scholarly journals Geometallurgical Characterization of Non-Ferrous Historical Slag in Western Tasmania: Identifying Reprocessing Options

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parbhakar-Fox ◽  
Gilmour ◽  
Fox ◽  
Olin
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Static Testing ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
Pyrometallurgical Processing

Pyrometallurgical processing of ore from the Zeehan mineral field was performed intermittently between 1896 and 1948, primarily recovering Pb, Ag and Cu. While Zn recovery was attempted at the time, it was unsuccessful using the available technology. Consequently, Zn reported to the slag during the smelting process. Today, the former smelter site consists of two large slag piles (North and South). Using a range of techniques (including X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and static testing) the geometallurgical and geo-environmental properties of these slag materials (n = 280) were determined. The South and North piles contain on average 15% and 11% Zn, respectively. A range of complex mineral phases were identified, and are dominated by glass, silicates (i.e., monticellite–kirschsteinite and hardystonite), oxides (gahnite and hercynite) and minor sulfides (sphalerite and wurtzite). Microtextural examinations defined nine mineral phases (Glass A, Silicates A to D, Oxides A and B, Sulfides A and B). Zn was concentrated in Sulfide A (26%), Glass A (24%) and the Silicates (43%), while Pb was concentrated in Oxide B (76%), with Sulfide B host to the highest Ag (45%) and Cu (65%). Considering this, recovery of Zn using conventional hydrometallurgical processes (i.e., sulfuric acid leaching) is suitable, however the application of unconventional biohydrometallurgical techniques could be explored, as well re-smelting. These slag materials are classified geo-environmentally as potentially acid forming, with leachate concentrations of Zn, Pb consistently above ANZECC (2000) aquatic ecosystem 80% protection guideline values, and, for the majority of samples, exceedances of Cu, Ni and Cd were also measured. Considering these findings, reprocessing of these historic slags for Zn extraction may provide an economically feasible management option for rehabilitating this historical site.

scholarly journals Concentrations of Trace Elements in Bottled Water Consumed in Angono, Philippines

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiji Maruyama ◽  
Hisaaki Kato ◽  
Takafumi Hirata ◽  
Noel R. Juban
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Guideline Value ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Who Guideline

Introduction. We analyzed the concentrations of the trace elements [chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd),cesium (Cs), lead (Pb), thorium (Th), and uranium (U)] in commercial bottled water consumed in the town of Angono,Rizal province, Luzon island, Philippines to evaluate the health risks of the trace elements in drinking water. Thereare some arguments that water resources available in the Philippines are heavily polluted by various materials, inparticular heavy metal elements. Method. The concentrations of seven trace elements in commercial bottled water produced and consumed in thePhilippines were analyzed using a solution nebulization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SN−ICP−MS). Result. The concentrations of the trace elements except for Cs, which does not yet have a WHO guideline value,in the locally produced bottled water were below the WHO guideline values. The Cs concentrations (<0.6 μg/L) ofthe bottled water of the Philippines were generally similar to those of the bottled water produced and consumed inother countries such as Japan, China, and Indonesia. Conclusion. The concentrations of trace elements in bottled water consumed in Angono, Philippines can be regardedas being at safe levels, as well as those of daily life water (i.e. tap, well, and spring water) consumed in the said town.

scholarly journals Behavior of Battery Metals Lithium, Cobalt, Manganese and Lanthanum in Black Copper Smelting

Batteries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dańczak ◽  
Lassi Klemettinen ◽  
Matti Kurhila ◽  
Pekka Taskinen ◽  
Daniel Lindberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Copper Smelting ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Energy Storage Materials ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Lithium Cobalt

Recycling of metals from different waste streams must be increased in the near future for securing the availability of metals that are critical for high-tech applications, such as batteries for e-mobility. Black copper smelting is a flexible recycling route for many different types of scrap, including Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) and some end-of-life energy storage materials. Fundamental thermodynamic data about the behavior of battery metals and the effect of slag additives is required for providing data necessary for process development, control, and optimization. The goal of our study is to investigate the suitability of black copper smelting process for recycling of battery metals lithium, cobalt, manganese, and lanthanum. The experiments were performed alumina crucibles at 1300 °C, in oxygen partial pressure range of 10−11–10−8 atm. The slags studied contained 0 to 6 wt% of MgO. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) techniques were utilized for phase composition quantifications. The results reveal that most cobalt can be recovered into the copper alloy in extremely reducing process conditions, whereas lithium, manganese, and lanthanum deport predominantly in the slag at all investigated oxygen partial pressures.

Partial leaching as an aid to slurry nebulization for the analysis of soils by ICP-MS with flow injection and mixed-gas plasmas

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Treveidi Persaud ◽  
Diane Beauchemin ◽  
Heather Edith Jamieson ◽  
Robert JC McLean
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Flow Injection ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Mixed Gas ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Gas Plasma ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Slurry Nebulization

Acid leaching (with 1 mol dm-3 HNO3) was combined with slurry nebulization in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, with mixed-gas plasmas and flow injection, in an attempt to facilitate the quantitative analysis of heterogeneous materials such as soils. Matrices analyzed ranged from marine sediment to metal-contaminated soil, and were chosen for their variety in elemental composition and matrix structure. Slurries were prepared by first grinding the material to less than 3 μm in high-purity water and then diluting to 0.1% (w/v) with 1 mol dm-3 HNO3, which served as both a dispersing and a leaching agent. The resulting slurries were injected (0.25 cm3) into a deionized distilled water carrier. Under these conditions, the sensitivity was about 85% of that achieved by continuous nebulization. Multivariate optimization of the nitrogen percentage, forward torch power, and aerosol carrier gas flow rate was conducted to find conditions maintaining sensitivity constant between different slurries. Since no set of conditions was optimal for all elements, a compromise set was selected, which resulted in accurate results for La and Pb in a series of reference materials, by calibrating with aqueous standards. On the other hand, the results for V and Cr were almost systematically low, indicating that the compromise plasma conditions did not allow complete atomization/ionization of these elements.Key words: inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, slurry nebulization, flow injection, mixed-gas plasma.

scholarly journals Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of particle PM10 in Tikveš area and their infuence in the environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Ivan Boev ◽  
Trajce Stafilov
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The City

<p>In this work the results of investigation of the geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of particulate matters below 10 μm (PM<sub>10</sub>) collected from Tikveš area, Republic of Macedonia, are presented. For that purpose, PM<sub>10</sub> samples were collected from the city of Kavadarci and from the area close to the ferronickel smelter plant. As well as the concentration of PM<sub>10</sub>, the chemical content and mineral phases of dust samples and their relations to some anthropogenic sources are investigated. Determination of the content of various elements was performed by using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was used for the determination of mineralogical phase content. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that the concentration of PM<sub>10</sub> in the vicinity of the ferronickel smelter is much higher than those from the city of Kavadarci. It was found that PM<sub>10</sub> samples collected close to the ferronickel smelter plant have a higher content of some elements present in higher concentrations in the ore processed in the ferronickel smelter plant (Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cr) than those from the town of Kavadarci, showing their anthropogenic origin. The investigations performed by applying electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) unequivocally confirmed the results obtained using X-ray diffraction and ICP-MS. Namely, mineral phases present in the particulates were found to be those which are present in the ore used in the process in the metallurgical plant, including chlorite, amphibole, pyroxene, magnetite, chromites, quartz, calcite or plagioklas clay minerals.</p>

scholarly journals Toxicity of Zinc Dissolved In Saigon River to the Tropical Micro-Crustacean Daphnia Lumholtzi

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Thanh-Son Dao ◽  
Le-Thanh-Tuyen Tran ◽  
Thi-My-Chi Vo ◽  
Ba-Trung Bui
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Daphnia Lumholtzi ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Ecological Protection ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Realistic Assessment ◽  
Median Lethal Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

<p class="emsd-body"><span lang="EN-GB">In this study we evaluated the responses of the tropical micro-crustacean, <em>Daphnia lumholtzi</em>, to zinc (Zn). For a more environmentally realistic assessment on the Zn toxicity, water sample collected from Saigon River was used as medium for the daphnids and Zn was spiked into field water for exposures. River water was physically and chemically measured and analyzed, and the sufficient water quality was confirmed prior to be used for the acute and chronic experiments. Metal concentrations in the test water were determined with an inductively coupled plasma/ mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). In the acute test implementation, Zn concentrations were from 67 – 360 µg/L. In the chronic experiments, the animals were incubated in control (filtered field water only) or filtered field water added with Zn (28, 46, and 75 µg/L) over the period of 14 days. The life history traits of daphnids including the survival, maturation, reproduction were daily observed. The results showed that the value of median lethal concentrations (48h-LC<sub>50</sub>) was 136 µg Zn/L (95% CI = 107 – 165 µg Zn/L). Chronic exposures revealed that Zn caused the survival reduction, delayed maturity age and reproduction decrease. Our study suggested <em>D. lumholtzi</em> as a very good freshwater aquatic zooplankton for assessment on the toxicity of metals in tropics. Besides, the Vietnam guideline values regarding Zn should be re-considered and adjusted for the aquatic ecological protection.</span></p>

Metal-Organic Frameworks vs. Buffers: Case Study of UiO-66 Stability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Bůžek ◽  
Slavomír Adamec ◽  
Kamil Lang ◽  
Jan Demel
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Aqueous Dispersions ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Metal Organic

<div><p>UiO-66 is a zirconium-based metal-organic framework (MOF) that has numerous applications. Our group recently determined that UiO-66 is not as inert in aqueous dispersions as previously reported in the literature. The present work therefore assessed the behaviour of UiO-66 in buffers: 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (TRIS), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethane sulfonic acid (HEPES), N-ethylmorpholine (NEM) and phosphate buffer (PB), all of which are commonly used in many UiO-66 applications. High pressure liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were used to monitor degradation of the MOF. In each buffer, the terephthalate linker was released to some extent, with a more pronounced leaching effect in the saline forms of these buffers. The HEPES buffer was found to be the most benign, whereas NEM and PB should be avoided at any concentration as they were shown to rapidly degrade the UiO-66 framework. Low concentration TRIS buffers are also recommended, although these offer minimal buffer capacity to adjust pH. Regardless of the buffer used, rapid terephthalate release was observed, indicating that the UiO-66 was attacked immediately after mixing with the buffer. In addition, the dissolution of zirconium, observed in some cases, intensified the UiO-66 decomposition process. These results demonstrate that sensitive analytical techniques have to be used to monitor the release of MOF components so as to quantify the stabilities of these materials in liquid environments.</p></div>

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