scholarly journals Rare Earth and Phosphorus Leaching from a Flotation Tailings of Florida Phosphate Rock

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijun Liang ◽  
Patrick Zhang ◽  
Zhen Jin ◽  
David DePaoli
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Phosphorus Leaching ◽  
Flotation Tailings ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Florida Phosphate

Phosphorite, or phosphate rock, is the raw material of phosphoric acid production. It has also been regarded as the most important secondary rare earth element (REE) resource due to low contents of rare earth elements contained in the ore. In Florida, there is about 19 Mt of phosphate rock mined annually. After beneficiation, the phosphate rock concentrate is utilized to produce phosphoric acid via a wet-process in which sulfuric acid is used to digest phosphate. During these processes, REEs and some phosphorus get lost in the byproducts including phosphatic clay, flotation tailings, phosphogypsum (PG), and phosphoric sludge. Recovering REEs and phosphorus from these wastes is beneficial to maximize the utilization of these valuable resources. This study focused on the effects of wet-process operating conditions on REE and phosphorus leaching from a kind of flotation tailing of Florida phosphate rock. The tailings were first beneficiated with a shaking table, and then a series of leaching tests were conducted on the shaking table concentrate. The results indicated that REEs had similar trends of leaching efficiency to those of phosphorus. Under the conditions of 16% phosphoric acid concentration in the initial pulp, a temperature of 75 °C, a stoichiometric ratio of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to calcium oxide (CaO) of 1.1, and a weight ratio of liquid to solid of 3.5, REE and phosphorus leaching efficiencies reached relatively high values of approximately 61% and 91%, respectively. Analyses indicated that the phosphate ions (PO43−) in the leaching solution tended to combine with REE ions to form REE phosphates which precipitated into PG, but the other large amount of anions such as sulfate ions (SO42−) and fluoride ions (F−) took effect of steric hindrance to prevent PO43− from combining with REE cations. These two opposite effects determined the REE distribution between the leaching solution and PG.

scholarly journals Sorption Extraction of Rare Earth Metals from Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-152
Author(s):  
Baltabekova Zhazira ◽  
Kenzhaliyev Bagdaulet ◽  
Lokhova Nina ◽  
Kassymzhanov Kaisar
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Cation Exchanger ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Ion Exchangers ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Complex Composition ◽  
Impurity Composition ◽  
Wet Process

When apatites and phosphorites are processed, up to 30% of rare earth metals are converted into wet-process phosphoric acid. Wet-process phosphoric acid from the phosphorite treatment process differs from apatite one by impurity composition, i.e. the iron content is by 3.5 times, and calcium is by 5.0 times more. The complex composition of the wet-process phosphoric acid from the phosphorite treatment process requires additional researches to select optimal ion exchangers and technological parameters of sorption. Various aspects of sorption have been studied to select the optimal ion exchangers and technological parameters, and technological modes for desorption of rare earth metals from a cation exchanger to obtain a concentrate of rare earth metals have been completed. The method enables to extract rare earth metals without changing the composition of commercial wet-process phosphoric acid directly in the production process of the enterprises engaged in the phosphorite treatment process.

scholarly journals Rare Earth Occurrences in Streams of Processing a Phosphate Ore

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaosheng Yang ◽  
Hannu Tapani Makkonen ◽  
Lassi Pakkanen
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Electron Probe Microanalysis ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Phosphate Ore ◽  
Mineral Liberation ◽  
Efficient Recovery ◽  
Liberation Analysis

Rare earth elements (REEs) are defined as lanthanides with Y and Sc. Rare earth occurrences including the REE-bearing phases and their distributions, measured by rare earth oxides (REOs), in the streams of processing a phosphate ore were determined by using MLA, the mineral liberation analysis and EPMA, the electron probe microanalysis. The process includes an apatite ore beneficiation by flotation and further processing of the beneficiation concentrate with sulfuric acid. Twenty-six, sixty-two and twelve percent of the total REOs (TREO) contents from the ore end up in the products of beneficiation tailings, phosphogypsum (PG) and phosphoric acid, respectively. Apatite, allanite, monazite and pyrochlore are identified as REE-bearing minerals in the beneficiation process. In the beneficiation tailings, the REEs are mainly distributed in monazite (10.3% TREO), apatite (5.9% TREO), allanite (5.4% TREO) and pyrochlore (4.3% TREO). Gypsum, monazite, apatite and other REE-bearing phases were found to host REEs in the PG and the REEs distributions are 44.9% TREO in gypsum, 15.8% TREO in monazite, 0.6% TREO in apatite and 0.6% TREO in other REE-bearing phases. Perspectives on the efficient recovery of REEs from the beneficiation tailings and the PG are discussed.

scholarly journals Increasing the depth of apatite processing by extracting rare-earth elements

2021 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
E.S. Lukyantseva ◽  
V.V. Sergeev
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extractant Concentration ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
Heavy Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Method Of Extraction

Currently, most high-technology productions are impossible without rare-earth elements (REE). The heavy rare-earth elements are of great interest as they have the highest market value and are in demand in the vast majority of knowledge-intensive industries. The main recourse of REE in Russia is apatite ore which is used in the production of fertilizers. As a result of its leaching, about 15-20% of REE goes to wet-process phosphoric acid. To enhance the depth of apatite processing, it is necessary to develop a technology which will allow obtaining rare-earth elements as by-products. The method of extraction and concentration of REE discussed in this paper was conducted by using the extractant based on di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA). The mechanism of extraction was studied, as well as the impact of the extractant concentration, phase ratio and the number of stages on the extraction process.

Distribution of natural radionuclides during the processing of phosphate rock from Itataia-Brazil for production of phosphoric acid and uranium concentrate

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (9-11) ◽  
Author(s):  
H.T. Fukuma ◽  
E.A.N. Fernandes ◽  
A.L. Quinelato
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
Uranium Concentrate ◽  
Uranium Phosphate

A high-uranium phosphate rock from the Itataia deposit, located in the state of Ceará, Brazil, was milled in a pilot plant for wet-process phosphoric acid production. Further processing with solvent extraction (DEHPA/TOPO) was used aiming to recover uranium from the phosphoric acid. The distribution of natural radionuclides with long physical half-life of the

scholarly journals Studies on the transformation of calcium sulphate dihydrate to hemihydrate in the wet process phosphoric acid production

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Grzmil ◽  
Bogumił Kic ◽  
Olga Żurek ◽  
Konrad Kubiak
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wet Process

Studies on the transformation of calcium sulphate dihydrate to hemihydrate in the wet process phosphoric acid production The influence of the process temperature from 85°C to 95°C, the content of phosphates and sulphates in the wet process phosphoric acid (about 22-36 wt% P2O5 and about 2-9 wt% SO42-) and the addition of αCaSO4·0.5H2O crystallization nuclei (from 10% to 50% in relation to CaSO4·2H2O) on the transformation of calcium sulphate dihydrate to hemihydrate has been determined. The wet process phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum from the industrial plant was utilized. They were produced by reacting sulphuric acid with phosphate rock (Tunisia) in the DH-process. The X-ray diffraction analysis was used to determine the phase composition and fractions of various forms of calcium sulphates in the samples and the degree of conversion of CaSO4·2H2O to αCaSO4·0.5H2O and CaSO4. It was found that the transformation of CaSO4·2H2O to αCaSO4·0.5H2O should be carried out in the presence of αCaSO4·0.5H2O crystallization nuclei as an additive (in the amount of 20% in relation to CaSO4·2H2O), at temperatures 90±2°C, in the wet process phosphoric acid containing the sulphates and phosphates in the range of 4±1 wt% and 27±1 wt%, respectively.

Recovery of rare earth elements from the wet process phosphoric acid

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Lokshin ◽  
O. A. Tareeva ◽  
I. R. Elizarova ◽  
V. T. Kalinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Wet Process
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