scholarly journals Chromite Mineralization in the Sopcheozero Deposit (Monchegorsk Layered Intrusion, Fennoscandian Shield)

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 772
Author(s):  
Artem V. Mokrushin ◽  
Valery F. Smol’kin
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Layered Intrusion ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Plastic Deformations ◽  
Layered Series ◽  
Ore Body ◽  
Magnesian Olivine ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Ore Types

In 1990, the Sopcheozero Cr deposit was discovered in the Monchegorsk Paleoproterozoic layered mafic-ultramafic layered intrusion (Monchepluton). This stratiform early-magmatic deposit occurs in the middle part of the Dunite Block, which is a member of the Monchepluton layered series. The Cr2O3 average-weighted content in ordinary and rich ores of the deposit is 16.65 and 38.76 wt.%, respectively, at gradually changing concentrations within the rich, ordinary and poor ore types and ore body in general. The ores of the Sopcheozero deposit, having a ratio of Cr2O3/FeOtotal = 0.9–1.7, can serve as raw materials for the refractory and chemical industries. The ore Cr-spinel (magnochromite and magnoalumochromite) is associated with highly magnesian olivine (96–98 Fo) rich in Ni (0.4–1.1 wt.%). It confirms a low S content in the melt and complies with the low oxygen fugacity. The coexisting Cr-spinel-olivine pairs crystallized at temperatures from 1258 to 1163 °C, with accessory Cr-spinel crystallizing at relatively low, while ore Cr-spinel at higher temperatures. The host rock and ore distinguish with widespread plastic deformations of olivine at the postcrystallization phase under conditions of high temperature (above 400 °C) and pressure (5 kbar). At the post magmatic Svecofennian stage (1.84 Ga), the deposit, jointly with the Monchepluton, was subject to diverse tectonic deformations.

Technology to produce canned vegetables based on unconventional raw materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-67
Author(s):  
Валентина Батырбековна Цугкиева ◽  
Борис Георгиевич Цугкиев ◽  
Лариса Батарбековна Дзантиева
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Admixtures ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Natural Polysaccharide ◽  
Special Value ◽  
Canned Vegetables ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Разработана технология производства овощного пюре из корнеклубней якона, успешно интродуцированного в Республику Северная Осетия - Алания. Изучая химические показатели корнеклубней якона, установлено, что они отличаются богатым химическим составом и содержат сухих веществ - 11,9 %, протеина - 1,88 %, жира - 0,21 %, клетчатки - 1,06 %, золы - 1,48 %, безазотистых экстрактивных веществ - 9,0 %, инулина - 9,0 %, кислотность - 0,22 %. Якон имеет богатый минеральный состав. В 1 кг корнеклубней якона содержится кальция - 0,4 г, фосфора - 0,3 г, железа - 56,1 мг, меди - 0,57 мг, цинка - 3,0 мг, марганца - 12,6 мг, кобальта - 0,03 мг, йода - 0,01 мг, селена - 0,041 мг. Установлено, что в пюре из якона содержание сухих веществ составляет 15,0 %, что соответствует стандартам, содержание жира достигает 4,5 %, а минеральных примесей - 0,003 %. Растительные и посторонние примеси не обнаружены. По внешнему виду пюре из корнеклубней якона представляет собой однородную пюреобразную массу. Запах пюре фруктовый, без постороннего запаха. Вкус сладковатый, полный, насыщенный с приятным послевкусием, без постороннего вкуса. Цвет пюре однородный по всей массе: от желтого до светло-коричневого. Потемнение поверхностного слоя отсутствует. Особую ценность якону придает наличие в его составе инулина - природного полисахарида, на 95% состоящего из фруктозы, что позволяет корневые клубни якона и полученный продукт из него - пюре - рекомендовать как диетический продукт, в том числе людям, страдающим сахарным диабетом и ожирением. Установлено, что целесообразно использовать корневые клубни якона для производства овощного пюре. Пюре из корнеклубней якона по физико-химическим и органолептическим показателям соответствует требованиям стандартов. A technology to produce yacon pips-besed mashed vegetables successfully introduced to the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania is developed. Studying the chemical parameters of yacon pips, it was found that they differ in rich chemical composition and contain dry matter - 11.9 %, protein - 1.88 %, fat - 0.21 %, fiber - 1.06 %, ash - 1.48 %, nitrogen-free extractives - 9.0 %, inulin - 9.0 %, acidity - 0.22 %. Yacon has the rich mineral composition. 1 kg of yacon pips contains calcium - 0.4 g, phosphorus - 0.3 g, iron - 56.1 mg, copper - 0.57 mg, zinc - 3.0 mg, manganese - 12.6 mg, cobalt - 0.03 mg, iodine - 0.01 mg, selenium - 0.041 mg. It was found that mashed yacon contains 15.0 % of dry matter, which meets standards, the fat content reaches 4.5 %, and mineral admixtures - 0.003 %. No plant or extraneous matter was detected. In appearance, the yacon pips-based mash is a homogeneous, mash-like mass. The mash smell is fruity, free of any foreign smell. The taste is sweet, full, rich, with a pleasant aftertaste, free of foreign taste. The color of the mash is homogeneous throughout the whole mass from yellow to light brown. There is no darkening of the surface layer. The special value of yacon is due to inulin in its composition - natural polysaccharide, consists of 95 % fructose, which allows the yacon pips and the resulting product - mash, to be recommended as a dietary product, including people suffering from diabetes and obesity. It was found that it is advisable to use yacon pips for the production of mashed vegetables. Yacon pips-based mash meets standards in physico-chemical and organoleptic parameters.

scholarly journals Living at a High Arctic Polynya: Inughuit Settlement and Subsistence around the North Water during the Thule Station Period, 1910–53

ARCTIC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarne Grønnow
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Ringed Seal ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
The North ◽  
North Water Polynya ◽  
Annual Range ◽  
North Water ◽  
The Rich

The settlement and subsistence patterns of the Inughuit of the Avanersuaq (Thule area) are described and analyzed for the years 1910 to 1953, when Knud Rasmussen’s trading station at Dundas was active. Inughuit subsistence was based on the rich biotic resources of the North Water polynya between Ellesmere Island and Greenland, but the analysis shows that trade, primarily with fox furs at the Thule Station, also played a major role in shaping the settlement pattern of the period. During the Thule Station Period, the named winter settlements amounted to c. 40 sites; however, only 10–15 of them were settled at any given time. The Inughuit settlement close to the station, Uummannaq, soon became the largest site in the area. The sources enable us to follow changes of residence of some hunting families over four decades. By moving their winter sites every second or third year, the families gained primary knowledge of the topography and seasonal variation of the hunting grounds in the entire Thule district during their active years. In the same way, they connected with diverse family networks through the years. Tracing the sledge routes that connected the sites over great distances reveals how decisive proximity to main and escape routes over the Ice Cap was for site location. Dog sledge technology, and thus capacity to transport people, gear, and stored food, boomed during the Thule Station Period with the wealth created from trade and access to raw materials. Mapping the main hunting grounds on the sea ice and modeling the hunters’ annual range of possibilities for accessing different game—mainly walrus, ringed seal, narwhal, and sea birds (plus some caribou)—showed that ringed seal formed the bread and butter of the subsistence economy. However, bulk resources, gained in particular from intensive spring walrus hunts at a few hot spots, as well as carefully timed consumption and sharing of the stored meat and blubber, were keys to life at the North Water polynya. Temporary settlement at the trading stations in the area—a couple of winters at a time—was also part of the risk management strategy of the Inughuit.

scholarly journals Landscape gardening art of the Hellenistic states of Asia Minor

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
Valerij P. Porshnev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Persian Empire ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Landscape Gardening

The article continues a cycle of publications of the author on Hellenustic landscape gardening art. The cultural region, which already in the most ancient times was a contact zone between the Greek world and the East is considered. The historical heritage of the Phrygian and Lydian kingdoms and the Persian Empire, which bequeathed to governors the Hellenistic era sacred groves, hunting reserves paradises and terrace parks with regular planning is traced. Special attention is devoted to parks of the Pontic kingdom of time of Mithridates VI Eupator’s government and parks of Pergamon. The country residence of Mithridates VI in Kabeira is interesting as a sample of the landscape park, the first in the history of the European landscape gardening art, at which there are motives characteristic for parks of time of Romanticism. Besides, parks in Kabeira and in Pergamon had unique collections poisonous and the herbs gathered by Mithridates VI and Attalus III. According to the author of article, these collections, besides utilitarian appointment, being raw materials for preparation of poisons and drugs, had aesthetic value, enriching park landscapes, and their natural qualities were intricately connected with mythology and religion of Greeks. Base of a research are the landscapes of the Black Sea coast of Turkey, the rich archaeological material saving up in one and a half centuries of excavations in Pergamon, and written sources, compositions of antique authors, among which are the works of poet and scientist 2nd century BC Nicander of Colophon not yet translated to Russian.

Cryptic variation in the Rhum layered intrusion

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (323) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Dunham ◽  
W. J. Wadsworth
Keyword(s):  
Magma Chamber ◽  
Fractional Crystallization ◽  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Magma Mixing ◽  
Layered Intrusion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Layered Series ◽  
Cryptic Variation ◽  
High Calcium

SummaryElectron-microprobe analyses of cumulus olivine, chromite, pyroxene, and plagioclase from layered peridotites and allivalites of the Eastern and Western Layered Series of Rhum demonstrate the presence of cryptic variation. Olivine varies from Fo88-78 within individual units, and there are corresponding changes in the Mg/(Mg+Fe2+) ratios in the pyroxenes and chromites. Plagioclase changes are not so dramatic, but the An-content broadly follows the Mg/(Mg+Fe2+) ratio in the other minerals. The most Fe-(and Na-) rich phases do not occur at the top of lithological units, but some way below. The composition trend above them is reversed. The data are interpreted as the result of periodic infilling of a magma chamber, the new magma mixing with the remains of the previous pulse. Each pulse was followed by a period when fractional crystallization produced the layered rocks. New data on Ni in the olivines suggests that the ratio of the volume of initial magma to volume of layered rocks was about four to one, the initial magma being allied to the high-calcium low-alkali tholeiitic basalts of Skye.

scholarly journals Calorific Value of Pine Wood in Crops of the Northern Taiga Forest Area

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
Olga N. Tyukavina ◽  
◽  
Denis N. Klevtsov ◽  
D.M. Adaj ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Taiga Forest

Calorific value of plants is an important characteristic for evaluation of material cycles and energy conversion in forest ecosystems, as well as a qualitative characteristic of plant raw materials as fuel. Wood biofuel is increasingly used in the production of thermal energy, in this regard, it is important to study the calorific value of wood, as well as the conditions for growing high-quality raw materials. The research purpose is to identify the dependence of the calorific value of pine wood in crops on its macroscopic structure, the assimilation apparatus characteristics, density and height of the stand. Small, medium, and large not damaged model trees without pathologies were selected on temporary sample plots. Cores from which were taken with an increment borer at a height of 1.3 m to measure radial growth on the semi-automatic complex Lintab-6 with an accuracy of ±0.01 mm. The calorific value of pine wood was determined in an absolutely dry state using an automated bomb calorimeter ABK-1V. To study the influence of the assimilating apparatus on the wood calorific value, needles of all ages were selected from the middle branch of the model tree crown. Cross sections were prepared from the middle part of a needle using a sledge microtome MS-2. Histological elements of a needle were measured by the Axio Scope.A1 microscope using the IMAGE-PRO INSIGHT 8.0 software. The average heat capacity of pine wood in heath-lichen pine forests is (20 731±133) J/g; in cowberry pine forests – (20 618±141) J/g; in bilberry pine forests – (20 513±104) J/g at a stand density from 1160 to 3806 pcs/ha. The highest pine wood heat capacity is found in heath-lichen pine forests with the density of stand 5021 pcs/ha. The increased pine wood heat capacity in pine forests with high stand density is due to a reduction in the number of needles on the branch (r = –0.75) and an increase in the diameter of resin channels (r = – 0.88). The influence of the average stand height and the annual layer structure on the calorific value of pine wood was found.

scholarly journals The study of compounds distilled with water vapor of Populus laurifolia Ledeb. leaves

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
А. М. Рудник
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Detector ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Village

Poplar plants (Populus L.) are one of the promising species for inclusion in the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. To date, extensive experience has been accumulated in the use of extracts from buds, leaves and bark of various types of poplars in folk and official medicine as effective anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgetic, antibacterial agents. According to literature data only buds are pharmacopoeial raw materials in some countries of the world. Poplar leaves are of interest as a new promising type of medicinal plant raw material, since they have a chemical composition close to the buds, moreover, they are much easier to harvest and the possible volume of raw materials procurement is much larger. The laurel-leaf poplar (Populus laurifolia Ledeb.) is assigned to the section of balsamic poplars (Tacamahaca). It is grown in forest culture, used for landscaping and creation of field-protective plantations in Ukraine. Continuing a comprehensive pharmacognostic study of raw materials of plants of the genus poplar, purpose of this work was to study composition and content of compounds distilled with water vapor of leaves of laurel-leaf poplar cultivated in Ukraine. Leaves for research were harvested in June 2019, from trees growing on the shores of the Murom reservoir in the village of Russkiye Tishki, Kharkiv region (50°09′30″N 36°29′10″E). The composition of compounds distilled in water vapor was investigated on Agilent Technologies 6890N (USA) chromatograph with a 5973N mass spectrometric detector. The total content of compounds distilled with water vapor was 2 126.1 mg/kg. 46 compounds were identified. Terpenoids were presented by 20 compounds with a total content 1 444 mg/kg, the remaining 26 compounds were aromatic substances (256.2 mg/kg) and compounds of various groups (216.8 mg/kg). The dominant compounds in content were β-eudesmol (776.4 mg/kg), γ-eudesmol (298 mg/kg), α-bisabolol (125.9 mg/kg), eugenol (70.9 mg/kg). The data obtained indicate the rich chemical composition of leaves of laurel-leaf poplar and are the basis for further in-depth study of this raw material for assessment the possibility of using it as a medicine.

Central sagging of a giant mafic intrusion: the Ediacaran Sept Îles Layered Intrusion (Québec, Canada)

2020 ◽  
Vol 178 (1) ◽  
pp. jgs2020-029
Author(s):  
O. Bolle ◽  
H. Diot ◽  
W. Fransen ◽  
M. D. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Layered Intrusion ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Anisotropy Of Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Layered Series ◽  
Principal Axes ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
The Mean

Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility data validated by image analysis were acquired on the Sept Îles Layered Intrusion. Most data come from the mafic Layered Series of the intrusion, although the overlying anorthositic Upper Border Series and felsic Upper Series were also investigated. In the Layered Series, Type 1 magnetic fabric defined by gently to moderately dipping foliations and horizontal to moderately plunging lineations dominates over Type 2 fabric characterized by steeply dipping magnetic foliations and lineations of variable plunge, although steep on average. The inverse relationship holds true for the Upper Border Series and only Type 1 fabric occurs in the Upper Series. Several observations, mainly centripetal disposition of the igneous layering, and inclination of the mean Type 1 foliation and lineation towards the deepest point of the intrusion, near its centre, demonstrate post-cumulus, central sagging of the Layered Series. The Type 2 fabric recorded the effect of synmagmatic discontinuities, possibly shear zones, in the Layered Series, its origin being speculative in the Upper Border Series. The mean Type 1 lineations of the Layered Series and the Upper Series are discordant, suggesting that the latter was slightly affected by the sagging of the underlying cumulates, possibly owing to its rapid waning.Supplementary material: Analytical methods (Appendix 1) and equal-area projections of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility principal axes (Appendix 2) are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5057499.v1

scholarly journals Whole-rock and zircon evidence for evolution of the Late Jurassic high Sr/Y Zhoujiapuzi granite, Liaodong Peninsula, North China Craton

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renyu Zeng ◽  
Mark Allen ◽  
Xiancheng Mao ◽  
Jianqing Lai ◽  
Jie Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Fugacity ◽  
North China Craton ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
North China ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Liaodong Peninsula

Abstract. Middle-Late Jurassic high Sr/Y granitic intrusions are extensively exposed in the Liaodong Peninsula, in the eastern part of the North China Craton (NCC). However, the genesis of the high Sr/Y signature in these intrusions has not been studied in detail. In this study, we report results of zircon U-Pb dating, Hf isotopic analysis and zircon and whole-rock geochemical data for the Late Jurassic Zhoujiapuzi granite in the middle part of the Liaodong Peninsula. The Zhoujiapuzi granite is high-K (calc-alkaline) and peraluminous in nature, with high SiO2 (68.1–73.0 wt %) and Al2O3 (14.5–16.8 wt %), low in TFe2O3 (1.10–2.49 wt %) and MgO (0.10–0.44 wt %), and with high Sr/Y (19.9–102.0) and LaN/YbN (14.59–80.40). Morphological and chemical studies on zircon grains show that there are two stages of zircon growth, interpreted as magmatic evolution in two distinct stages. The early stage of zircons (ESZ) reflects a crystallization environment of low oxygen fugacity and high TZr-Ti (Ti-in-zircon thermometer values: 669–792 °C); the late stage of zircons (LSZ) formed with high oxygen fugacity and lower TZr-Ti (498–720 °C). LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating yielded the formation ages of the ESZ and LSZ of ~162 ± 1 Ma and ~158 ± 1 Ma, respectively, with similar εHf(t) values in the range of &minus26.3– −22.8. Interpretation of the elemental and isotopic data suggests that the Zhoujiapuzi granite was a I-type granite derived from partial melting of basement in the region: ~2.17 Ga Liaoji granites. The high Sr/Y signature is most likely inherited from these source rocks. Based on the geochemical features and regional geological data, we propose that the Liaodong Peninsula in the Late Jurassic was part of a mature continental arc, with extensive melting of thick crust above the Paleo-Pacific subduction zone.

IS THE LIFE BOAT ETHIC APPROPRIATE?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-81
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Moral Legacy

Recent statements argue that we in the developed countries are in effect in a lifeboat, well supplied with resources, while many other countries are in other lifeboats without resources such as food. They argue that we should withhold these resources or risk future destruction from depletion of our own resources. As grim as this policy seems, it has many advocates today. What should the passengers on the rich lifeboat do? In answer Callahan argues that we cannot turn away from the needs of the developing countries no matter how seductive that course may seem now. For one thing, we are dependent on raw materials from them. But, more important, he points out that to bequeath a civilization of morality to our children is an even greater need, and we cannot do that by selfish isolation. "If we are to worry about our duty to posterity, it would not hurt to ask what kind of moral legacy we should bequeath. One in which we won our own survival at the cost of outright cruelty and callousness would be tawdry and vile."

Marching Towards a Bioeconomy

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Traditional Agriculture ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
The Rich

Bioeconomy has evolved as a solution to economic, social and environmental problems within and across all the sectors of world economies. It has brought about the materials technology shift from synthetics to bio-based raw materials to introduce sustainable technologies. Activities in the bioeconomy primarily involve the production of biomass from plants, animals, microorganisms and its conversion into bio-based products. Agriculture is a major component in a bioeconomy. Countries with a larger landmass have a competitive advantage in biomass production through agriculture hence a larger bioeconomy. Sri Lanka, with its limited land availability, cannot expand the land further for biomass production through traditional agriculture. The bioeconomy of Sri Lanka therefore have to move beyond traditional agriculture pursuing more scientific approaches for biomass production and conversion. The use of crops as a renewable industrial feedstock and the application of biotechnology are, therefore, indispensable for the implementation of sustainable development strategies in the country. The rich biodiversity on land and the sea of the country is still underutilized and has a great potential to be used in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. There is a pressing need in the country to create a motivated society to pursue the promising prospects offered by the bioeconomy in development.

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