scholarly journals Rare Earth Elements in Planetary Crusts: Insights from Chemically Evolved Igneous Suites on Earth and the Moon

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire McLeod ◽  
Barry Shaulis
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Global Distribution ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Magma Ocean ◽  
Chemical Signature ◽  
Global Demand

The abundance of the rare earth elements (REEs) in Earth’s crust has become the intense focus of study in recent years due to the increasing societal demand for REEs, their increasing utilization in modern-day technology, and the geopolitics associated with their global distribution. Within the context of chemically evolved igneous suites, 122 REE deposits have been identified as being associated with intrusive dike, granitic pegmatites, carbonatites, and alkaline igneous rocks, including A-type granites and undersaturated rocks. These REE resource minerals are not unlimited and with a 5–10% growth in global demand for REEs per annum, consideration of other potential REE sources and their geological and chemical associations is warranted. The Earth’s moon is a planetary object that underwent silicate-metal differentiation early during its history. Following ~99% solidification of a primordial lunar magma ocean, residual liquids were enriched in potassium, REE, and phosphorus (KREEP). While this reservoir has not been directly sampled, its chemical signature has been identified in several lunar lithologies and the Procellarum KREEP Terrane (PKT) on the lunar nearside has an estimated volume of KREEP-rich lithologies at depth of 2.2 × 108 km3. This reservoir therefore offers a prospective location for future lunar REE exploration. Within the context of chemically evolved lithologies, lunar granites are rare with only 22 samples currently classified as granitic. However, these extraterrestrial granites exhibit chemical affinities to terrestrial A-type granites. On Earth, these anorogenic magmatic systems are hosts to U-Th-REE-ore deposits and while to date only U-Th regions of enrichment on the lunar surface have been identified, future exploration of the lunar surface and interior may yet reveal U-Th-REE regions associated with the distribution of these chemically distinct, evolved lithologies.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity in lunar anorthosite meteorites: implications for the lunar magma ocean model

2014 ◽  
Vol 372 (2024) ◽  
pp. 20130241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara S. Russell ◽  
Katherine H. Joy ◽  
Teresa E. Jeffries ◽  
Guy J. Consolmagno ◽  
Anton Kearsley
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Magma Source ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Magma Ocean ◽  
Element Abundances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lunar Meteorites

The lunar magma ocean model is a well-established theory of the early evolution of the Moon. By this model, the Moon was initially largely molten and the anorthositic crust that now covers much of the lunar surface directly crystallized from this enormous magma source. We are undertaking a study of the geochemical characteristics of anorthosites from lunar meteorites to test this model. Rare earth and other element abundances have been measured in situ in relict anorthosite clasts from two feldspathic lunar meteorites: Dhofar 908 and Dhofar 081. The rare earth elements were present in abundances of approximately 0.1 to approximately 10× chondritic (CI) abundance. Every plagioclase exhibited a positive Eu-anomaly, with Eu abundances of up to approximately 20×CI. Calculations of the melt in equilibrium with anorthite show that it apparently crystallized from a magma that was unfractionated with respect to rare earth elements and ranged in abundance from 8 to 80×CI. Comparisons of our data with other lunar meteorites and Apollo samples suggest that there is notable heterogeneity in the trace element abundances of lunar anorthosites, suggesting these samples did not all crystallize from a common magma source. Compositional and isotopic data from other authors also suggest that lunar anorthosites are chemically heterogeneous and have a wide range of ages. These observations may support other models of crust formation on the Moon or suggest that there are complexities in the lunar magma ocean scenario to allow for multiple generations of anorthosite formation.

The story of rare earth elements (REEs): Occurrences, global distribution, genesis, geology, mineralogy and global production

2020 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 103521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimila Dushyantha ◽  
Nadeera Batapola ◽  
I.M.S.K. Ilankoon ◽  
Sudath Rohitha ◽  
Ranjith Premasiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Global Distribution

scholarly journals Initial Study for Cerium and Lanthanum Extraction from Bangka Tin Slag through NaOH and HClO4 Leaching

2019 ◽  
Vol 269 ◽  
pp. 07003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badrul Munir ◽  
Sulaksana Permana ◽  
Anggita Amilia ◽  
Ahmad Maksum ◽  
Johny W Soedarsono
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Quenching ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Tin Slag

The global demand for rare earth elements have increased dramatically for the last decade as more and more devices use rare earth elements as key for their advanced properties. The paper explores the possibilty to recover cerium (Ce) and lanthanum (La) in Bangka tin slag (BTS) involving roasting at 900°C, water-quenching, and two leachings, 8M NaOH leaching and HClO4 leaching at concentrations of 0.1M, 0.4M, and 0.8M. HClO4 leaching causes Ce and La contents to decrease to 0.47% for 0.1M, 0.51% for 0.4M, and 0.59% for 0.8M. On the other hand, 8M NaOH optimizes cerium and lanthanum contents up to 4.35% and 1.45%, respectively.

scholarly journals Sources of Extraterrestrial Rare Earth Elements: To the Moon and Beyond

Resources ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire McLeod ◽  
Mark. Krekeler
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
The Moon

GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF NATIVE GOLD AS DIRECT SIGNS OF ORE FORMATION LODE AND ALLUVIAL GOLD OCCURRENCE TYPES

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
S. A. Milyaev ◽  
G. G. Samosorov ◽  
S. V. Yablokova ◽  
L. V. Shatilova ◽  
N. N. Pozdnyakova
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Gold Deposit ◽  
Native Gold ◽  
Element Distribution ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Sulfide Mineralization ◽  
Ore Formation ◽  
Alluvial Gold ◽  
Geochemical Indicators

The features of impurity element distribution in native gold of two ore formation gold deposit types are con- sidered. A typomorphic set of elements for gold-polysulfide-quartz and gold-quartz low-sulfide mineralization was determined. Geochemical indicators for estimating ore formation types of native gold are offered. The differences in gold composition due to metallogenic specialization of regions are established. Data on the distribution of rare-earth elements in native gold are obtained, which allows to predict igneous rocks composition during gold-polysulfide-quartz deposit formation.

scholarly journals Rare earth elements in uranium ore deposits from Namibia: A nuclear forensics tool

2021 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 106668
Author(s):  
Dakalo Madzunya ◽  
Vera Uushona ◽  
Manny Mathuthu ◽  
Wanke Heike
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Nuclear Forensics ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Uranium Ore

scholarly journals Carbonatites and Alkaline Igneous Rocks in Post-Collisional Settings: Storehouses of Rare Earth Elements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Goodenough ◽  
Eimear A. Deady ◽  
Charles D. Beard ◽  
Sam Broom-Fendley ◽  
Holly A. L. Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Critical Raw Materials

AbstractThe rare earth elements (REE) are critical raw materials for much of modern technology, particularly renewable energy infrastructure and electric vehicles that are vital for the energy transition. Many of the world’s largest REE deposits occur in alkaline rocks and carbonatites, which are found in intracontinental, rift-related settings, and also in syn- to post-collisional settings. Post-collisional settings host significant REE deposits, such as those of the Mianning-Dechang belt in China. This paper reviews REE mineralisation in syn- to post-collisional alkaline-carbonatite complexes worldwide, in order to demonstrate some of the key physical and chemical features of these deposits. We use three examples, in Scotland, Namibia, and Turkey, to illustrate the structure of these systems. We review published geochemical data and use these to build up a broad model for the REE mineral system in post-collisional alkaline-carbonatite complexes. It is evident that immiscibility of carbonate-rich magmas and fluids plays an important part in generating mineralisation in these settings, with REE, Ba and F partitioning into the carbonate-rich phase. The most significant REE mineralisation in post-collisional alkaline-carbonatite complexes occurs in shallow-level, carbothermal or carbonatite intrusions, but deeper carbonatite bodies and associated alteration zones may also have REE enrichment.

scholarly journals Geochemical Occurrence of Rare Earth Elements in Mining Waste and Mine Water: A Review

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 860
Author(s):  
Konstantina Pyrgaki ◽  
Vasiliki Gemeni ◽  
Christos Karkalis ◽  
Nikolaos Koukouzas ◽  
Petros Koutsovitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Bauxite Residue ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Mining Waste ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Comparative Study

Μining waste, processing by-products and mine water discharges pose a serious threat to the environment as in many cases they contain high concentrations of toxic substances. However, they may also be valuable resources. The main target of the current review is the comparative study of the occurrence of rare earth elements (REE) in mining waste and mine water discharges produced from the exploitation of coal, bauxite, phosphate rock and other ore deposits. Coal combustion ashes, bauxite residue and phosphogypsum present high percentages of critical REEs (up to 41% of the total REE content) with ΣREY content ranging from 77 to 1957.7 ppm. The total REE concentrations in mine discharges from different coal and ore mining areas around the globe are also characterised by a high range of concentrations from 0.25 to 9.8 ppm and from 1.6 to 24.8 ppm, respectively. Acid mine discharges and their associated natural and treatment precipitates seem to be also promising sources of REE if their extraction is coupled with the simultaneous removal of toxic pollutants.

scholarly journals Os Elementos Terras Raras nas Apatitas do Maciço Alcalino de Anitapolis, SC

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
VITOR PEREIRA ◽  
MILTON FORMOSO ◽  
CLAUDIO DUTRA ◽  
ANA FIGUEIREDO
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Characteristic Pattern ◽  
Light Rare Earth ◽  
Alkaline Rocks ◽  
Light Rare Earth Elements ◽  
The Rare Earth

The rare Earth elements from apatites of alcaline igneous rocks and carbonatites of Anitápolis were analysed by ICP and neutronic activation. The apatites, from magmatic, hydrothermal and weathering facies, were separated by different techniques. The results display the characteristic pattern from apatites of alkaline rocks in which the light rare earth elements are enriched in comparison with the heavy ones. The hydrothermal apatites are richer in total contents of REE, and also their La /  Yb and LREE / HREE ratios are higher. Calculations or enrichment of different LREE led to conclude that results by ICP and neutronic activation are similar and that the apatites from Anitápolis are poorer in La, Ce, Yb and Lu in comparison with different patterns.

scholarly journals Valuation of rare earth elements in ore deposits in the Murmansk Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
A. O. Kalashnikov ◽  
◽  
N. G. Konopleva ◽  
G. Yu. Ivanyuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Murmansk Region
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