scholarly journals Mechanism of Biomineralization Induced by Bacillus subtilis J2 and Characteristics of the Biominerals

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han ◽  
Wang ◽  
Zhao ◽  
Tucker ◽  
Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Carbonate Sedimentology ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Nucleation Sites ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus

Abstract: Biomineralization induced by microorganisms has become a hot spot in the field of carbonate sedimentology; however, the mechanisms involved still need to be explored. In this study, the bacterium Bacillus subtilis J2 (GenBank MG575432) was used to induce the precipitation of calcium carbonate minerals at Mg/Ca molar ratios of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12. Bacillus subtilis J2 bacteria released ammonia to increase pH, but the ammonia released only made the pH increase to 8.25. Carbonic anhydrase was also produced to catalyze the hydration of carbon dioxide, and this process released carbonate and bicarbonate ions that not only increased pH but also elevated carbonate supersaturation. The biominerals formed at a Mg/Ca molar ratio of 0 were spherulitic, elongated, dumbbell-shaped, and irregularly rhombohedral calcite; at a Mg/Ca molar ratio of 3, the biominerals were calcite and aragonite, the weight ratio of calcite decreased from 26.7% to 15.6%, and that of aragonite increased from 73.3% to 84.4% with increasing incubation time. At higher Mg/Ca molar ratios, the biominerals were aragonite, and the crystallinity and thermal stability of aragonite decreased with increasing Mg/Ca molar ratios. FTIR results showed that many organic functional groups were present on/within the biominerals, such as C–O–C, N–H, C=O, O–H, and C–H. HRTEM-SAED examination of the ultra-thin slices of B. subtilis J2 bacteria showed that nano-sized minerals with poor crystal structure had grown or been adsorbed on the EPS coating. The EPS of the B. subtilis J2 strain contained abundant glutamic acid and aspartic acid, which could be deprotonated in an alkaline condition to adsorb Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions; this made EPS act as the nucleation sites. This study may provide some references for further understanding of the mechanism of biomineralization induced by microorganisms.

scholarly journals Release factor-dependent ribosome rescue by BrfA in the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Shimokawa-Chiba ◽  
Claudia Müller ◽  
Keigo Fujiwara ◽  
Bertrand Beckert ◽  
Koreaki Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Release Factor ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus

AbstractRescue of the ribosomes from dead-end translation complexes, such as those on truncated (non-stop) mRNA, is essential for the cell. Whereas bacteria use trans-translation for ribosome rescue, some Gram-negative species possess alternative and release factor (RF)-dependent rescue factors, which enable an RF to catalyze stop-codon-independent polypeptide release. We now discover that the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis has an evolutionarily distinct ribosome rescue factor named BrfA. Genetic analysis shows that B. subtilis requires the function of either trans-translation or BrfA for growth, even in the absence of proteotoxic stresses. Biochemical and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) characterization demonstrates that BrfA binds to non-stop stalled ribosomes, recruits homologous RF2, but not RF1, and induces its transition into an open active conformation. Although BrfA is distinct from E. coli ArfA, they use convergent strategies in terms of mode of action and expression regulation, indicating that many bacteria may have evolved as yet unidentified ribosome rescue systems.

Glycosylated Methoxy-Macrolactins from a Marine Sediment Bacterium Bacillus subtilis

Heterocycles ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee Jae Shin ◽  
Fakir Shahidullah Tareq ◽  
Ji Hye Kim ◽  
Min Ah Lee ◽  
Hyi-Seung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus

Uncoupling and toxic action of alkyltriphenylphosphonium cations on mitochondria and the bacterium Bacillus subtilis as a function of alkyl chain length

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 1589-1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Khailova ◽  
P. A. Nazarov ◽  
N. V. Sumbatyan ◽  
G. A. Korshunova ◽  
T. I. Rokitskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Alkyl Chain Length ◽  
Toxic Action ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus

Fractionation of an Aquatic Fulvic Acid upon Adsorption to the Bacterium,Bacillus subtilis

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Maurice ◽  
Maciej Manecki ◽  
Jeremy B. Fein ◽  
Jennifer Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus

scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SPRAY BAU KAKI EKSTRAK KULIT JERUK NIPIS (Citrus aurantifolia) DENGAN VARIASI Gelling agent TERHADAP BAKTERI Bacillus subtilis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Ade Maria Ulfa ◽  
◽  
Nofita Nofita ◽  
Bangun Saras Sandi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Apocrine Glands ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus ◽  
Lime Peel ◽  
Peel Extract

ABSTRACT Sweat is produced by the apocrine glands, if infected by bacteria that play a role in the decay process will certainly produce foot odor. Some of the bacteria that cause, including Staphylococcus epidermis, Corynebacterium acne and there is one bacterium that causes pungent foot odor that is Bacillus subtilis. Bacillus subtilis enzyme leucine dehydrogenase produced the highest, resulting in isovaleric acid foot odor. Lime peel (Citrus aurantifolia) has the potential to be developed for the antibacterial active ingredient of foot odor contained in tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids. Spray can be effective for inhibition of feet due to water fleas or bacterial infections. The purpose of this research is to test the inhibitory zone of the preparation of foot odor spray ethanol extract of lime peel (Citrus aurantifolia) with variations of gelling agent. Bacterial inhibition zone testing on extracts of lime peel spray preparations using the disc method. This test was carried out on spray with extract concentration of 0% extract base carbopol, 0% extract base HPMC, 0.2% extract base carbopol, 0.2% extract base HPMC, 0.4% extract base carbopol, 0.4% extract base HPMC and positive control with an average inhibition zone of 9,13 mm, 9,12 mm, 11,86 mm, 11,29 mm, 13,17 mm, 12,30 mm, 8,13 mm against the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Antibacterial test results were analyzed using ONE WAY ANOVA, the results of statistical analysis on the preparation of lime peel extract showed a significant inhibition zone difference of 0.000 (P = <0.05) between all concentrations. Lime peel extract spray is effective in inhibiting the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Key words: Sweat of foot odor, Lime skin (Citrus aurantifolia), Spray, bacteri Bacillus subtilis

scholarly journals ResQ, a release factor-dependent ribosome rescue factor in the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Shimokawa-Chiba ◽  
Claudia Müller ◽  
Keigo Fujiwara ◽  
Bertrand Beckert ◽  
Koreaki Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Release Factor ◽  
Active Conformation ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus

SummaryRescue of the ribosomes from dead-end translation complexes, such as those on truncated (non-stop) mRNA, is essential for the cell. Whereas bacteria use trans-translation for ribosome rescue, some Gram-negative species possess alternative and release factor (RF)-dependent rescue factors, which enable an RF to catalyze stop codon-independent polypeptide release. We now discover that the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis has an evolutionarily distinct ribosome rescue factor named ResQ. Genetic analysis shows that B. subtilis requires the function of either trans-translation or ResQ for growth, even in the absence of proteotoxic stresses. Biochemical and cryo-EM characterization demonstrates that ResQ binds to non-stop stalled ribosomes, recruits homologous RF2, but not RF1, and induces its transition into an open active conformation. Although ResQ is distinct from E. coli ArfA, they use convergent strategies in terms of mode of action and expression regulation, indicating that many bacteria may have evolved as yet unidentified ribosome rescue systems.

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