scholarly journals Geophysical Properties of Precambrian Igneous Rocks in the Gwanin Vanadiferous Titanomagnetite Deposit, Korea

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1031
Author(s):  
Seungwook Shin ◽  
Seongjun Cho ◽  
Euijun Kim ◽  
Jihyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Magmatic Differentiation ◽  
Redox Flow Batteries ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Vanadium Redox

Precambrian igneous rocks (851–873 Ma) occur in Pocheon City, Korea. These rocks —crystallized during magmatic differentiation—formed vanadiferous titanomagnetite (VTM) deposit. Vanadium is a crucial element in vanadium redox flow batteries that are most appropriate for large-scale energy storage systems. We investigated the VTM deposit to evaluate its size and the possible presence of a hidden orebody. We demonstrated laboratory experiments of density, susceptibility, resistivity, and chargeability of the Precambrian igneous rocks to enhance the interpretation accuracy of geophysical surveys. The rocks consisting of underground ore (UO), discovered ore (DO), gabbro (GA), monzodiorite (MD), and quartz monzodiorite (QMD) were sampled from drilling cores and outcrops. The average density values were UO: 4.57 g/cm3, DO: 3.63 g/cm3, GA: 3.26 g/cm3, MD: 3.18 g/cm3, and QMD: 2.85 g/cm3. The average susceptibility values were UO: 0.8175 SI, DO: 0.2317 SI, GA: 0.0780, MD: 0.0126 SI, and QMD: 0.0007. The average resistivity values were UO: 2 Ωm, DO: 36 Ωm, GA: 257 Ωm, MD: 4571Ωm, and QMD: 7801 Ωm. The chargeability values were UO: 143 mV/V, DO: 108 mV/V, GA: 79 mV/V, MD: 42 mV/V, and QMD: 9 mV/V. We found that the properties of the mineralized rocks are considerably different from those of the surrounding rocks. This result may facilitate the mineral exploration of VTM deposits.

scholarly journals Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries: A Review Oriented to Fluid-Dynamic Optimization

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Iñigo Aramendia ◽  
Unai Fernandez-Gamiz ◽  
Adrian Martinez-San-Vicente ◽  
Ekaitz Zulueta ◽  
Jose Manuel Lopez-Guede
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Redox Flow Batteries ◽  
Design Flexibility ◽  
Flow Batteries ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Vanadium Redox

Large-scale energy storage systems (ESS) are nowadays growing in popularity due to the increase in the energy production by renewable energy sources, which in general have a random intermittent nature. Currently, several redox flow batteries have been presented as an alternative of the classical ESS; the scalability, design flexibility and long life cycle of the vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) have made it to stand out. In a VRFB cell, which consists of two electrodes and an ion exchange membrane, the electrolyte flows through the electrodes where the electrochemical reactions take place. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are a very powerful tool to develop feasible numerical models to enhance the performance and lifetime of VRFBs. This review aims to present and discuss the numerical models developed in this field and, particularly, to analyze different types of flow fields and patterns that can be found in the literature. The numerical studies presented in this review are a helpful tool to evaluate several key parameters important to optimize the energy systems based on redox flow technologies.

Mineral Exploration using CSAMT data: Application to Longmen region metallogenic belt, Guangdong Province, China

Geophysics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. B111-B119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyun Hu ◽  
Ronghua Peng ◽  
Guiju Wu ◽  
Weiping Wang ◽  
Guangpu Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Data Application ◽  
Metallogenic Belt ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Occam’S Inversion ◽  
Integrated Interpretation

A controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric (CSAMT) survey has been carried out to investigate potential iron (Fe) and polymetallic (Pb-Zn-Cu) deposits in Longmen region, which is one of the main metallogenic belts in southern China. Conducting geophysical surveys in this area is quite difficult due to mountainous terrain, dense forest, and thick vegetation cover. A total of 560 CSAMT soundings were recorded along twelve surveying lines. Two-dimensional Occam’s inversion scheme was used to interpret these CSAMT data. The resulting electric resistivity models showed that three large-scale highly conductive bodies exist within the surveying area. By integrated interpretation combined with available geologic, geophysical, and geochemical data in this area, three prospective mineral deposits were demarcated. Based on the CSAMT results, a borehole penetrating approximately 250-m depth was drilled at the location of 470 m to the northwest end of line 06, defined with a massive pyrite from the depth of 52–235 m with 7%–16% Fe content, as well as locally high-grade Pb-Zn- and Ag-Ti-bearing ores.

Laboratory XANES to study vanadium species in vanadium redox flow batteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. S24-S28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lutz ◽  
Ursula Elisabeth Adriane Fittschen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membranes ◽  
Measurement Time ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
Redox Flow Batteries ◽  
Flow Batteries ◽  
Electrolyte Membranes ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Vanadium Redox ◽  
Vanadium Species

The speciation of vanadium in the electrolyte of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) is important to determine the state of charge of the battery. To obtain a better understanding of the transport of the different vanadium species through the separator polymer electrolyte membranes, it is necessary to be able to determine concentration and species of the vanadium ions inside the nanoscopic water body of the membranes. The speciation of V in the electrolyte of VRFBs has been performed by others at the synchrotron by X-ray absorption near-edge structure analysis (XANES). However, the concentrations are quite high and not necessarily justify the use of a large-scale facility. Here, we show that vanadium species in the electrolyte and inside the ionomeric membranes can be determined by laboratory XANES. We were able to determine V species in the 1.6 M electrolyte with a measurement time of 2.3 h and V species having a concentration of 9.8 g kg−1 inside the membranes (178 µm thick) with a measurement time of 5 h. Our results show that laboratory XANES is an appropriate tool to study these kind of samples.

Ion exchange membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiongwei Wu ◽  
Junping Hu ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Qingming Zhou ◽  
Wenxin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Structure And Property ◽  
Redox Flow Batteries ◽  
Flow Batteries ◽  
Vanadium Redox

Abstract In recent years, much attention has been paid to vanadium redox flow batteries (VRBs) because of their excellent performance as a new and efficient energy storage system, especially for large-scale energy storage. As one core component of a VRB, ion exchange membrane prevents cross-over of positive and negative electrolytes, while it enables the transportation of charge-balancing ions such as H+, $${\text{SO}}_4^{2 - },$$ and $${\text{HSO}}_4^ - $$ to complete the current circuit. To a large extent, its structure and property affect the performance of VRBs. This review focuses on the latest work on the ion exchange membranes for VRBs such as perfluorinated, partially fluorinated, and nonfluorinated membranes. The prospective for future development on membranes for VRBs is also proposed.

scholarly journals Ex-Situ Evaluation of Commercial Polymer Membranes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFBs)

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 926
Author(s):  
Nana Zhao ◽  
Harry Riley ◽  
Chaojie Song ◽  
Zhengming Jiang ◽  
Keh-Chyun Tsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Polymer Membranes ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
In Situ Testing ◽  
Ionic Charge ◽  
Redox Flow Batteries ◽  
Flow Batteries ◽  
Vanadium Redox

Polymer membranes play a vital role in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs), acting as a separator between the two compartments, an electronic insulator for maintaining electrical neutrality of the cell, and an ionic conductor for allowing the transport of ionic charge carriers. It is a major influencer of VRFB performance, but also identified as one of the major factors limiting the large-scale implementation of VRFB technology in energy storage applications due to its cost and durability. In this work, five (5) high-priority characteristics of membranes related to VRFB performance were selected as major considerable factors for membrane screening before in-situ testing. Eight (8) state-of-the-art of commercially available ion exchange membranes (IEMs) were specifically selected, evaluated and compared by a set of ex-situ assessment approaches to determine the possibility of the membranes applied for VRFB. The results recommend perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes and hydrocarbon anion exchange membranes (AEMs) as the candidates for further in-situ testing, while one hydrocarbon cation exchange membrane (CEM) is not recommended for VRFB application due to its relatively high VO2+ ion crossover and low mechanical stability during/after the chemical stability test. This work could provide VRFB researchers and industry a valuable reference for selecting the polymer membrane materials before VRFB in-situ testing.

scholarly journals Investigation of the limits of high-definition muography for observation of Mt Sakurajima

2018 ◽  
Vol 377 (2137) ◽  
pp. 20180135 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Oláh ◽  
Hiroyuki K. M. Tanaka ◽  
Gergő Hamar ◽  
Dezső Varga
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Scattering ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Muon Flux ◽  
Observation System ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Proportional Chamber ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Density Map

A multi-wire proportional chamber-based muo- graphy observatory is under development for the monitoring of the internal structure of Mt Sakurajima in Kyushu, Japan. We investigated the limits of large-scale and high-definition muography. We adjusted the parameters of a modified Gaisser model and found that the spectral index of γ  =  − 2.64 and normalization factor of C  = 0.66 reproduce more accurately the measured fluxes than the original parameters at large thickness. A thickness and zenith angle-dependent correction is suggested to the measured muon flux due to the energy cut which is introduced to suppress the background particles. The multiple scattering of muons was simulated across the standard rock and sea-level atmosphere up to the distance of 5 km. We found that multiple scattering decreases from 10 mrad to 4 mrad across the rock due to the decrease in the steepness of muon spectra. The multiple scattering falls down to about 2 mrad after the object in the atmosphere due to the increase in observed arrival zenith angles. The 2 m 2 sized multi-wire proportional chamber-based Muographic Observation System (MMOS) was operating between February and June 2018. Three tracking systems operated reliably with tracking efficiencies of above 95%. The muon flux has been measured correctly down to 10 −3  m −2  sr −1  s −1 . The average density map of Mt Sakurajima has been measured with angular resolution of 12 mrad × 12 mrad (spatial resolution of 34 m × 34 m from the distance of 2.8 km). The average density values were found between 1.4 and 2 g cm −3 , except at the crater regions where lower densities were observed. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Cosmic-ray muography’.

Carbon and Metal-Based Catalysts for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries: A perspective and Review of Recent Progress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anteneh Wodaje Bayeh ◽  
Daniel Manaye Kabtamu ◽  
Yo Chong Chang ◽  
Tadele Hunde Wondimu ◽  
H. C. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Electrochemical Energy Storage ◽  
Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
Redox Flow Batteries ◽  
Vanadium Redox

As one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage systems, the vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) has received increasing attention owing to its attractive features for large-scale storage applications. However,...

Electrolytes for vanadium redox flow batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiongwei Wu ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Xiaojuan Xiang ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Junping Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Redox Flow Batteries ◽  
Flow Batteries ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Vanadium Redox

AbstractVanadium redox flow batteries (VRBs) are one of the most practical candidates for large-scale energy storage. Its electrolyte as one key component can intensively influence its electrochemical performance. Recently, much significant research has been carried out to improve the properties of the electrolytes. In this review, we present the optimization on vanadium electrolytes with sulfuric acid as a supporting electrolyte and their effects on the electrochemical performance of VRBs. In addition, other kinds of supporting electrolytes for VRBs are also discussed. Prospective for future development is also proposed.

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