scholarly journals Enhancement of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephtalate) Biocomposites by Matrix Esterification Using Succinic Anhydride

Molecules ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1969-1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Siyamak ◽  
Nor Azowa Ibrahim ◽  
Sanaz Abdolmohammadi ◽  
Wan Md Zin Bin Wan Yunus ◽  
Mohamad Zaki AB Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch

Conditioning effect on the mechanical and thermal properties of heat-treated oil palm empty fruit bunch/high-density polyethylene composite

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-167
Author(s):  
Nur Afifah Nordin ◽  
Nor Mas Mira Abd Rahman ◽  
Aziz Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Fibre Composites ◽  
Untreated Fibre ◽  
Properties Of Composites

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) is one of the potential natural fibre that can be used as an alternative to synthetic fibre. EFB was heat-treated at 180°C using vacuum oven for 1 h, extrusion compounded with high-density polyethylene at 10%, 20% and 30% weight fraction. The composites were injection moulded into dumb-bell (ASTM D-638) and bar-shaped specimens (ASTM E-23). The composites were exposed to different environments which are soil burial and indoor environment for 3 months. The effects of conditioning on mechanical and thermal properties were studied relative to the dry as moulded samples as a standard. It was found that the mechanical and thermal properties of composites under soil burial conditions were reduced. Tensile modulus of 30% untreated fibre loading reduced from 1.56 GPa for dry to 1.03 GPa for soil burial conditions, respectively. The same reduction was also found in the flexural modulus. However, the value of treated fibre composites was found slightly higher compared to untreated fibre composites. The treated fibre composites showed more resistance towards the environment condition. Composites made from heat-treated EFB show improved thermal stability, expected due to better compatibility between fibres and matrices, thus lowering the moisture intake, despite the conditions of the samples. However, indoor exposure has no significant effect on the thermal and mechanical properties of composites.

Characterization of microwave-treated oil palm empty fruit bunch/glass fibre/polypropylene composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 986-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Islam ◽  
A Gupta ◽  
M Rivai ◽  
MDH Beg
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fixed Temperature ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Degradation Temperature

Composites were prepared from recycled polypropylene (RPP), oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) and/or glass fibre (GF) using extrusion and injection moulding techniques. Two types of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene such as Polybond 3200 and Fusabond P 613 were used to improve the interfacial adhesion between fibres and matrix. The EFB: GF ratio was fixed as 70:30 and fibre loading was considered as 40 wt%. Microwave was used to treat the EFB fibre, which was soaked in a fixed mass concentration (12.5%) of alkali solution at different temperatures (70, 80 and 90°C) for a fixed period of time (60 min) and for different times (60, 90 and 120 min) at a fixed temperature (90°C). A magnetron controller was developed to control the time and temperature accurately for the treatment of fibre. Various characterization techniques such as density, melt flow index, tensile, Izod impact, flexural, field-emission scanning electron microscopy and water uptake testing were performed for the composites. Besides, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were also used to evaluate the thermal and crystalline properties of the composites, respectively. Result analyses revealed that microwave-treated fibre-based composites showed improved mechanical and thermal properties. EFB fibres treated at 90°C for 90 min were found to be suitable for better reinforcement into the composite in terms of mechanical, thermal and crystalline properties. Moreover, onset degradation temperature and water absorption properties were also found to be changed apparently due to treatment.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Oil Palm Waste Nanoparticles on the Properties and Characterization of Hybrid Plywood Biocomposites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Nuryawan ◽  
C. Abdullah ◽  
Che Hazwan ◽  
N. Olaiya ◽  
Esam Yahya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Oil Palm Trunk ◽  
Stability Performance ◽  
Properties And Characterization

Using oil palm trunk (OPT) layered with empty fruit bunch (EFB), so-called hybrid plywood enhanced with palm oil ash nanoparticles, with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin as a binder, was produced in this study. The phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins filled with different loading of oil palm ash (OPA) nanoparticles were prepared and used as glue for layers of the oil palm trunk (OPT) veneer and empty fruit bunch fibre mat. The resulting hybrid plywood produced was characterised. The physical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the hybrid plywood panels were investigated. The results obtained showed that the presence of OPA nanoparticles significantly affected the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the plywood panels. Significant improvements in dimension from water absorption and thickness swelling experiments were obtained for the plywood panels with the highest OPA nanoparticles loading in PF resin. The mechanical properties indicated that plywood composites showed improvement in flexural, shear, and impact properties until a certain loading of OPA nanoparticles in PF resin. Fracture surface morphology also showed the effectiveness of OPA nanoparticles in the reduction of layer breakage due to force and stress distribution. The thermal stability performance showed that PF filled OPA nanoparticles contributed to the thermal stability of the plywood panels. Therefore, the results obtained in this study showed that OPA nanoparticles certainly improved the characteristic of the hybrid plywood.

Effect of oil palm ash on the mechanical and thermal properties of unsaturated polyester composites

e-Polymers ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sahari ◽  
M.A. Maleque
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Oil Palm Ash ◽  
Polyester Composites

AbstractThis research was carried out to evaluate the effect of oil palm ash (OPA) on the mechanical and thermal properties of biocomposites. Different compositions of OPA (i.e. 0, 10, 20 and 30 vol%) were introduced to unsaturated polyester (UPE) by using simple casting method with methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) as a hardener. The specimens were prepared based on ASTM D5083 standards for tensile testing. From the results, it was found that the mechanical properties of UPE/OPA composites were improved in modulus with increasing the OPA content. The physical properties of UPE/OPA were also investigated where the density of biocomposites decrease with increasing OPA while the water absorption of UPE/OPA increase with increasing OPA. The thermal and morphological characterization of the UPE/OPA composites have been done using TGA, DSC and SEM.

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Filled Unplasticized Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Composites

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 607-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Abu Bakar ◽  
A. Hassan ◽  
A.F. Mohd Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride

Awareness of the advantages of natural fibres has stimulated interest in their use to reinforce polymers. One type of natural fibre that is of great relevance to Malaysia is oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB). To produce EFB-filled unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) composites, PVC resin and the various additives were first dry-blended using a laboratory blender before being milled into sheets on a two-roll mill. Test specimens were then hot pressed, after which the mechanical and thermal properties were determined. Four untreated EFB fibre contents were employed, 10, 20, 30 and 40 phr. The increase in EFB fibre content resulted in an improvement in flexural modulus at the expense of impact strength and flexural strength. The incorporation of EFB slightly enhanced the glass transition temperature but it decreased the thermal stability of the composites, evidenced by a decrease in decomposition temperature and a change in the degradation process from two to three stages.

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