scholarly journals Rutile Mineral Chemistry and Zr-in-Rutile Thermometry in Provenance Study of Albian (Uppermost Lower Cretaceous) Terrigenous Quartz Sands and Sandstones in Southern Extra-Carpathian Poland

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Jakub Kotowski ◽  
Krzysztof Nejbert ◽  
Danuta Olszewska-Nejbert
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Provenance Study ◽  
Eastern Group ◽  
Western Group ◽  
Quartz Sands ◽  
Probable Source ◽  
Eclogite Facies ◽  
Zr In Rutile

The geochemistry of detrital rutile grains, which are extremely resistant to weathering, was used in a provenance study of the transgressive Albian quartz sands in the southern part of extra-Carpathian Poland. Rutile grains were sampled from eight outcrops and four boreholes located on the Miechów, Szydłowiec, and Puławy Segments. The crystallization temperatures of the rutile grains, calculated using a Zr-in-rutile geothermometer, allowed for the division of the study area into three parts: western, central, and eastern. The western group of samples, located in the Miechów Segment, is characterized by a polymodal distribution of rutile crystallization temperatures (700–800 °C; 550–600 °C, and c. 900 °C) with a significant predominance of high-temperature forms, and with a clear prevalence of metapelitic over metamafic rutile. The eastern group of samples, corresponding to the Lublin Area, is monomodal and their crystallization temperatures peak at 550–600 °C. The contents of metapelitic to metamafic rutile in the study area are comparable. The central group of rutile samples with bimodal distribution (550–600 °C and 850–950 °C) most likely represents a mixing zone, with a visible influence from the western and, to a lesser extent, the eastern group. The most probable source area for the western and the central groups seems to be granulite and high-temperature eclogite facies rocks from the Bohemian Massif. The most probable source area for the eastern group of rutiles seems to be amphibolites and low temperature eclogite facies rocks, probably derived from the southern part of the Baltic Shield.

Provenance Study of Venezuelan Pre-Columbian Ceramics Employing Radioisotope X-Ray Fluorescence

1988 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1482-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Labrecque ◽  
J. E. Vaz ◽  
K. Tarble ◽  
P. A. Rosales
Keyword(s):  
Source Area ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Provenance Study ◽  
Archaeological Ceramics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Provenance Studies ◽  
Better Than

Radioisotope x-ray fluorescence analysis was performed to determine normalized elemental intensities for pre-Columbian sherds and roller stamps from different archaeological sites in the Middle Orinoco region of Venezuela. These normalized intensities were used to construct three-component (Triangle) graphs separating the sherds into three groups based on their known origin. The three-component graphs were: (Zn, Sr, Zr), (Rb, Sr, Zr), and ( A, Sr, Zr), where A = Cu + Zn + Pb normalized intensities. The total precision was shown to be better than 5% absolute for all cases studied. It was concluded that two of the roller stamps found at one site were probably manufactured in a different source area. This lends support to the notion that the roller stamps were a trade item in late pre-Columbian times (1000–1400 A.D.). The method applied in this study using a 109Cd (2 mCi) source seems to be appropriate for provenance studies of archaeological ceramics where many samples are processed, because it has the inherent advantages of being simple, economical, and rapid.

scholarly journals Temporal Patterns of Flowering and Pod Set of Determinate Soybean in Response to High Temperature

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yean-Uk Kim ◽  
Doug-Hwan Choi ◽  
Ho-Young Ban ◽  
Beom-Seok Seo ◽  
Junhwan Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Flowering Duration ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Pod Number

Global warming is expected to affect yield-determining factors of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), including the number of flowers and pods. However, little is known about the effects of high temperature on the temporal patterns of flowering and pod set. Experiments in the temperature-controlled greenhouses were conducted to examine the temporal pattern of flowering in determinate soybean cultivar “Sinpaldalkong” and to assess the effects of high temperature on the flower number, pod-set ratio, and pod number of the early- and late-opened-flowers and their contributions to overall pod number. The experiment comprised five sowing dates in 2013–2015 and four temperature treatments, namely ambient temperature (AT), AT + 1.5 °C, AT + 3.0 °C, and AT + 5.0 °C. Flowering duration (i.e., days between the first flowering and the last flowering) was extended by higher temperature and earlier sowing. The temporal distribution of flowering showed a bimodal distribution except for the experiment with the shortest flowering duration, i.e., second sowing in 2014. More flowers were produced in the late flowering period at high temperatures; however, most of these late-opened-flowers failed to reproduce, regardless of temperature conditions, resulting in a negligible contribution to the overall pod number. For the early-opened-flowers, the number of flowers was not significantly affected by temperature, while the pod-set ratio and pod number decreased with high temperatures resulting in a decrease in the overall pod number at temperatures above 29.4 °C.

scholarly journals The Sabaki languages of Comoros

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
maurizio serva ◽  
michele pasquini
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
The South ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Eastern Group ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Western Group

In this article we try to determine the internal and external cladistics of the four Bantu varieties in the Comoros archipelago. With internal cladistics we mean their mutual classification. Conventionally they are divided into two groups: the Eastern group composed of Shindzwani and Shimaore and the Western group composed of Shimwali and Shingazidja, our results point to a rather different classification.With external cladistics we mean the phylogenetic position of the Comorian languages with respect to the Sabaki and Makhuwa languages spoken along the South-Eastern coast of Africa. During the years consensus has been reached that Comorian Bantu languages belong to the Sabaki group, but they are different from Swahili, our findings confirm this conclusion.

scholarly journals The Bulgarian-Polish-Russian parallel corpus

2015 ◽  
pp. 241-254
Author(s):  
Maksim Duškin ◽  
Joanna Satoła-Staśkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Corpora ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Eastern Group ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
Western Group ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Linguistic Material

The Bulgarian-Polish-Russian parallel corpusThe Semantics Laboratory Team of Institute of Slavic Studies of Polish Academy of Sciences is planning to begin work on the creation of a Bulgarian-Polish-Russian parallel corpus. The three selected languages are representatives of the main groups of Slavic languages: Bulgarian represents the southern group of Slavic languages, Polish – the western group of Slavic languages, Russian – the eastern group of Slavic languages. Our project will be the first parallel corpus of these three languages. The planned corpus will be based on material, dating from one period (the 20th century) and will have a synchronous nature. The project will not constitute the sum of the separate corpora of selected languages.One of the problems with creating multilingual parallel corpora are different proportions of translated texts between the selected languages, for example, Polish literature is often translated into Bulgarian, but not vice versa.Bulgarian, Russian and Polish differ typologically – Bulgarian is an analytic language, Polish and Russian are synthetic. The parallel corpus should have compatible annotation, while taking into account the characteristic features of the selected languages.We hope that the Bulgarian-Polish-Russian parallel corpus will serve as a source of linguistic material of contrastive language studies and may prove to be a big help for linguists, translators, terminologists and students of linguistics. The results of our work will be available on the Internet.

Where to draw the line? A nuclear genetic perspective on proposed range boundaries of the crested newts Triturus karelinii and T. arntzeni

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Wielstra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western Anatolia ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
Eastern Group ◽  
Southern Shore ◽  
Western Group ◽  
Crested Newt ◽  
Sakarya River ◽  
Genetic Clusters

AbstractThe group of crested newts distributed from the southern Balkans to the southern shore of the Caspian Sea, Triturus karelinii sensu lato, comprises two species, T. karelinii in the east and T. arntzeni in the west. Three hypotheses have been forwarded defining the range of T. arntzeni, namely from northern Serbia eastwards i) in to Thrace, ii) up to the Aegean-Black Sea waterway including the Bosporus, or iii) into western Anatolia. We study 130 newts from 22 populations across this area with a panel of 40 enzyme nuclear genes. A combined analysis with the computer programs Structure and NewHybrids reveals the existence of two groups with admixture at two localities. The 'western group' comprises all European populations and a population at the southern shore of the Sea of Marmara in Asiatic Turkey, whereas the 'eastern group' is found at the Sakarya river valley in northern Anatolia, Asiatic Turkey. The admixed populations are also located in northern Anatolia. An analysis with the computer program BAPS resolves six genetic clusters, of which three represent the 'western group' and the other three coincide with the 'eastern group' and the two admixed populations. These analyses indicate that the species transition from T. arntzeni to T. karelinii is not in Thrace but in northern Anatolia. The presence of 'western' T. arntzeni to the east of 'eastern' T. karelinii indicates that the species' contact zone has a convoluted shape. Moreover, the spatial distribution of diagnostic allozymes only roughly coincides with that of two deeply divergent mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. A more detailed survey on the crested newt distribution in Anatolia is required to elucidate the picture further.

A mechanism for Nb incorporation in rutile and application of Zr-in-rutile thermometry: A case study from granulite facies paragneisses of the Mogok metamorphic belt, Myanmar

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1503-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maw Maw Win ◽  
M. Enami ◽  
T. Kato ◽  
Ye Kyaw Thu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Granulite Facies ◽  
Metamorphic Belt ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Coupled Substitution ◽  
Trivalent Cations ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Zr In Rutile

AbstractRutile grains occur extensively in host phases of biotite and quartz-feldspar aggregate in high-temperature paragneisses of the Mogok metamorphic belt of Myanmar. They occur as an isolated phase and sometimes show intergrowth texture with ilmenite. Most rutile grains contain up to 3.7 wt.% Nb2O5, which shows positive correlations with Fe and trivalent elements. Niobium substitutes for Ti by a coupled substitution with the trivalent cations (M3+) of Nb5+M3+Ti4+-2. Fine-grained rutile grains included in ilmenite are distinctly poor in Nb (<0.1 wt.% as Nb2O5) and contain Fe of 1.7–3.2 wt.% as Fe2O3, suggesting vacancybearing substitution of Fe3+4 Ti4+-3□–1, where □ indicates a vacancy. The rutile grains in the felsic phases contain high Zr contents of up to 4200 ppm, suggesting equilibrium temperatures over 800°C using the Ti-in-rutile geothermometer. These high-temperature conditions are consistent with those estimated by conventional methods reported in the literature and suggest widespread occurrences of the upperamphibolite and granulite facies metamorphic rocks in the middle segment of the Mogok metamorphic belt. In contrast, the Zr contents of rutile grains in biotite are usually <1000 ppm, implying equilibrium temperatures lower than 750°C. Most of the rutile grains poorer in Zr might have been included in biotite and were isolated from the zircon-bearing system during an early stage of prograde metamorphism. Some other rutile grains poorer in Zr might have been an exsolved phase from Ti-rich biotite during retrograde metamorphism, which was furthered by the infiltration of metamorphic fluid under lower-amphibolite facies conditions.

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