scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Viscum coloratum Extract on IgE/Antigen-Activated Mast Cells and Mast Cell-Derived Inflammatory Mediator-Activated Chondrocytes

Molecules ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Myung Yoo ◽  
Ju-Hye Yang ◽  
Young Kim ◽  
Hye Yang ◽  
Won-Kyung Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Mediator ◽  
Inhibitory Effects

scholarly journals Mast Cell Chymase and Kidney Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Shamila Vibhushan ◽  
Manuela Bratti ◽  
Juan Eduardo Montero-Hernández ◽  
Alaa El Ghoneimi ◽  
Marc Benhamou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Inflammatory Mediator ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Mast Cell Chymase

A sizable part (~2%) of the human genome encodes for proteases. They are involved in many physiological processes, such as development, reproduction and inflammation, but also play a role in pathology. Mast cells (MC) contain a variety of MC specific proteases, the expression of which may differ between various MC subtypes. Amongst these proteases, chymase represents up to 25% of the total proteins in the MC and is released from cytoplasmic granules upon activation. Once secreted, it cleaves the targets in the local tissue environment, but may also act in lymph nodes infiltrated by MC, or systemically, when reaching the circulation during an inflammatory response. MC have been recognized as important components in the development of kidney disease. Based on this observation, MC chymase has gained interest following the discovery that it contributes to the angiotensin-converting enzyme’s independent generation of angiotensin II, an important inflammatory mediator in the development of kidney disease. Hence, progress regarding its role has been made based on studies using inhibitors but also on mice deficient in MC protease 4 (mMCP-4), the functional murine counterpart of human chymase. In this review, we discuss the role and actions of chymase in kidney disease. While initially believed to contribute to pathogenesis, the accumulated data favor a more subtle view, indicating that chymase may also have beneficial actions.

scholarly journals A novel mice model of acute flares in osteoarthritis elicited by intra-articular injection of cultured mast cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junpei Dan ◽  
Masashi Izumi ◽  
Hiroko Habuchi ◽  
Osami Habuchi ◽  
Shogo Takaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Monosodium Iodoacetate ◽  
Disease Modifying Treatment

Abstract Purpose Mast cells are multifunctional in osteoarthritis (OA), and infiltration of activated mast cells likely contributes to disease severity and progression. However, the detailed mechanisms of action are unclear. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of mast cell infiltration in OA at histological level using a new mice model and to investigate pharmacological inhibitory effects of existing mast cell stabilizers in this model. Methods Mice were injected intra-articularly with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA 0.5 mg) or PBS on day 0, and PBS, with or without mast cells (MC: 1 × 106 cells) on day 14. They were divided into four groups: OA flare (MIA + MC), OA (MIA + PBS), MC non-OA (PBS + MC), and PBS non-OA (PBS + PBS). In OA flare, the MC stabilizer drug (tranilast: 400 mg/kg/day) or PBS was administered intraperitoneally from days 15 to 21. Results Histologically, modified Mankin score of the OA flare was significantly higher than that of OA (7.0 [1.8] vs. 3.3 [1.3], P < 0.05), and a larger number of mast cells was observed in OA flare than in OA (34.5 [6.3]/mm2 vs. 27.2 [2.3]/mm2, P < 0.05) on day 22. OA flare also showed acute exacerbation of pain and increased gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and aggrecanase compared with OA. Administration of tranilast to OA flare-up provoked significant improvements in term of histological changes, pain, and gene expression at day 22. Conclusion Our novel model possibly mimics OA flare conditions, which may open a new strategy of disease-modifying treatment for OA, focused on controlling the multiple functions of mast cells.

Synergistic Growth-Inhibitory Effects of Two Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors, Dasatinib and PKC412, on Neoplastic Mast Cells Expressing the D816V-Mutated Oncogenic Variant of KIT.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 526-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoline V. Gleixner ◽  
Matthias Mayerhofer ◽  
Karoline Sonneck ◽  
Alexander Gruze ◽  
Puchit Samorapoompichit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Systemic Mastocytosis ◽  
Cell Leukemia ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Mast Cell Leukemia ◽  
Kit D816v

Abstract In a majority of all patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM) including aggressive SM and mast cell leukemia (MCL), neoplastic cells display the D816V-mutated variant of KIT. The respective oncoprotein, KIT-D816V, exhibits constitutive tyrosine kinase (TK) activity and has been implicated in malignant cell growth. Therefore, several attempts have been made to identify KIT-D816V-targeting drugs. We found that the TK-inhibitor dasatinib (BMS-354825) inhibits TK activity of wild type (wt) KIT and KIT-D816V in Ba/F3 cells with doxycycline-inducible KIT-expression. In addition, dasatinib was found to inhibit KIT D816V-induced cluster formation and viability in Ba/F3 cells as well as growth of HMC-1.1 cells (KIT-D816V-negative) and HMC-1.2 cells (KIT-D816V-positive). The effects of dasatinib on growth of HMC-1 cells were dose-dependent, with 100–1,000-fold higher IC50-values in cells harbouring KIT-D816V compared to cells lacking KIT-D816V. Furthermore, dasatinib was found to inhibit the growth of primary neoplastic mast cells in SM in all patients examined. The inhibitory effects of dasatinib in HMC-1 cells were found to be associated with apoptosis and a decrease in expression of CD2 and CD63 as determined by flow cytometry. In addition, dasatinib was found to cooperate with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors PKC412 (midostaurin), AMN107 (nilotinib), and STI571 (imatinib), as well as with 2CdA (cladribine) in producing growth-inhibition in neoplastic mast cells. In HMC-1.1 cells, all drug-interactions applied were found to be synergistic. By contrast, in HMC-1.2 cells, only the combinations “dasatinib+PKC412” and “dasatinib+2CdA” were found to produce synergistic effects. These drug-combinations may thus represent an interesting pharmacologic approach for the treatment of patients with aggressive systemic mastocytosis or mast cell leukemia.

Cytochemical analysis of mast cell granules after poly-dl-lysine action

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
R. Courtoy ◽  
L.J. Simar ◽  
J. Christophe
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Organic Bases ◽  
Ferric Thiocyanate ◽  
Cytochemical Analysis ◽  
Mast Cell Granule ◽  
Amine Liberation

Several chemical compounds induce amine liberation from mast cells but do not necessarily provoque the granule expulsion. For example, poly-dl-lysine induces modifications of the cellular membrane permeability which promotes ion exchange at the level of mast cell granules. Few of them are expulsed but the majority remains in the cytoplasm and appears less dense to the electrons. A cytochemical analysis has been performed to determine the composition of these granules after the polylysine action.We have previously reported that it was possible to demonstrate polyanions on epon thin sections using a cetylpyridinium ferric thiocyanate method. Organic bases are selectively stained with cobalt thiocyanate and the sulfhydryle groups are characterized with a silver methenamine reaction. These techniques permit to reveal the mast cell granule constituents, i.e. heparin, biogenic amines and basic proteins.

Magnesium and sulfur in mast cell and basophil granules of lower vertebrates in relation with histamine

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1596-1597
Author(s):  
Kenichi Takaya
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

Mast cell and basophil granules of the vertebrate contain heparin or related sulfated proteoglycans. Histamine is also present in mammalian mast cells and basophils. However, no histamine is detected in mast cell granules of the amphibian or fish, while it is shown in those of reptiles and birds A quantitative x-ray microanalysis of mast cell granules of fresh frozen dried ultrathin sections of the tongue of Wistar rats and tree frogs disclosed high concentrations of sulfur in rat mast cell granules and those of sulfur and magnesium in the tree frog granules. Their concentrations in tree frog mast cell granules were closely correlated (r=0.94).Fresh frozen dried ultrathin sections and fresh air-dried prints of the tree frog tongue and spleen and young red-eared turtle (ca. 6 g) spleen and heart blood were examined by a quantitative energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis (X-650, Kevex-7000) for the element constituents of the granules of mast cells and basophils. The specimens were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (80-200 kV) and followed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) under an analytical electron microscope (X-650) at an acceleration voltage of 40 kV and a specimen current of 0.2 nA. A spot analysis was performed in a STEM mode for 100 s at a specimen current of 2 nA on the mast cell and basophil granules and other areas of the cells. Histamine was examined by the o-phthalaldehyde method.

Mast cell-nerve fiber interaction: Ultrastructural studies

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
E.Y. Chi ◽  
M.L. Su ◽  
Y.T. Tien ◽  
W.R. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Granulocyte Infiltration ◽  
Intracutaneous Injection ◽  
Recent Attention

Recent attention has been directed to the interaction of the nerve and immune systems. The neuropeptide substance P, a tachykinnin which is a neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems produces tissue swelling, augemntation of intersitial fibrin deposition and leukocyte infiltration after intracutaneous injection. There is a direct correlation reported between the extent of mast cell degranulation at the sites of injection and the tissue swelling or granulocyte infiltration. It has previously been demonstrated that antidromic electrical stimulation of sensory nerves induces degranulation of cutaneous mast cells, cutaneous vasodilation and augmented vascular permeability. Morphological studies have documented a close anatiomical association between mast cells and nonmyelinated nerves, that contain substance P and other neuropeptides. However, the presence of mast cells within nerve fasicles has not been previously examined ultrastructurally. In this study, we examined ultrastructurally the distribution of mast cells in the nerve fiber bundles located in the muscular connective tissue of rat tongues (n=20).

Ultrastructural evidence for mast cell-macrophage interrelationships in the dura mater of the rat: Infrequent mast cell-nerve associations

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-353
Author(s):  
Ruth V.W. Dimlich
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Dura Mater ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Plasma Extravasation ◽  
Close Spatial Relationship ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Headache Pain ◽  
Relationship Of

Mast cells in the dura mater of the rat may play a role in cerebral pathologies including neurogenic inflammation (vasodilation; plasma extravasation) and headache pain . As has been suggested for other tissues, dural mast cells may exhibit a close spatial relationship to nerves. There has been no detailed ultrastructural description of mast cells in this tissue; therefore, the goals of this study were to provide this analysis and to determine the spatial relationship of mast cells to nerves and other components of the dura mater in the rat.Four adult anesthetized male Wistar rats (290-400 g) were fixed by perfusion through the heart with 2% glutaraldehyde and 2.8% paraformaldehyde in a potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for 30 min. The head of each rat was removed and stored in fixative for a minimum of 24 h at which time the dural coverings were removed and dissected into samples that included the middle meningeal vasculature. Samples were routinely processed and flat embedded in LX 112. Thick (1 um) sections from a minimum of 3 blocks per rat were stained with toluidine blue (0.5% aqueous).

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