scholarly journals Oxidative Depression of Arsenopyrite by Using Calcium Hypochlorite and Sodium Humate

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangyong Lin ◽  
Runqing Liu ◽  
Yongjie Bu ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Mineral Surfaces ◽  
Calcium Hypochlorite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sodium Humate ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Mineral Flotation

During smelting, arsenic in copper concentrates affects the product quality and causes environmental pollution. Removing arsenic minerals from copper concentrates requires environmental-friendly and cost-effective depressants for flotation separation. Ca(ClO)2 was combined with sodium humate (SH) to improve the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from arsenopyrite. Results of single-mineral flotation indicated that combined Ca(ClO)2 and SH significantly inhibited arsenopyrite and exerted a negligible effect on chalcopyrite. The arsenic content in copper concentrates significantly decreased from 63% to 11% in the absence of a depressant and in the presence of Ca(ClO)2 and SH, as proven by the mixed-mineral flotation results. SH can adsorb on both mineral surfaces as indicated by the zeta potential measurements and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. However, the presence of Ca(ClO)2 increased the adsorption of arsenopyrite compared with chalcopyrite. The arsenopyrite floatability depressed with the Ca(ClO)2 oxidation and subsequent SH adsorption, as verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results of flotation tests confirmed that the chalcopyrite surface was slightly oxidized, but it remained hydrophobic. The combination of depressants has the potential for industrial application.

scholarly journals Compatibility and Washing Performance of Compound Protease Detergent

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Jintao Wu ◽  
Jing Xiao ◽  
Mingyao Zhu ◽  
Haichuan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Softening ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After

Protease is the main enzyme of detergent. Through the combination of different proteases and the combination of protease and detergent additives, it can adapt to different washing conditions to improve the washing effect. In this experiment, whiteness determination, microscope scanning, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to detect the whiteness values of the cloth pieces before and after washing, as well as the stain residue between the fibers on the surface of the cloth pieces. The protease detergent formula with better decontamination and anti-deposition effects was selected. The combination of alkaline protease, keratinase, and trypsin was cost-effective in removing stains. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the molecular weight of the protein significantly changed after adding the enzyme preparation during washing, and the molecular weight of the protein was directly proportional to protein redeposition. The composite protease had a better comprehensive decontamination effect, and when compatible with suitable surfactants, anti-redeposition agents, and water-softening agents, the compound protease detergent exhibited a stronger decontamination ability than commercial detergents.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Novel Arginine-Based Flame Retardant and Its Application in Lyocell Fabric

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3588
Author(s):  
Jiayi Chen ◽  
Yansong Liu ◽  
Jiayue Zhang ◽  
Yuanlin Ren ◽  
Xiaohui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test ◽  
Before And After

Lyocell fabrics are widely applied in textiles, however, its high flammability increases the risk of fire. Therefore, to resolve the issue, a novel biomass-based flame retardant with phosphorus and nitrogen elements was designed and synthesized by the reaction of arginine with phosphoric acid and urea. It was then grafted onto the lyocell fabric by a dip-dry-cure technique to prepare durable flame-retardant lyocell fabric (FR-lyocell). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis demonstrated that the flame retardant was successfully introduced into the lyocell sample. Thermogravimetric (TG) and Raman analyses confirmed that the modified lyocell fabric featured excellent thermal stability and significantly increased char residue. Vertical combustion results indicated that FR-lyocell before and after washing formed a complete and dense char layer. Thermogravimetric Fourier-transform infrared (TG-FTIR) analysis suggested that incombustible substances (such as H2O and CO2) were produced and played a significant fire retarding role in the gas phase. The cone calorimeter test corroborated that the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) declined by 89.4% and 56.4%, respectively. These results indicated that the flame retardancy of the lyocell fabric was observably ameliorated.

Silver mirror reaction metallized chromatography paper for supercapacitor application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Jung-Hsien Chang ◽  
Ren-Jie Xie ◽  
Chia-Hui Tseng ◽  
Sheng-Rong Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Supercapacitor Application ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Silver Mirror ◽  
Silver Mirror Reaction

Abstract In this study, the easy-to-operate silver mirror reaction (SMR) was used for metallizing chromatography paper. The SMR-metallized paper was characterized by water contact angle measurements, a surface profiler, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electrical resistance measurement. The characterization results show that Ag was successfully synthesized on cellulose fibers and was electrically conductive after cyclic bending. Moreover, this SMR-metallized paper was used as electrodes for fabricating a supercapacitor. This SMR-metallized paper could be used for realizing cost-effective flexible electronics applied in on-site biochemical sensing in resource-limited settings.

Use of anti-solvent to enhance thermoelectric response of hybrid-halide perovskite thin films

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikant SAINI ◽  
Izuki Matsumoto ◽  
Sakura Kishishita ◽  
Ajay Kumar Baranwal ◽  
Tomohide Yabuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Performance Tuning ◽  
Charge Carrier Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Halide Perovskite

Abstract Hybrid halide perovskite has been recently focused on thermoelectric energy harvesting due to the cost-effective fabrication approach and ultra-low thermal conductivity. To achieve high performance, tuning of electrical conductivity is a key parameter that is influenced by grain boundary scattering and charge carrier density. The fabrication process allows tuning these parameters. We report the use of anti-solvent to enhance the thermoelectric performance of lead-free hybrid halide perovskite, CH3NH3SnI3, thin films. Thin films with anti-solvent show higher connectivity in grains and higher Sn+4 oxidation states which results in enhancing the value of electrical conductivity. Thin films were prepared by a cost-effective wet process. Structural and chemical characterizations were performed using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The value of electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient were measured near room temperature. The high value of power factor (1.55 µW/m.K2 at 320 K) was achieved for thin films treated with anti-solvent.

scholarly journals Facile preparation of α-Fe2O3 nanobulk via bubble electrospinning and thermal treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 967-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Liu ◽  
Chun-Hui He ◽  
Fujuan Liu ◽  
Lan Xu ◽  
Yuqin Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Iron Chloride ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Broad Application ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chloride Hexahydrate ◽  
Facile Preparation ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this work, ?-Fe2O3 nanobulk with high aspect ratio were successfully prepared via a facile bubble electrospinning technique using polyvinylidene fluoride and iron chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3?6H2O) as ?-Fe2O3 precursor followed by annealing in air at 600?C. The products were characterized with field emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that ?-Fe2O3 nanobulk has a hierarchical heterostructure which has an extremely broad application prospect in many areas.

scholarly journals Selective chelating precipitation of palladium metal from electroplating wastewater using chitosan and its derivative

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Qiaoling Xie ◽  
Gaojie Liang ◽  
Tao Lin ◽  
Fuming Chen ◽  
Dandan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Chitosan Derivative ◽  
Aqua Regia ◽  
Electroplating Wastewater ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
Palladium Metal

A study on selective chelating precipitation of palladium metal from real electroplating wastewater using chitosan and its water-soluble derivative was conducted. The pH parameter, the concentrations of chitosan and its water-soluble derivative and the chelating precipitation time were experimentally investigated, and the optimum conditions were determined. The results revealed that both chitosan and its water-soluble derivative acted as chelating precipitation agents. Rapid chelating precipitation occurred when chitosan was added to real electroplating wastewater containing the chitosan derivative, thereby improving removal efficiency of palladium in different forms up to 95% under the optimum condition of 0.2 g/L chitosan and 0.16 mg/L derivative at pH 2.5. Then, dissolution experiments showed that chelating precipitation products could be dissolved in aqua regia. Additionally, selective chelating precipitation of palladium by chitosan and its derivative was characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thus, it can be concluded that the combined utilization of chitosan and its water-soluble derivative is a promising approach method for the removal of different forms of palladium from real electroplating wastewater.

Structural Changes on Photochromism of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials

1999 ◽  
Vol 604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Kuboyama ◽  
Kazumi Matsushige
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Tungsten Oxide ◽  
Transition Metal Oxides ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Spectroscopic Measurement ◽  
Inorganic Hybrid ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxide Hydrate ◽  
Ft Ir

AbstractSome transition metal oxides are known to exhibit the reversible coloration phenomena. Tungsten oxide is one of such materials and exhibits the photochromism and the electrochromism. It is known that the coloration phenomena in the tungsten oxide hydrate are caused by the redox reaction. We found that the photochromic efficiency became extremely higher by addition of some organic materials to the tungsten oxide hydrate and we have studied the mechanism of such a remarkable photochromic enhancement. In some spectroscopic measurement as FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), we obtained interesting features as follows. The addition of an organic material leads to reducing the tungsten oxide hydrate to smaller pieces, that is, the surface area of the pieces that can react with the additive increases. Moreover, it was found that specific sites in the additive are oxidized when the sample colors. The fact suggests that the additives having such specific sites can enhance the photochromism of the tungsten oxide hydrate

scholarly journals Electromagnetic Shielding by MXene-Graphene-PVDF Composite with Hydrophobic, Lightweight and Flexible Graphene Coated Fabric

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanthasamy Raagulan ◽  
Ramanaskanda Braveenth ◽  
Hee Jang ◽  
Yun Seon Lee ◽  
Cheol-Min Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Work Of Adhesion ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Coated Fabric ◽  
Hydrophobic Nature

MXene and graphene based thin, flexible and low-density composite were prepared by cost effective spray coating and solvent casting method. The fabricated composite was characterized using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The prepared composites showed hydrophobic nature with higher contact angle of 126°, −43 mN·m−1 wetting energy, −116 mN·m−1 spreading Coefficient and 30 mN·m−1 lowest work of adhesion. The composites displayed excellent conductivity of 13.68 S·cm−1 with 3.1 Ω·sq−1 lowest sheet resistance. All the composites showed an outstanding thermal stability and constrain highest weight lost until 400 °C. The MXene-graphene foam exhibited excellent EMI shielding of 53.8 dB (99.999%) with reflection of 13.10 dB and absorption of 43.38 dB in 8–12.4 GHz. The single coated carbon fabric displayed outstanding absolute shielding effectiveness of 35,369.82 dB·cm2·g−1. The above results lead perspective applications such as aeronautics, radars, air travels, mobile phones, handy electronics and military applications.

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