the world nanotechnology himself but he explored the possiblities of functional materials at the bottom of the scale. In last two decades this technology has been commercialized to great extent and gaining importance day by day influencing the economies of different countries and henceforth enforcing the policy makers to address the issues like environment, health and safety. Governments are regularisaing and monitoring its research, uses, applications and technology transfer which includes intelluctaul property rights. This paper addresses the dimensions and trends of nanotechnology covering economic aspects. The paper is focussed on the changes in the functional properties of nanomaterials as physical, chemical, optical, electronic, electrical, magnetic etc. in comparision to those of the bulk of material. It has been discussed how the basic and advance research in nanoscience could be explotiedfor making technologies for its commercial and industrial applications for the benefit and safety of the soceity. Thin film magnetism is demonstrated using Monte Carlo simulation method. Experimental synthesisof some of thenanorods and qunatum dots are also discussed.</p>

Prediction of physical properties of thermosetting resin by using machine learning and structural formulas of raw materials

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (29-30) ◽  
pp. 1567-1575
Author(s):  
Kokin Nakajin ◽  
Takuya Minami ◽  
Masaaki Kawata ◽  
Toshio Fujita ◽  
Katsumi Murofushi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Thermosetting Resins ◽  
Mixing Ratios

AbstractThermosetting resins are one of the most widely used functional materials in industrial applications. Although some of the physical properties of thermosetting resins are controlled by changing the functional groups of the raw materials or adjusting their mixing ratios, it was conventionally challenging to construct machine learning (ML) models, which include both mixing ratio and chemical information such as functional groups. To overcome this problem, we propose a machine learning approach based on extended circular fingerprint (ECFP) in this study. First, we predicted the classification of raw materials by the random forest, where ECFP was used as the explanatory variable. Then, we aggregated ECFP for each classification predicted by the random forest. After that, we constructed the prediction model by using the aggregated ECFP, feature quantities of reaction intermediates, and curing conditions of resin as explanatory variables. As a result, the model was able to predict in high accuracy (R^2 = 0.8), for example, the elastic modulus of thermosetting resins. Furthermore, we also show the result of verification of prediction accuracy in first step, such as using the one-hot-encording. Therefore, we confirmed that the properties of thermosetting resins could be predicted using mixed raw materials by the proposed method.

scholarly journals Recent Advances of Conducting Polymers and Their Composites for Electrochemical Biosensing Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. T. Luong ◽  
Tarun Narayan ◽  
Shipra Solanki ◽  
Bansi D. Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Glucose Sensing ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensing ◽  
And Performance

Conducting polymers (CPs) have been at the center of research owing to their metal-like electrochemical properties and polymer-like dispersion nature. CPs and their composites serve as ideal functional materials for diversified biomedical applications like drug delivery, tissue engineering, and diagnostics. There have also been numerous biosensing platforms based on polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPY), polythiophene (PTP), and their composites. Based on their unique properties and extensive use in biosensing matrices, updated information on novel CPs and their role is appealing. This review focuses on the properties and performance of biosensing matrices based on CPs reported in the last three years. The salient features of CPs like PANI, PPY, PTP, and their composites with nanoparticles, carbon materials, etc. are outlined along with respective examples. A description of mediator conjugated biosensor designs and enzymeless CPs based glucose sensing has also been included. The future research trends with required improvements to improve the analytical performance of CP-biosensing devices have also been addressed.

Industrial applications of cubic equations of state for VLE calculations, with emphasis on H2 systems

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 59-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Gray ◽  
J.L. Heidman ◽  
S.C. Hwang ◽  
C. Tsonopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Equations Of State ◽  
Industrial Applications

Calcium Carbonate and Cellulose/Calcium Carbonate Composites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 875 ◽  
pp. 24-44
Author(s):  
Ming Guo Ma ◽  
Shan Liu ◽  
Lian Hua Fu
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Water Pretreatment ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Co Precipitation

CaCO3 has six polymorphs such as vaterite, aragonite, calcite, amorphous, crystalline monohydrate, and hexahydrate CaCO3. CaCO3 is a typical biomineral that is abundant in both organisms and nature and has important industrial applications. Cellulose could be used as feedstocks for producing biofuels, bio-based chemicals, and high value-added bio-based materials. In the past, more attentions have been paid to the synthesis and applications of CaCO3 and cellulose/CaCO3 nanocomposites due to its relating properties such as mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and biodegradation, and bioactivity, and potential applications including biomedical, antibacterial, and water pretreatment fields as functional materials. A variety of synthesis methods such as the hydrothermal/solvothermal method, biomimetic mineralization method, microwave-assisted method, (co-) precipitation method, and sonochemistry method, were employed to the preparation of CaCO3 and cellulose/CaCO3 nanocomposites. In this chapter, the recent development of CaCO3 and cellulose/CaCO3 nanocomposites has been reviewed. The synthesis, characterization, and biomedical applications of CaCO3 and cellulose/CaCO3 nanocomposites are summarized. The future developments of CaCO3 and cellulose/CaCO3 nanocomposites are also suggested.

Title: Inkjet-printed rectifying metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) diodes for flexible electronic applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyan Yoti Mitra ◽  
Carme Martínez-Domingo ◽  
Enrico Sowade ◽  
Eloi Ramon ◽  
Henrique Leonel Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Schottky Diodes ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Plastic Substrate ◽  
Organic Thin Film ◽  
Metal Insulator ◽  
Metal Insulator Semiconductor ◽  
Mis Diode

ABSTRACTInkjet printing is a well-accepted deposition technology for functional materials in the area of printed electronics. It allows the precise deposition of patterned functional layers on both, rigid and flexible substrates. Furthermore, inkjet printing is considered as up-scalable technology towards industrial applications. Many electronic devices manufactured with inkjet printing have been reported in the recent years. Some of the evident examples are capacitors, resistors, organic thin film transistors and rectifying Schottky diodes. [1, 2, 3] In this paper we report on the manufacturing of an inkjet-printed metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) diode on flexible plastic substrate. The structure is comprised of an insulating and a polymeric semiconducting layer sandwiched between two silver electrodes. The current vs. voltage characteristics are rectifying with rectification ratio up to 100 at |4 V|. Furthermore, they can carry high current densities (up to mA/cm2) and have a low capacitance which makes them attractive for high frequency rectifying circuits. They are also an ideal candidate to replace conventional Schottky diodes for which the fabrication remains a challenge. This is because inkjet printing of Schottky diodes require additional processing steps such as intense pulsed light sintering (IPL sintering) [4] or post-treatments at high temperatures. The deposition of two different metal layers using inkjet printing e.g. Cu or Al with Ag is possible. However, the mentioned post treatment technologies might be incompatible with the already existing layer stack– e.g. it could degrade the organic semiconductor or can damage insulator which in this case is present in the MIS diode architecture.

Physicochemical Aspects of Forming Electrorheological Fluids

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (14n16) ◽  
pp. 1739-1749
Author(s):  
E.V. Korobko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Electrorheological Fluids ◽  
Er Fluids

Based on the experimental results and physical representations fo ER-fluids as a "poor" dielectric, a physical model of the ER-effect is elaborated and the main approaches to creation of electrosensitive fluids with desired properties are determined.

Temperature Effect on Yield Stress of Electrorheological Fluids: Experimental Investigation

2006 ◽  
Vol 324-325 ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Bok Choi ◽  
Jung Woo Sohn ◽  
Y.S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effect ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Electrorheological Fluids ◽  
Shear Mode ◽  
Liquid Particle ◽  
Carrier Liquid ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Er Fluids ◽  
Rotational Shear

In the present paper, temperature effect on yield stress of electrorheological fluids is experimentally investigated. A rotational shear-mode type electroviscometer is designed and manufactured for the identification of Bingham characteristics of ER fluids. Optimization of ER fluids is undertaken with carrier liquid, particle and additive treatment and then four different ER fluids are prepared for the test. The field-dependent yield stress, current density and response time of optimized ER fluids are compared at various temperature conditions.

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