scholarly journals Treatment Strategies for Infected Wounds

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Negut ◽  
Valentina Grumezescu ◽  
Alexandru Grumezescu
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Tea Tree

The treatment of skin wounds is a key research domain owing to the important functional and aesthetic role of this tissue. When the skin is impaired, bacteria can soon infiltrate into underlying tissues which can lead to life-threatening infections. Consequently, effective treatments are necessary to deal with such pathological conditions. Recently, wound dressings loaded with antimicrobial agents have emerged as viable options to reduce wound bacterial colonization and infection, in order to improve the healing process. In this paper, we present an overview of the most prominent antibiotic-embedded wound dressings, as well as the limitations of their use. A promising, but still an underrated group of potential antibacterial agents that can be integrated into wound dressings are natural products, especially essential oils. Some of the most commonly used essential oils against multidrug-resistant microorganisms, such as tea tree, St. John’s Wort, lavender and oregano, together with their incorporation into wound dressings are presented. In addition, another natural product that exhibits encouraging antibacterial activity is honey. We highlight recent results of several studies carried out by researchers from different regions of the world on wound dressings impregnated with honey, with a special emphasis on Manuka honey. Finally, we highlight recent advances in using nanoparticles as platforms to increase the effect of pharmaceutical formulations aimed at wound healing. Silver, gold, and zinc nanoparticles alone or functionalized with diverse antimicrobial compounds have been integrated into wound dressings and demonstrated therapeutic effects on wounds.

scholarly journals Effect of Essential Oils on the Inhibition of Biofilm and Quorum Sensing in Salmonella Enteritidis 13076 and Salmonella Typhimurium 14028

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1191
Author(s):  
Yuliany Guillín ◽  
Marlon Cáceres ◽  
Rodrigo Torres ◽  
Elena Stashenko ◽  
Claudia Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition

The emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms represents a global challenge that has led to a search for new antimicrobial compounds. Essential oils (EOs) from medicinal aromatic plants are a potential alternative for conventional antibiotics. In this study, the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm potential of 15 EOs was evaluated on planktonic and biofilm-associated cells of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis ATCC 13076 (S. enteritidis) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028 (S. typhimurium). In total, 4 out of 15 EOs showed antimicrobial activity and 6 EOs showed anti-biofilm activity against both strains. The EO from the Lippia origanoides chemotype thymol-carvacrol II (LTC II) presented the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50 = 0.37 mg mL−1) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC = 0.75 mg mL−1) values. This EO also presented the highest percentage of biofilm inhibition (>65%) on both microorganisms, which could be confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Transcriptional analysis showed significant changes in the expression of the genes related to quorum sensing and the formation of the biofilm. EOs could inhibit the expression of genes involved in the quorum sensing mechanism (luxR, luxS, qseB, sdiA) and biofilm formation (csgA, csgB, csgD, flhD, fliZ, and motB), indicating their potential use as anti-biofilm antimicrobial agents. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the action mechanisms of essential oils on the bacterial cells under study.

Antifungal activity of essential oils against azole-resistant and azole-susceptible vaginal Candida glabrata strains

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 647-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Massa ◽  
S. Cantamessa ◽  
G. Novello ◽  
E. Ranzato ◽  
S. Martinotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Different Strains

Candida glabrata is an opportunistic pathogen, associated with endocarditis, meningitis, and disseminated disease, and also with complicated vaginitis. Essential oils derived from aromatic plants are known in traditional medicine as antimicrobial agents and have antifungal properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether 12 tested essential oils (tea tree, laurel, anise, basil, bergamot, lavender, mint, oregano, grapefruit, rosemary, winter savory, and ginger) could have a transverse effect on C. glabrata sensitive strains but above all on strains resistant to the three main azole antifungals used (clotrimazole, fluconazole, itraconazole). For this reason, different strains of C. glabrata, vaginal isolated, were characterized (disk diffusion assay, minimal inhibitory concentration) with respect to their response to such antifungals. Electron microscopy analyses were performed to examine cellular damages in depth. Subsequently, we wanted to evaluate the effect of the oils on human cells to estimate their potential cytotoxicity. Oregano and winter savory were the two most effective essential oils, inducing growth inhibition, cell damage of C. glabrata strains (both sensitive and resistant to azole antifungal drugs), and medium–high level of toxicity against human keratinocytes. The results of this work support the research for new alternatives or complementary therapies against vaginal candidiasis.

scholarly journals In Vitro Efficacy of Essential Oils from Melaleuca Alternifolia and Rosmarinus Officinalis, Manuka Honey-based Gel, and Propolis as Antibacterial Agents Against Canine Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius Strains

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Gabriele Meroni ◽  
Elena Cardin ◽  
Charlotte Rendina ◽  
Valentina Rafaela Herrera Millar ◽  
Joel Fernando Soares Filipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius ◽  
Tea Tree

Essential oils (EOs) and honeybee products (e.g., honey and propolis) are natural mixtures of different volatile compounds that are frequently used in traditional medicine and for pathogen eradication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) EO (TTEO), Rosmarinus officinalis EO (ROEO), manuka-based gel, and propolis against 23 strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (SP) isolated from canine pyoderma. Antimicrobial resistance screening was assessed using a panel of nine antimicrobial agents coupled with a PCR approach. An aromatogram was done for both EOs, using the disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for all the compounds. Among the 23 SP strains, 14 (60.9%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR), 11 strains (47.8%) were methicillin-resistant (MRSP), and 9 (39.1%) were non-MDR. The mean diameter of the inhibition zone for Melaleuca and Rosmarinus were 24.5 ± 8.8 mm and 15.2 ± 8.9 mm, respectively, resulting as statistically different (p = 0.0006). MIC values of TTEO and ROEO were similar (7.6 ± 3.2% and 8.9 ± 2.1%, respectively) and no statistical significances were found. Honeybee products showed lower MIC compared to those of EOs, 0.22 ± 0.1% for Manuka and 0.8 ± 0.5% for propolis. These findings reveal a significant antibacterial effect for all the tested products.

scholarly journals Gelatin-Based Hybrid Scaffolds: Promising Wound Dressings

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sindi P. Ndlovu ◽  
Kwanele Ngece ◽  
Sibusiso Alven ◽  
Blessing A. Aderibigbe
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
Delayed Wound Healing

Wound care is a major biomedical field that is challenging due to the delayed wound healing process. Some factors are responsible for delayed wound healing such as malnutrition, poor oxygen flow, smoking, diseases (such as diabetes and cancer), microbial infections, etc. The currently used wound dressings suffer from various limitations, including poor antimicrobial activity, etc. Wound dressings that are formulated from biopolymers (e.g., cellulose, chitin, gelatin, chitosan, etc.) demonstrate interesting properties, such as good biocompatibility, non-toxicity, biodegradability, and attractive antimicrobial activity. Although biopolymer-based wound dressings display the aforementioned excellent features, they possess poor mechanical properties. Gelatin, a biopolymer has excellent biocompatibility, hemostatic property, reduced cytotoxicity, low antigenicity, and promotes cellular attachment and growth. However, it suffers from poor mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity. It is crosslinked with other polymers to enhance its mechanical properties. Furthermore, the incorporation of antimicrobial agents into gelatin-based wound dressings enhance their antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo. This review is focused on the development of hybrid wound dressings from a combination of gelatin and other polymers with good biological, mechanical, and physicochemical features which are appropriate for ideal wound dressings. Gelatin-based wound dressings are promising scaffolds for the treatment of infected, exuding, and bleeding wounds. This review article reports gelatin-based wound dressings which were developed between 2016 and 2021.

scholarly journals Intelligent wound dressing for diagnostic & therapeutic applications - critical to wound infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Mahmood ◽  
Anne-Marie Salisbury ◽  
Rui Chen ◽  
Stephen Rimmer ◽  
Steven Percival
Keyword(s):  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
Polymer Complex ◽  
Triggered Release ◽  
Antibiofilm Agents

A medical device comprising of biomaterials responsive to biochemical stimuli: channel for indicating the infective states of wounds and ensuring delivery of smart antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents to promote tissue regeneration and healing. The importance of providing diagnostic wound dressings that can inform healthcare professionals on the state of infection within wounds but also provide some of the treatment required in response to at risk or infected wounds is of key interest. The aim is to investigate an innovative proof of concept diagnostic and detection system, an intelligent hydrogel wound dressing that responds to specific biochemical stimuli in wounds (MMPs and pH) enabling the selective and triggered release of antibiofilm and antimicrobial agents (‘Detect and Treat’)to the trauma site. The dressing is made of a sterile alginate core material covered in a biocompatible dry or hydrated peptide-polymer-complex film and may include a fluorescent dye which upon release during the wound healing process indicates when a change in dressing is necessary. Efficacy studies of the hydrogel dressing were performed within a drip-flow bioreactor in which regression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm was observed. A 5-log reduction in biofilm was observed in comparison to an untreated control biofilm. The hydrogel dressing indicated a clear response when in contact with biofilms produced only by pathogenic strains of bacteria when analysed. This further confirmed the adequate release and function of the antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents within the peptide-polymer-complex formulation of the hydrogel wound dressing.

scholarly journals Strain diversity and antibiotic-sensitivity of staphylococcus spp. Isolates from patients of multiprofile pediatric hospital in St. Petersburg, Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
D. P. Gladin ◽  
A. R. Khairullina ◽  
A. M. Korolyuk ◽  
N. S. Kozlova ◽  
O. V. Ananyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Background. Staphylocci are the leading pus-forming Gram-positive bacteria in the childrens hospitals. The prevalence of the antibiotic resistant strains among them limits therapeutic effects of infections in children. Aim. The research is aimed at characterizing the species of staphylococcus, which are isolated from the different clinical specimens of the patients at the clinics of Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University in 2019, and analysis of their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Materials and metods. According to the clinical recommendations of 2018, susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs (AMD) was revealed in 860 strains of staphylococci determined by the disc diffusion method, which were identified by the automated analyser Vitek-2 compact. Results. Six species of staphylococci were represented at the hospital departments, among which Staphylococcus epidermidis prevailed in the departments of the neonate pathology department and intensive care units (63.0% and 46.2% respectively), Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found at the departments of surgery and the departments of the therapeutic profiles (61.7% and 46.2% respectively). More than a half of the staphylococci strains (63.0%) were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobial drugs. Vancomycin and line solid showed the highest activity to these staphylococci. High specific weight of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria (37.8%) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains of the phenotype (33.0%) was revealed. The level of antibiotic resistant strains was the highest in Staphylococcus haemolyticus (98.1%) and S. epidermidis (82.0%), while the specific weight of the resistant ones, MDR and XDR strains was extremely low among S. aureus (16.2%, 1.5% and 0.4 respectively), as well as in methicillin-resistant isolates (0.8%). Conclusions. A great variety of antibiotic resistance was revealed among the staphylococci. The prevalence of these strains in the pediatric hospitals requires constant local monitoring of the antibiotic resistant staphylococci.

scholarly journals Hydrogel Dressings for the Treatment of Burn Wounds: An Up-To-Date Overview

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Elena Stoica ◽  
Cristina Chircov ◽  
Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
Keyword(s):  
Healing Process ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Water ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Promising Alternative

Globally, the fourth most prevalent devastating form of trauma are burn injuries. Ideal burn wound dressings are fundamental to facilitate the wound healing process and decrease pain in lower time intervals. Conventional dry dressing treatments, such as those using absorbent gauze and/or absorbent cotton, possess limited therapeutic effects and require repeated dressing changes, which further aggravate patients’ suffering. Contrariwise, hydrogels represent a promising alternative to improve healing by assuring a moisture balance at the burn site. Most studies consider hydrogels as ideal candidate materials for the synthesis of wound dressings because they exhibit a three-dimensional (3D) structure, which mimics the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) of skin in regard to the high-water amount, which assures a moist environment to the wound. There is a wide variety of polymers that have been used, either alone or blended, for the fabrication of hydrogels designed for biomedical applications focusing on treating burn injuries. The aim of this paper is to provide an up-to-date overview of hydrogels applied in burn wound dressings.

scholarly journals An Update on Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) and Their Delivery Strategies for Wound Infections

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viorica Patrulea ◽  
Gerrit Borchard ◽  
Olivier Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Clinical Phase ◽  
Delivery Strategies

Bacterial infections occur when wound healing fails to reach the final stage of healing, which is usually hindered by the presence of different pathogens. Different topical antimicrobial agents are used to inhibit bacterial growth due to antibiotic failure in reaching the infected site, which is accompanied very often by increased drug resistance and other side effects. In this review, we focus on antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), especially those with a high potential of efficacy against multidrug-resistant and biofilm-forming bacteria and fungi present in wound infections. Currently, different AMPs undergo preclinical and clinical phase to combat infection-related diseases. AMP dendrimers (AMPDs) have been mentioned as potent microbial agents. Various AMP delivery strategies that are used to combat infection and modulate the healing rate—such as polymers, scaffolds, films and wound dressings, and organic and inorganic nanoparticles—have been discussed as well. New technologies such as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) are taken into consideration as potential future tools for AMP delivery in skin therapy.

scholarly journals Poly(butylene succinate) fibrous dressings containing natural antimicrobial agents

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372098720
Author(s):  
Kinana Aliko ◽  
Mohamad Basel Aldakhlalla ◽  
Laura J Leslie ◽  
Tony Worthington ◽  
Paul D Topham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Skin Substitute ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Butylene Succinate

Poly(butylene succinate) (PBSU) is a biodegradable and biocompatible synthetic aliphatic polyester, which has been used extensively in packaging, catering and agriculture, and more recently in drug delivery and bone and cartilage repair. PBSU-based mats created by electrospinning show promise as wound dressing materials because of their good mechanical properties, high surface area-to-volume ratio and increased levels of porosity. In this work, we present the creation of antimicrobial PBSU fibrous mats through the incorporation of natural food grade agents via blend electrospinning. Three types of edible gums (namely arabic, karaya and tragacanth), two essential oils (coriander and lavender), and one free fatty acid (linoleic acid) were added to PBSU containing a chain extender and their effect on six clinically relevant pathogens was evaluated. Mats containing essential oils at the highest concentration studied (7% w/v) showed some antimicrobial behaviour against S. aureus, E. hirae and P. aeruginosa, whereas the incorporation of linoleic acid at both concentrations tested (3% and 5% w/v) gave a strong reaction against S. pyogenes. Gum arabic was the only gum that had a considerable impact on S. aureus. Furthermore, the three gums enhanced the mechanical properties of the polymer mats and brought them closer to those of the human skin, whilst all agents maintained the high biocompatibility of the PBSU mats when contacted with mouse fibroblasts. This work, for the first time, shows the great promise of PBSU blended fibres as a skin substitute and paves the way towards bioactive and cost effective wound dressings from renewable materials.

scholarly journals Essential oils and metal ions as alternative antimicrobial agents: a focus on tea tree oil and silver

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Li Low ◽  
Ken Kenward ◽  
Stephen T Britland ◽  
Mohd CIM Amin ◽  
Claire Martin
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Tea Tree Oil ◽  
Tea Tree
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