scholarly journals Selective Separation of Chalcopyrite from Galena Using a Green Reagent Scheme

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Kaile Zhao ◽  
Chao Ma ◽  
Guohua Gu ◽  
Zhiyong Gao
Keyword(s):  
High Selectivity ◽  
Sodium Sulfite ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Depression Effect ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Pre Treatment

The study of the depression effect of non-toxic depressants on the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from galena is of great importance for both industrial applications and theoretical research. The mixed depressant (DFinal) of four common inhibitors—sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium silicate, sodium sulfite, and zinc sulfate—exhibited high selectivity during the separation of chalcopyrite from galena. Flotation tests on an industrial copper–lead bulk concentrate showed that using this depressant mixture can achieve highly efficient separation of chalcopyrite from galena at the natural pH of the pulp. Copper and lead concentrates were produced at grades of 21.88% (Cu) and 75.53% (Pb), with recoveries of 89.07% (Cu) and 98.26% (Pb). This showed a similar performance of DFinal with dichromate, which is a depressant that is widely used in industry, but without the environmental risks or the need for pH control. Zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) results showed that interaction between the surface of the chalcopyrite and the mixed depressant was prevented by pre-treatment with a composite thiophosphate collector (CSU11), while the mixed depressant could expel/replace the composite thiophosphate on the surface of galena by chemical adsorption, depressing its flotation. This is the reason why this non-toxic depressant achieved the selective depression of galena from chalcopyrite, leading to efficient flotation separation.

scholarly journals Investigation of Dye Removal Capability of Blast Furnace Slag in Wastewater Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1970
Author(s):  
Sara Yasipourtehrani ◽  
Vladimir Strezov ◽  
Tao Kan ◽  
Tim Evans
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Ore Processing ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Furnace Slag

Blast Furnace Slag (BFS) is a by-product of the iron ore processing industry with potential to be used in different industrial applications. In this research, BFS was used to examine its ability for dye removal from wastewater. The efficiency of two types of BFS samples for removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) and acidic methyl orange (MO) dyes was investigated and results found that the optimal conditions for treatment of wastewater were 80 g/L of adsorbent dose and 1 h of treatment time for both dyes. BFS was found to be more effective for removal of the acidic MO dye than the cationic MB dye. Under shorter residence times, the results showed reverse trends with BFS samples removing higher concentrations of MB than MO. The BFS chemistry had additional impacts on the efficiency of dye removal. Higher basicity of BFS had lower dye removal ability for adsorption of acidic dye when applied at smaller concentrations, while for cationic dye when applied at higher concentrations. The results showed that BFS has potential role for pre-treatment of industrial wastewater contaminated with dyes and may contribute to reduced use of more expensive adsorbents, such as activated carbons.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Hydroxy Sodalite from Coal Fly Ash for Biodiesel Production from Waste-Derived Maggot Oil

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juvet Malonda Shabani ◽  
Omotola Babajide ◽  
Oluwaseun Oyekola ◽  
Leslie Petrik
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Synthesis Time ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Gradual Variation

Zeolites are aluminosilicate crystalline materials known for their unique characteristics, and have been prominent for nearly half a century due to their wide and important industrial applications. The production of zeolites, however, remains a challenge due to the high cost of commercial reagents conventionally used as feedstocks. In the current study, hydroxy sodalite (HS) zeolite samples were synthesised from coal fly ash feedstock by a direct hydrothermal synthesis method. The effects of hydrothermal crystallisation synthesis time on phase crystallinity, crystal size, and morphology of the formed HS were investigated. The prepared samples were characterised using XRD, SEM, EDS and FT-IR techniques. The XRD results of the samples prepared with varying synthesis times confirmed the formation of HS from low to high phase purity and crystallinity from 11 to over 98%. The SEM results reflected gradual variation in crystal morphology, of which highly crystalline HS samples were associated with hexagonal-cubic and cubic-platelet crystals. The FTIR, depicting zeolite characteristics of T–O and T–O–T stretching vibrations in the molecular framework, further confirmed the formation of HS zeolites for samples obtained above the 24-h synthesis time. These zeolite samples were then evaluated for their catalytic activities in the conversion of maggot oil to biodiesel. The application of the various hydroxy sodalite samples for the transesterification of maggot oil yielded up to 84.10% biodiesel (FAME) with physicochemical properties that were in compliance with the biodiesel specification standards. This study investigated the novel use of a coal fly ash-derived, heterogeneous HS catalyst in biodiesel production from maggot oil, and indicates its potential to enhance biodiesel yield and quality upon process optimisation tests.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Bio-Oilphenol-Formaldehyde Resins under Alkali Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Günay Özbay ◽  
Caglar Cekic ◽  
Muhammad Syarhabil Ahmad ◽  
Erkan Sami Kokten
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Bonding Performance ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Pre Treatment

In the present study, bio-oil produced from vacuum pyrolysis of woody biomass has been investigated as a source of chemical feedstock. Bio-based resins were produced using the bio- oil with phenol substitutions ranging from 10 to 30 wt%. The conventional GC/MS analysis was carried out for the evaluation of the chemical composition of bio-oil. TGA, DSC and FT-IR analyses were used in order to characterize the bio-oil-phenol-formaldehyde (BPF) resins. The bonding quality of wood samples bonded with the BPF resins was investigated under different pre-treatment conditions. The highest shear strength was observed for the control samples bonded with the laboratory PF resin. As the amount of bio-oil was increased up to 30 wt%, the shear strength of the samples decreased from 12.08 to 11.76 N/mm2. The bonding performance was not negatively affected by the combination of bio-oil under dry conditions. According to TS EN 12765 standard, the relevant performance requirements for bonded samples under dry conditions must be at least 10 N/mm2. Relating to the standard, all samples bonded with BPF resins obtained the requirements for durability class C1. Under wet conditions, the bonding performance was negatively affected by the addition of bio-oil. However, the BPF resins fulfilled the durability requirements for C1, C2, and C3 specified in EN 12765 (2002).

scholarly journals Biopolymer Extracted from Anadenanthera colubrina (Red Angico Gum) Exerts Therapeutic Potential in Mice: Antidiarrheal Activity and Safety Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago S. L. Araújo ◽  
Taiane M. de Oliveira ◽  
Nayara A. de Sousa ◽  
Luan K.M. Souza ◽  
Francisca B. M. Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contractions

Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (Griseb.) Altschul (Fabaceae family), commonly known as the red angico tree, is a medicinal plant found throughout Brazil’s semi-arid area. In this study, a chemical analysis was performed to investigate the antidiarrheal activity and safety profile of red angico gum (RAG), a biopolymer extracted from the trunk exudate of A. colubrina. Upon FT-IR spectroscopy, RAG showed bands in the regions of 1608 cm−1, 1368 cm−1, and 1029 cm−1, which relate to the vibration of O–H water molecules, deformation vibration of C-O bands, and vibration of the polysaccharide C-O band, respectively, all of which are relevant to glycosidic bonds. The peak molar mass of RAG was 1.89 × 105 g/mol, with the zeta potential indicating electronegativity. RAG demonstrated high yield and solubility with a low degree of impurity. Pre-treatment with RAG reduced the total diarrheal stool and enteropooling. RAG also enhanced Na+/K+-ATPase activity and reduced gastrointestinal transit, and thereby inhibited intestinal smooth muscle contractions. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) demonstrated that RAG can interact with GM1 receptors and can also reduce E. coli-induced diarrhea in vivo. Moreover, RAG did not induce any signs of toxicity in mice. These results suggest that RAG is a possible candidate for the treatment of diarrheal diseases.

scholarly journals Effect of moisturizing pre-treatment of dietary fibre preparations on formation of gluten network during model dough mixing – A study with application of FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopy

LWT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 108959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Nawrocka ◽  
Magdalena Krekora ◽  
Zbigniew Niewiadomski ◽  
Monika Szymańska-Chargot ◽  
Ada Krawęcka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Dough Mixing ◽  
Ft Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Ft Raman

scholarly journals Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) Over Nano SO42--ZrO2 /MCM-41 Catalysts

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Tung Son ◽  
Le Ha Giang ◽  
Nguyen Ba Manh ◽  
Pham Thi Thu Trang ◽  
Vu Quang Loi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Hydroxymethyl Furfural ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
Highly Dispersed ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Mcm 41 ◽  
Medium Acidity

A zirconium catalyst system supported on MCM-41 (S-Z) with various weight components (4-20 wt.%) Was synthesized by the sol-gel method. Structure and Morphology Catalysts were characterized by X-RD, TEM, BET, FT-IR and TPD-NH3 methods. In this catalyst, ZrO2 is highly dispersed on the surface of MCM-41 capillaries. Catalytic activity and selectivity were evaluated by the effectiveness of mild hydrothermal decomposition of cellulose to 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF). The results show that a catalyst with medium acidity exhibits a high selectivity of 5-HMF. Keywords: S-Zr/MCM-41 materials, sol-gel methods, cellulose, 5-HMF.

scholarly journals Production and characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from corn silage using Thermus thermophilus HB8

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sandisiwe Gladness Zondo
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Thermus Thermophilus ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermus Thermophilus Hb8 ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Copolymer Poly

In this study, a biodegradable copolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) was produced from an agricultural by-product namely corn silage through a fermentation process using Thermus thermophilus HB8. Two types of corn silage pre-treatment processes viz. deionized water treatment (unhydrolysed) and acid hydrolysis were carried out at different loadings of corn silage (6%, 12%, 24% and 48% m/v), at 70°C for 50 h. Both pre-treatments were able to produce biopolymer where 6%, 12%, 24% and 48% unhydrolyse pre-treatment yielded 12%, 20.44%, 28.42% and 18.65% PHA, respectively; 6%, 12%, 24% and 48% acidic pre-treatment yielded 42.23%, 49.53%, 56,41% and 61.32% PHA, respectively. The extracted polymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) to study the characteristic bands; gas chromatography was used to identify the PHA monomers of the extracted methyl esters; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the morphology of the bioplastic products; tensile testing was used to study the tensile properties of the bioplastics.

Evaluating the risks associated with nanomaterials

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Thomas ◽  
N. Monteiro-Riviere ◽  
D. Warheit ◽  
N. Savage
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Pulmonary Exposure ◽  
Therapeutic Delivery

This article discusses the risks associated with nanomaterials. The use of nanomaterials in consumer products and industrial applications is becoming more prevalent owing to their range of benefits. Nanomaterials have found uses in energy production, home appliances, water treatment, novel therapeutic delivery techniques and dietary supplements, consumer electronics, and sports equipment. While considerable attention has been given to the likely commercial advantages associated with nanomaterials, less emphasis has been placed on the development of a systematic approach for characterizing the human health and environmental risks from exposure to nanomaterials. This article first considers the use of nanomaterials in consumer products and the characterization of nanomaterials before describing a systematic evaluation of the hazards associated with nanomaterials. It also examines pulmonary exposure assessment and dermal exposure assessment, along with risk assessment for exposure to nanomaterials. Finally, it outlines research priorities for the development of more refined estimates of nanomaterial risk.

Fractionation of wood polymers by carboxymethylation: Exploring the strategy

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHANG-NING CHIEN ◽  
THOMAS E. AMIDON ◽  
YUAN-ZONG LAI
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
Cellulose Derivatives ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Cellulose Component ◽  
Derivatives Of

We explored the feasibility of fractionating wood polymers in situ by carboxymethylation to yield the carboxymethyl derivatives of cellulose (CMC), hemicelluloses, and lignin for potential industrial applications. The initial water-soluble materials formed were a mixture of hemicelluloses and cellulose derivatives, and also contained some lignin (3%–5%). Interestingly, the water-insoluble residue after another carboxymethylation treatment gave essentially a CMC product containing less than 1% of residual lignin. Thus, the bulk of wood lignin is less reactive than the polysaccharide components under typical carboxymethylation conditions. Also, a hot water pre-extraction or dilute acid pre-treatment of wood samples was found to significantly enhance the reactivity of the cellulose component. A preextraction approach would facilitate CMC preparation and also provide the flexibility to convert the extracted hemicelluloses to other bio-based fuels or materials.

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