scholarly journals Studying the Structural Significance of Galectin Design by Playing a Modular Puzzle: Homodimer Generation from Human Tandem-Repeat-Type (Heterodimeric) Galectin-8 by Domain Shuffling

Molecules ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Kristin Ludwig ◽  
Malwina Michalak ◽  
Nadya Shilova ◽  
Sabine André ◽  
Herbert Kaltner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Repeat Type ◽  
Domain Shuffling ◽  
Structural Significance

Development of highly stable galectins: Truncation of the linker peptide confers protease-resistance on tandem-repeat type galectins

FEBS Letters ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 579 (10) ◽  
pp. 2058-2064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nozomu Nishi ◽  
Aiko Itoh ◽  
Aimi Fujiyama ◽  
Naoko Yoshida ◽  
Shin-ichi Araya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Repeat Type ◽  
Protease Resistance ◽  
Linker Peptide

scholarly journals Comparative study of the glycan specificities of cell-bound human tandem-repeat-type galectin-4, -8 and -9

Glycobiology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1207-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga A Vokhmyanina ◽  
Eugenia M Rapoport ◽  
Sabine André ◽  
Vyacheslav V Severov ◽  
Ivan Ryzhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Repeat Type

Hypervariable plastid locus variation and intron evolution in the Anacamptis palustris lineage

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 999-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Cozzolino ◽  
Donata Cafasso ◽  
Giuseppe Pellegrino ◽  
Aldo Musacchio ◽  
Alex Widmer
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Intron Evolution ◽  
Repeat Type ◽  
Group A ◽  
Anacamptis Palustris ◽  
Large Survey

Data on the organization of a hypervariable chloroplast locus in the Anacamptis palustris (Orchidaceae) lineage are provided and used to infer the pattern of molecular evolution in this group. A large survey of sequence variation in A. palustris and allied taxa reveals several repeat types differing in number and organization that occur in the same plastid region. The resulting repeat type network suggests that at least seven different minisatellite loci evolved near each other in the tRNALEU intron and indicates the presence of at least three main phyletic lines in the A. palustris lineage.Key words: Anacamptis palustris, intron evolution, plastid DNA, tandem repeat, VNTRs.

Activation of the Inflammatory Cytokine Genes by Intracellular Galectin-9 in Human Monocytes.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 2212-2212
Author(s):  
Ai Matsuura ◽  
Junichi Tsukada ◽  
Mitsuomi Hirashima ◽  
Yoshiya Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Transient Transfection ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Human Monocytes ◽  
Repeat Type ◽  
Cytokine Genes

Abstract Galectins are a family member of animal lectins that function both extracellularly (by interacting with cell surface and extracellular matrix glycoproteins and glycolipids) and intracellularly (by interacting with cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins) to modulate signaling pathways. To date, 15 galectins have been cloned in mammals. The members can be classified into 3 subtypes according to their structure. The proto type and chimera type galectins have a single CRD. The tandem-repeat type galectins have two CRDs. In this regard, galectin-9 is a tandem repeat type galectin, which has been identified as a tumor antigen of unknown functions in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. Galectin-9 has recently demonstrated to induce chemotaxis of eosinophils and apoptosis in a variety of cells, resulting in immunomodulation, inflammation and anti-metastatic potential of tumor cells. However, the role of galectin-9 in the inflammatory responses still remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether intracellular galectin-9 contributes to activation of the inflammatory cytokine genes such as IL-1α, IL-1β and IFNγin human monocytes. Protein expression of galectin-9 in human THP-1 monocytic cells was examined in western blot with anti-galectin-9 Ab and immunostaining studies using a confocal microscopy. A galectin-9 expression vector pBKCMV3-Galectin-9 was transiently cotransfected into THP-1 cells along with luciferase reporter plasmids for IL-1α, IL-1β and IFNγgene promoters. Galectin-9 was detected in the cytoplasm of untreated THP-1 cells, and the expression levels of galectin-9 protein was significantly enhanced in THP-1 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In transient transfection studies, overexpression of galectin-9 dose-dependently activated IL-1α, IL-1β and IFNγgene promoters in THP-1 cells, showing that intracellular galectin-9 has capacity to induce the inflammatory cytokine genes in monocytes. This argument was further supported by our reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) data that galectin-9 overexpression enhanced mRNA levels of IL-1α and β in THP-1 cells. When luciferase reporter plasmids for transcription factors including NF-IL6, NF-κB and AP-1 were transiently cotransfected into THP-1 cells along with pBKCMV3-Galectin-9, NF-IL6 and AP-1 activities were induced by galectin-9 overexpression. Our coimmunoprecipitation study, using anti-galectin-9 Ab and anti-NF-IL6 Ab revealed that intracellular galectin-9 was physically associated with NF-IL6. On the other hand, galectin-9 failed to induce NF-κB activity. Additionally, in contrast to the data obtained from transient transfection studies using pBKCMV3-Galectin-9, no significant induction of IL-1α promoter activity was observed by adding galectin-9 protein to THP-1 cell culture medium, indicating that extracellular galectin-9 dose not affect the inflammatory cytokine gene regulation. Our results strongly suggested that intracellular galectin-9 has the capability to transactivate the inflammatory cytokine genes through the physical interaction with leucin zipper transcription factors such as NF-IL6 in monocytes.

Carbohydrate specificity of chicken and human tandem-repeat-type galectins-8 in composition of cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 1185-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Vokhmyanina ◽  
E. M. Rapoport ◽  
I. M. Ryzhov ◽  
E. Yu. Korchagina ◽  
G. V. Pazynina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Carbohydrate Specificity ◽  
Repeat Type
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