scholarly journals Procedures of Detecting Damage to a Conveyor Belt with Use of an Inspection Legged Robot for Deep Mine Infrastructure

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1040
Author(s):  
Maria Stachowiak ◽  
Wioletta Koperska ◽  
Paweł Stefaniak ◽  
Artur Skoczylas ◽  
Sergii Anufriiev
Keyword(s):  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Belt Conveyor ◽  
Deep Mine ◽  
Inspection Robot ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Route Length ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Edge Damage

Conveying systems are responsible for a large part of continuous horizontal transportation in underground mines. The total length of a conveyor network can reach hundreds of kilometers, while a single conveyor usually has a route length of about 0.5–2 km. The belt is a critical and one of the most costly components of the conveyor, and damage to it can result in long unexpected stoppages of production. This is why proper monitoring of conveyor belts is crucial for continuous operation. In this article, algorithms for the detection of potential damage to a conveyor belt are described. The algorithms for analysis used video recordings of a moving belt conveyor, which, in case the of hazardous conditions of deep mines, can be collected, for example, by a legged autonomous inspection robot. The video was then analyzed frame by frame. In this article, algorithms for edge damage detection, belt deviation, and conveyor load estimation are described. The main goal of the research was to find a potential application for image recognition to detect damage to conveyor belts in mines.

Mathematical Model for Determining the Lifetime of Conveyor Belts Depending on some Selected Parameters

2014 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Miriam Andrejiová ◽  
Anna Grinčová ◽  
Anna Pavlisková
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Paint Layer ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Belt Conveyor ◽  
Layer Width ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Belt Conveyors ◽  
Transported Material ◽  
Optimal Construction

In the last years, belt conveyors belong to the most frequently used means of transport in various industries. The most important component of the belt conveyor is the conveyor belt. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention also to optimal lifetime of conveyor belts. Conveyor belt lifetime is a very complicated issue. It is affected by plenty of factors, including above all the quality structure of the belt conveyor, optimal construction, production, and properties of the conveyor belt as such, adequate solution of conveyance route shifting, reasonable maintenance, and quality repairs of conveyor belts. The paper deals with the exploring the lifetime of conveyor belts depending from on some selected parameters obtained from the operating records of practice (thickness of paint layer, width and length of the belt, conveyor speed and quantity of transported material) with using appropriate mathematical - statistical methods.

scholarly journals Mini-Crack Detection of Conveyor Belt Based on Laser Excited Thermography

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10766
Author(s):  
Fei Zeng ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Qing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Crack Detection ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Belt Conveyor ◽  
Thermal Images ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Conveyor Belts

For a belt conveyor, a belt with mini-cracks influences the safety of the operation of the belt conveyor devices significantly. The lumpy material rubbing against a belt with mini-cracks will lead to detrimental tears on the belt while the conveyor works at high speeds. In order to detect mini-cracks in a timely manner, before the occurrence of large tears, a new mini-crack detection method for conveyor belts based on laser excited thermography is proposed. A laser beam is applied to generate a heat wave on the belt surface, so the corresponding thermal images can be recorded by an infrared camera. Then, an algorithm for extracting and fusing the features of mini-crack belt’s thermal images is firstly proposed by using time sequence analysis. It could transform multiple sequential thermal images into a single thermal image according to the frame difference method, so that the infrared thermal response of the mini-crack over time could be recorded quickly. To reveal the features of mini-crack, the power function image enhancement algorithm is proposed. After that, the threshold segmentation and Hough transform algorithm are used to determine the size of the mini-crack. The experimental results show that the mini-cracks with length of 50–140 mm, width of 1–10 mm, and depth of 5 mm can be successfully detected, and the detection accuracy could reach 96%. The detection results of different sizes of mini-crack show that the laser excited thermography has high damage sensitivity (1 mm diameter mini-crack detection), high accuracy (96%), lower power consumption (15 W laser excitation), and high SNR (signal-to-noise ratio).

Application the Renewal Theory to Determining the Models of the Optimal Lifetime for Conveyor Belts

2014 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Anna Grinčová ◽  
Miriam Andrejiová ◽  
Peter Grendel
Keyword(s):  
Renewal Theory ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Belt Conveyor ◽  
Operation Analysis ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Belt Conveyors ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Methods Of Operation

Belt conveyance belongs to the continual transport systems characteristic with high-level conveying performances. Belt conveyors are of significant importance in the transportation of various types of materials in the industries like engineering, metallurgy and construction. The fundamental and the most expensive component of belt conveyors is the conveyor belt which is, during the operation on the belt conveyor, exposed to number of various loads that evoke the process of conveyor belt wear and damage. Lifetime of conveyor belts, which is the determining parameter for the belt conveyance economy and efficiency, is very important for the practice.Issues regarding the conveyor belt lifetime should be solved applying also the methods of operation analysis, especially the linear programming and the renewal theory that uses the theory of probability and mathematic statistics. The objective of our research was to determine the optimal lifetime (optimal performance duration) of a belt conveyor, applying the renewal theory, whereas the research was based on the cost approach of the renewal process.

Numerical Models of Rubber-Textile Composites of Conveyor Belts

2014 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Bouda ◽  
Peter Bocko ◽  
Tomáš Hájek
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Large Strain ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Textile Composites ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Belt Conveyor ◽  
Textile Composite ◽  
Conveyor System ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
Conveyor Belts

Conveyor belt is the carrying medium of a belt conveyor system and it’s widely used by various industries. From a material modeling point of view it is a long fiber rubber-textile composite, where textile fibers bear the load. This contribution presents a procedure for material parameters calibration of rubber-textile composite, where large-strain phenomena need to be expected.

scholarly journals Research on Deviation Detection of Belt Conveyor Based on Inspection Robot and Deep Learning

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Changyun Miao ◽  
Xianguo Li ◽  
Guowei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Template Matching ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Outer Edge ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Belt Conveyor ◽  
Inspection Robot ◽  
Edge Points

The deviation of the conveyor belt is a common failure that affects the safe operation of the belt conveyor. In this paper, a deviation detection method of the belt conveyor based on inspection robot and deep learning is proposed to detect the deviation at its any position. Firstly, the inspection robot captures the image and the region of interest (ROI) containing the conveyor belt edge and the exposed idler is extracted by the optimized MobileNet SSD (OM-SSD). Secondly, Hough line transform algorithm is used to detect the conveyor belt edge, and an elliptical arc detection algorithm based on template matching is proposed to detect the idler outer edge. Finally, a geometric correction algorithm based on homography transformation is proposed to correct the coordinates of the detected edge points, and the deviation degree (DD) of the conveyor belt is estimated based on the corrected coordinates. The experimental results show that the proposed method can detect the deviation of the conveyor belt continuously with an RMSE of 3.7 mm, an MAE of 4.4 mm, and an average time consumption of 135.5 ms. It improves the monitoring range, detection accuracy, reliability, robustness, and real-time performance of the deviation detection of the belt conveyor.

scholarly journals Analysis of Reasons for Reduced Strength of Multiply Conveyor Belt Splices

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1512
Author(s):  
Mirosław Bajda ◽  
Monika Hardygóra
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Strength Parameter ◽  
Belt Conveyor ◽  
Reliable Operation ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Belt Conveyors ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Transported Material

Belt conveyors are used for the transportation of bulk materials in a number of different branches of industry, especially in mining and power industries or in shipping ports. The main component of a belt conveyor is its belt, which serves both as a support for the transported material along the conveyor route and as an element in the drive transmission system. Being crucial to the effective and reliable operation of the conveyor, the belt is also its most expensive and the least durable element. A conveyor belt comprises a core, covers and edges. A multiply textile belt, in which the core is constructed of synthetic fibers such as polyamide, polyester or aramid, is the oldest and still the most commonly used conveyor belt type. The plies are joined with a thin layer of rubber or another material (usually the material is the same as the material used in the covers), which provides the required delamination strength to the belt and allows the plies to move relative to each other as the belt is bent. Belts are installed on the conveyors in a closed loop in order to join belt sections, whose number and length depend on the length and type of the belt conveyor. Belts are joined with each other in a splicing procedure. The cutting of the belt core causes belt splices to be prone to concentrated stresses. The discontinued core also causes the belt to be the weakest element in a conveyor belt loop. The article presents the results of strength parameter tests that were performed on laboratory and industrial splices and indicated the reasons for the reduced strength of conveyor belt splices. Splice strength is reduced mainly due to incorrect preparation of the spliced surfaces and to different mechanical parameters of the spliced belts.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Effective Tension Calculation for Design Belt Conveyor between CEMA and DIN Standard

2018 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Iman Satria ◽  
Meifal Rusli
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Motor Power ◽  
Belt Conveyor ◽  
Material Transfer ◽  
Transportation Equipment ◽  
Conveyor Belts

In the present era, many industries are demanding material transfer equipment that works maximally and cheaply. Belt Conveyor is one of the most efficient material transfer equipment compared to heavy equipment or other transportation equipment, because it can transport the material in large capacity. When designing conveyor belts, many industries want large transport capacity at low cost. One of the cost savings can be done with low motor power consumption. Many standards describe the effective tension calculation on the conveyor belt in detail with the parameters, since the effective tension calculation results are essential for determining motor power. This paper aims to analyze the effective tension on conveyor belts using CEMA 5th, CEMA 6th and DIN 22101 standards with case studies of 1000 TPH carrying capacity and 3 m/s conveyor speed. The difference between CEMA and DIN when determining the effective tension is on the use of coefficient of friction, because DIN uses a global coefficient of friction while CEMA uses different friction coefficients on idler, belt and material. This difference in coefficient of friction results in different ways of calculating the resistance being the accumulation of the effective tension. The result is an effective tension value using DIN 22101 standard of 22,148.16 N with motor power consumption of 66.5 kW, while effective tension value using CEMA 5th standard is 32.201.66 N with motor power consumption 96.47 kW, and effective tension value using CEMA 6th standard is 29,686.48 N with 89.06 kW motor power consumption.

scholarly journals Efficient setup of the belt conveyor speed through of templates

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1565
Author(s):  
Daniel Corrêa da Silva ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Soares Maia ◽  
Letícia Ali Figueiredo Ferreira ◽  
Ana Carla De Souza Gomes dos Santos ◽  
Genildo Nonato Santos
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Method ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Transport Capacity ◽  
Belt Conveyor ◽  
Belt Speed ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

It is not obvious to adjust the speed of a conveyor belt so that it is possible to optimize the transport for each piece conveyed even with various studies presented in this area. The complex methodologies that are shown and the many adaptations indicated in these studies may contribute to the low adoption of these configurations. A study made, in this work, from videos of advertisements showing belt conveyor in operating on the factory floor which presented only 44% efficiency. In this work, it was shown, through theoretical studies, a mathematical model that presents the relationship between the speed and the transport capacity of conveyor belts. Based on a model, a graphical method (using templates) has been proposed that helps in choosing the conveyor belt speed for most efficient configurations that can be identified and adopted simply and without many adaptations to the system as a whole.

scholarly journals FPGA-Based Linear Detection Algorithm of an Underground Inspection Robot

Algorithms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Chuanwei Zhang ◽  
Shirui Chen ◽  
Lu Zhao ◽  
Xianghe Li ◽  
Xiaowen Ma
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Material ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Belt Conveyor ◽  
Material Transport ◽  
Inspection Robot ◽  
Sensor Arrangement ◽  
Linear Detection ◽  
Belt Conveyors

Conveyor belts are key pieces of equipment for bulk material transport, and they are of great significance to ensure safe operation. With the development of belt conveyors in the direction of long distances, large volumes, high speeds, and high reliability, the use of inspection robots to perform full inspections of belt conveyors has not only improved the efficiency and scope of the inspections but has also eliminated the dependence of the traditional method on the density of sensor arrangement. In this paper, relying on the wireless-power-supply orbital inspection robot independently developed by the laboratory, aimed at the problem of the deviation of the belt conveyor, the methods for the diagnosis of the deviation of the conveyor belt and FPGA (field-programmable gate array) parallel computing technology are studied. Based on the traditional LSD (line segment detection) algorithm, a straight-line extraction IP core, suitable for an FPGA computing platform, was constructed. This new hardware linear detection algorithm improves the real-time performance and flexibility of the belt conveyor diagnosis mechanism.

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