scholarly journals Editorial for the Special Issue “The Rietveld Method in Geomaterials Characterisation”

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 814
Author(s):  
Thomas N. Kerestedjian
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Earth's Crust

The raw materials obtained from the Earth’s crust (Geomaterials) are of fundamental importance for a wide range of industries [...]

scholarly journals Improving of electrical channels for magnetotelluric sounding instrumentation

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Prystai ◽  
V. O. Pronenko
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Magnetotelluric Sounding ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Geomagnetic Variations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Earth's Crust

Abstract. The study of the deep structure of the Earth's crust is of great interest for both applied (e.g. mineral exploration) and scientific research. For this the electromagnetic (EM) studies which enable one to construct the distribution of electrical conductivity in the Earth's crust are of great use. The most common method of EM exploration is magnetotelluric sounding (MT). This passive method of research uses a wide range of natural geomagnetic variations as a powerful source of electromagnetic induction in the Earth, producing telluric current variations there. It includes the measurements of variations of natural electric and magnetic fields in orthogonal directions at the surface of the Earth. By this, the measurements of electric fields are much more complicated metrological processes, and, namely, they limit the precision of MT prospecting. This is especially complicated at deep sounding when measurements of long periods are of interest. The increase in the accuracy of the electric field measurement can significantly improve the quality of MT data. Because of this, the development of a new version of an instrument for the measurements of electric fields at MT – both electric field sensors and the electrometer – with higher levels relative to the known instrument parameter level – was initiated. The paper deals with the peculiarities of this development and the results of experimental tests of the new sensors and electrometers included as a unit in the long-period magnetotelluric station LEMI-420 are given.

scholarly journals The Correlation of Roasting Conditions in Selective Potassium Extraction from K-Feldspar Ore

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mete Tayhan Serdengeçti ◽  
Hüseyin Baştürkcü ◽  
Fırat Burat ◽  
Murat Olgaç Kangal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ceramic Glass ◽  
Leaching Experiments ◽  
Roasting Temperature ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
Direct Leaching

Feldspar minerals are essential ingredients for the glass and ceramic-glass industries. The potassium element found in certain proportions in the composition of K-feldspar minerals has a fundamental function in the growth of plants. The production of potassium fertilizers is mostly made from the soluble minerals, which are located in lakes. Despite having a huge area of use in the agriculture industry, the reserves of these salts are limited and not evenly distributed in the earth’s crust. Due to the high availability of feldspar reserves in the earth’s crust, the production of potential potassium salts can provide a wide range of social and economic benefits. In this study, potassium extraction from a feldspar ore, which contained microcline, albite, muscovite, and quartz, was studied using chloridizing (CaCl2) roasting followed by leaching. Direct leaching experiments were also performed on the sample by adapting various solvents. To emphasize the importance of roasting before the dissolution process, different parameters such as particle size, roasting temperature, and duration, as well as the feldspar/CaCl2 ratio, were tested. Under the optimum conditions (i.e., −106 microns, 850 Co, 60 minutes, 1:1.5 feldspar:CaCl2), 99% of the potassium was successfully extracted from the ore feed.

scholarly journals A framework for evaluating the accessibility of raw materials from end-of-life products and the Earth’s crust

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 534-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra R. Mueller ◽  
Patrick A. Wäger ◽  
David A. Turner ◽  
Peter J. Shaw ◽  
Ian D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Earth's Crust

scholarly journals James Clerk Maxwell 150 years on

2008 ◽  
Vol 366 (1871) ◽  
pp. 1651-1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S Reid ◽  
Charles H.-T Wang ◽  
J. Michael T Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Historical Note ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
International Conference ◽  
150Th Anniversary ◽  
James Clerk Maxwell ◽  
Short Summary ◽  
Wide Range

This paper is the preface to a special Issue of Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A reporting selected proceedings of the international conference marking the 150th anniversary of James Clerk Maxwell's professorial debut at Marischal College, Aberdeen. Following an introduction to Marischal College, a brief historical note summarizes Maxwell's life prior to his entering the college as professor of natural philosophy. The preface provides a short summary of the event and overviews the contributed papers devoted to subjects covering a wide range of Maxwell's research interests and their modern developments. The mixture of review and research papers reflects both the fundamental importance and the diverse applicability of Maxwell's works in electromagnetics, colour science, dynamics and kinetics. Acknowledgements are given to the individuals and bodies who made the conference the success that it was.

scholarly journals Selected Critical Raw Materials in Waste from Coal Gasification in Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8071
Author(s):  
Barbara Bielowicz
Keyword(s):  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Upper Silesian Coal Basin ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
Critical Raw Materials

In an effort to identify new sources of critical raw materials (CRMs) possibility of recovering selected CRMs from Polish coals, chars, and ashes resulting from the combustion of coals and chars was investigated. The samples were collected from pilot fluidized bed gasification systems. The search for CRMs in coal gasification wastes has not been widely reported before. The study used 2 bituminous coal and 1 lignite sample; the concentration of individual critical raw materials (CRMs) was analyzed using the ICP-MS method. The obtained results were compared with Clarke values in coal ash and in the Earth’s crust, and with the adopted cut-off grade. As shown by the analysis, the highest concentrations of CRMs can be found in fly ash, mainly in samples from the eastern part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. This applies mostly to Be, Cs, or Sb due to the fact that their concentrations were found to be higher than the Clarke value in the Earth’s crust; the mentioned fly ashes could be used as potential sources of critical elements if appropriate recovery technologies are developed. In addition, the tested materials have elevated Se, Pb, Ni concentrations, but their recovery is currently not economically viable. Compared to the currently adopted cut-off grade levels, there are no critical elements in the analyzed coal gasification waste that could be recovered.

scholarly journals Editorial for Special Issue “Clays, Clay Minerals, and Geology”

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1057
Author(s):  
Francesco Cavalcante
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Earth's Crust

Sedimentary rocks covering most of the Earth’s crust are mainly composed of clays, making clay minerals widespread globally. [...]

scholarly journals The relationship of the relative abundance of masses of granites and rhyolites in the earth’s crust with the regularities of the rheology of the granitic magmas

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-502
Author(s):  
E. S. Persikov
Keyword(s):  
High Pressures ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Chemical Basis ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Effusive Rock ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
Relative Prevalence ◽  
Relationship Of

Many years ago, V.S. Sobolev suggested that the reason for the relative prevalence of intrusive and effusive rock masses in the earth’s crust lies in the regularities of viscosity of water-bearing magmas in a variable field of temperatures and pressures. Alas, in those years it was not possible to solve this problem on a quantitative physical-chemical basis, since experimental and theoretical studies of the viscosity of such melts at high pressures were just beginning. In the present work, new regularities of the viscosity of near-liquid water-bearing acidic magmas in a wide range of thermodynamic parameters and depths of the Earth’s crust (1–30 km) is established using the structural-chemical model of reliable and correct predictions and calculations of the viscosity of magmas of virtually any composition. It determined that these regularities really are a quantitative physical-chemical basis explaining the reason for the relative distribution of masses of intrusive and effusive rocks of acidic composition in the earth’s crust.

scholarly journals Improving of electrical channels for magnetotelluric sounding instrumentation

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-81
Author(s):  
A. M. Prystai ◽  
V. O. Pronenko
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Magnetotelluric Sounding ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Geomagnetic Variations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Earth's Crust

Abstract. The study of deep structure of the Earth's crust is of great interest for both applied (e.g. mineral exploration) and scientific research. For this the electromagnetic (EM) studies which enable to construct the distribution of electrical conductivity in the Earth's crust are of great use. The most common method of EM exploration is magnetotelluric sounding (MT). This passive method of research uses a wide range of natural geomagnetic variations as a powerful source of electromagnetic induction in the Earth, producing there telluric currents variations. It includes the measurements of variations of natural electric and magnetic fields in orthogonal directions at the surface of the Earth. By this, the measurements of electric field are much more complicated metrological process, and namely they are limiting the precision of MT prospecting. This is especially complicated at deep sounding when measurements of long periods are of interest. The increase of the accuracy of the electric field measurement can significantly improve the quality of MT data. Because of this the development of new version of instrument for the measurements of electric field at MT – both electric field sensors and the electrometer – with higher relative to the known instruments parameters level were initiated. The paper deals with the peculiarities of this development and the results of experimental tests of the new sensors and electrometer included as a unit in the long-period magnetotelluric station LEMI-420 are given.

A NOTE ON THE USE OF MICROSEISMS IN DETERMINING THE SHALLOW STRUCTURES OF THE EARTH’S CRUST

Geophysics ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiiti Aki
Keyword(s):  
Phase Velocity ◽  
Japanese Journal ◽  
The United States ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Random Waves ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
Partial Success

In the VELA UNIFORM Special Issue I of Geophysics, M. N. Toksöz presented the result of his attempt at determining the shallow structures of the earth’s crust from the phase velocity of microseisms. He stated that his attempt resulted only in partial success on account of the fact that the microseisms arrived from more than one direction at the same time with comparable strength. He also concluded that there was no way of improving the results by the use of special arrays because, according to him, there were two unknown parameters, direction and phase velocity, and without the knowledge of one the other cannot be found. I thought this problem was already solved in my paper (Aki, 1957), in which a statistical theory of determining the phase velocity of random waves was given with a successful application to microseisms in Tokyo in the frequency range of 5 to 15 cps. Since Toksöz’s conclusion might have given a pessimistic view on the use of microseisms, I feel it is necessary to report a brief summary of my old paper published in a Japanese journal which might not be well circulated in the United States.

scholarly journals Editorial for Special Issue “Mineralogy of Quartz and Silica Minerals”

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Jens Götze
Keyword(s):  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Earth's Crust

Quartz and other silica minerals make up 12.6 wt % of the Earth’s crust and belong to the most frequent rock-forming constituents. [...]

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