scholarly journals LIBS as a Spectral Sensor for Monitoring Metallic Molten Phase in Metallurgical Applications—A Review

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1073
Author(s):  
Ashwin Kumar Myakalwar ◽  
Claudio Sandoval ◽  
Marizú Velásquez ◽  
Daniel Sbarbaro ◽  
Benjamín Sepúlveda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Emission ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Distance Analysis ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Iron Aluminum ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Molten Phase

This review article discusses the latest advances on molten phase monitoring in metallurgical processes by using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). LIBS is an analytical laser-based technique, where a pulsed laser is focused on a sample to create a plasma. The optical emission from the plasma can be transferred through open-path optical configuration or via an optical fiber to a spectrometer to receive analytical information in the form of elemental composition. Thus, a relatively long-distance analysis can be performed using LIBS. Several modern experimental arrangements, patents and industrial notes are assessed, and the literature is reviewed. The review includes applications of LIBS to analyze steel, iron, aluminum, copper, slags, metal melts, and other materials. Temperature, pressure, and atmospheric composition are crucial parameters of any melting process. Hence, past studies on molten phases describing these parameters have been discussed. Finally, the review addresses the last technological advances for these types of applications. It also points out the need of development in some fields and some limitations to overcome. In addition, the review highlights the use of modern machine learning and data processing techniques to increase the effectiveness of calibration and quantification approaches. These developments are expected to improve the performance of LIBS systems already implemented at an industrial scale and ease the development of new applications in pyrometallurgical processes to address the stringent market and environmental regulations.

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy for monitoring the molten phase desulfurization process of blister copper

2021 ◽  
pp. 338805
Author(s):  
Ashwin Kumar Myakalwar ◽  
Claudio Sandoval ◽  
Benjamín Sepúlveda ◽  
Rodrigo Fuentes ◽  
Roberto Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blister Copper ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Desulfurization Process ◽  
Molten Phase

scholarly journals Analysis of Garnet by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy—Two Practical Applications

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 705
Author(s):  
Peter A. Defnet ◽  
Michael A. Wise ◽  
Russell S. Harmon ◽  
Richard R. Hark ◽  
Keith Hilferding
Keyword(s):  
Optical Emission ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Chemical Complexity ◽  
Geochemical Fingerprinting ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a simple and straightforward technique of atomic emission spectroscopy that can provide multi-element detection and quantification in any material, in-situ and in real time because all elements emit in the 200–900 nm spectral range of the LIBS optical emission. This study evaluated two practical applications of LIBS—validation of labels assigned to garnets in museum collections and discrimination of LCT (lithium-cesium-tantalum) and NYF (niobium, yttrium and fluorine) pegmatites based on garnet geochemical fingerprinting, both of which could be implemented on site in a museum or field setting with a handheld LIBS analyzer. Major element compositions were determined using electron microprobe analysis for a suite of 208 garnets from 24 countries to determine garnet type. Both commercial laboratory and handheld analyzers were then used to acquire LIBS broadband spectra that were chemometrically processed by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) and linear support vector machine classification (SVM). High attribution success rates (>98%) were obtained using PLSDA and SVM for the handheld data suggesting that LIBS could be used in a museum setting to assign garnet type quickly and accurately. LIBS also identifies changes in garnet composition associated with increasing mineral and chemical complexity of LCT and NYF pegmatites.

scholarly journals Comparison of Elemental Analysis Techniques for the Characterization of Commercial Alloys

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 736
Author(s):  
Peter Seidel ◽  
Doreen Ebert ◽  
Robert Schinke ◽  
Robert Möckel ◽  
Simone Raatz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
General Evaluation ◽  
Sample Composition ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Copper Aluminum

Better quality control for alloy manufacturing and sorting of post-consumer scraps relies heavily on the accurate determination of their chemical composition. In recent decades, analytical techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and spark optical emission spectroscopy (spark-OES), found widespread use in the metal industry, though only a few studies were published about the comparison of these techniques for commercially available alloys. Hence, we conducted a study on the evaluation of four analytical techniques (energy-dispersive XRF, wavelength-dispersive XRF, LIBS, and spark-OES) for the determination of metal sample composition. It focuses on the quantitative analysis of nine commercial alloys, representing the three most important alloy classes: copper, aluminum, and steel. First, spark-OES is proven to serve as a validation technique in the use of certified alloy reference samples. Following an examination of the lateral homogeneity by XRF, the results of the techniques are compared, and reasons for deviations are discussed. Finally, a more general evaluation of each technique with its capabilities and limitations is given, taking operation-relevant parameters, such as measurement speed and calibration effort, into account. This study shall serve as a guide for the routine use of these methods in metal producing and recycling industries.

Optimization of distances between the target surface and focal point on spatially confined laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with a cylindrical cavity

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Guo ◽  
Junfeng Shao ◽  
Tingfeng Wang ◽  
Changbin Zheng ◽  
Anmin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Spatial Confinement ◽  
Laser Induced Plasma ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

The spatial confinement effect in laser-induced plasma with different distances between the target surface and focal point is investigated by optical emission spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Application of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for environmental, chemical, and biological sensing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly VerMeulen ◽  
Jay Clausen ◽  
Ashley Mossell ◽  
Michael Morgan ◽  
Komi Messan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Inductively Couple Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Environmental Chemical ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

The Army is interested in sensors capable of characterizing/monitoring the environment (battlefield or military training ranges) at proximal distances. Recently, we evaluated laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) systems (hand-held, proximal, and bench top) for the characterization of metals (antimony, copper, lead, tungsten, and zinc) in soils obtained from military training ranges. We then compared the results to findings obtained with standard field and laboratory instrumentation for metals analysis -X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Inductively Couple Plasma- Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES).

scholarly journals Analysis of Rock Varnish from the Mojave Desert by Handheld Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5200
Author(s):  
Russell S. Harmon ◽  
Daria Khashchevskaya ◽  
Michelle Morency ◽  
Lewis A. Owen ◽  
Morgan Jennings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mojave Desert ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
In Situ Analysis ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Rock Varnish ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a form of optical emission spectroscopy that can be used for the rapid analysis of geological materials in the field under ambient environmental conditions. We describe here the innovative use of handheld LIBS for the in situ analysis of rock varnish. This thinly laminated and compositionally complex veneer forms slowly over time on rock surfaces in dryland regions and is particularly abundant across the Mojave Desert climatic region of east-central California (USA). Following the depth profiling examination of a varnished clast from colluvial gravel in Death Valley in the laboratory, our in situ analysis of rock varnish and visually similar coatings on rock surfaces was undertaken in the Owens and Deep Spring valleys in two contexts, element detection/identification and microchemical mapping. Emission peaks were recognized in the LIBS spectra for the nine elements most abundant in rock varnish—Mn, Fe, Si, Al, Na, Mg, K, Ca and Ba, as well as for H, Li, C, O, Ti, V, Sr and Rb. Focused follow-up laboratory and field studies will help understand rock varnish formation and its utility for weathering and chronological studies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document