scholarly journals Mineralogy and Geochemistry (HFSE and REE) of the Present-Day Acid-Sulfate Types Alteration from the Active Hydrothermal System of Furnas Volcano, São Miguel Island, The Azores Archipelago

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Iuliu Bobos ◽  
Celso Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Positive Trend ◽  
High Field Strength ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Azores Archipelago ◽  
Eu Anomaly ◽  
Positive Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Furnas Volcano ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Acid-sulfate alteration is comprised by clays, sulfate, sinter and native sulphur minerals crystallized as neoformation products from dissolution of primary minerals during water-rock interaction. Smectite, kaolinite, halloysite-7 Å and opal-A occur in assemblages with alunite. Smectite represents a mechanical mixture between two (propylitic and acid-sulfate) alteration types. High amounts of high-field strength elements (HFSE) and rare earth elements (REE) were measured in acid-sulfate rocks. The Nb vs. Ta and Zr vs. Hf show a positive trend and a widely scattered relationships, suggesting a large fractionation during acid-sulfate alteration. Higher ∑REE amounts (up to 934.5 ppm) were found in clay-sulfate assemblages and lower ∑REE amounts in sinter (opal-A ± sulfate, 169.05 ppm) than to fresh rocks (up to 751.2 ppm). The acid-sulfate rocks reveal a distinctive gull-wing chondrite-normalized pattern with a negative Eu anomaly and light- and heavy-REE “wings” similar to the gull-wing pattern of fresh rocks. The Eu/Eu* shows a large fractionation of acid sulfate rocks from 0.16 to 0.78 with respect to fresh trachyte products (0.10 to 0.38). Variation of (La/Sm)N and (La/Yb)N ratio show a large fractionation of light-REE and heavy-REE. The Y vs. Dy and Y vs. Ho show a very good positive correlation coefficient and a large Y fractionation in acid-sulfate rocks with respect to fresh rocks.

Major-, trace-, and rare-earth-element geochemistry of the Archaean Maggo gneisses, southern Nain Province, Labrador

1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory C. Finn
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Earth Element ◽  
Parent Magma ◽  
High Field Strength ◽  
Element Geochemistry ◽  
Eu Anomaly ◽  
Ree Patterns ◽  
Continuous Range ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Grey Gneiss

The early middle Archaean Maggo gneisses of the southern Nain Province, Labrador, form the southwest portion of the once contiguous North Atlantic (Nutak) Craton (NAC). The gneisses and their late middle Archaean metamorphosed and migmatized equivalents are typical of grey gneiss terranes exposed worldwide. Geochemically the gneisses exhibit a continuous range of composition from 53.7 to 78.4 wt.% SiO2 and straddle the boundary between low- and high-Al trondhjemites. Major-element distributions are comparable to those of other Archaean-aged NAC gneisses (Amîtsoq, Uivak, and Nûk gneisses), however, the Na2O and K2O contents are scattered. The gneisses are depleted in K, Rb, and Ba, are enriched in Sr, and have high-field-strength-element distributions similar to those for NAC gneisses.Rare-earth-element (REE) patterns of Maggo gneisses can be subdivided, on the basis of the nature of the Eu anomaly, into two groups of samples: (i) with negative Eu anomalies and higher Σ REE contents and (ii) with positive to normal Eu anomalies and lower Σ REE contents. The subdivision reflects differentiation processes in the parent magma of the Maggo gneisses. REE patterns are similar to those reported for NAC grey gneiss complexes. On the basis of the (La/Yb)N and (Yb)N values, the Maggo gneisses parent magma is interpreted as being derived by partial-melting processes from preexisting, high-grade (granulite to amphibolite facies) sialic continental crust equivalent to the early Archaean lithologies preserved elsewhere in the NAC.

87SR/86SR, δ18O AND NOBLE GASES AS TRACERS OF WATER-ROCK INTERACTION IN THE THEISTAREYKIR GEOTHERMAL FIELD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Haut-Labourdette ◽  
◽  
Daniele Pinti ◽  
André Poirier ◽  
Marion Saby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noble Gases ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

scholarly journals Geochemical and isotopic evidence of groundwater salinization processes in the Essaouira region, north-west coast, Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Otman EL Mountassir ◽  
Mohammed Bahir ◽  
Driss Ouazar ◽  
Abdelghani Chehbouni ◽  
Paula M. Carreira
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Environmental Isotopes ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Groundwater Salinization ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

AbstractThe city of Essaouira is located along the north-west coast of Morocco, where groundwater is the main source of drinking, domestic and agricultural water. In recent decades, the salinity of groundwater has increased, which is why geochemical techniques and environmental isotopes have been used to determine the main sources of groundwater recharge and salinization. The hydrochemical study shows that for the years 1995, 2007, 2016 and 2019, the chemical composition of groundwater in the study area consists of HCO3–Ca–Mg, Cl–Ca–Mg, SO4–Ca and Cl–Na chemical facies. The results show that from 1995 to 2019, electrical conductivity increased and that could be explained by a decrease in annual rainfall in relation to climate change and water–rock interaction processes. Geochemical and environmental isotope data show that the main geochemical mechanisms controlling the hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in the Cenomanian–Turonian aquifer are the water–rock interaction and the cation exchange process. The diagram of δ2H = 8 * δ18O + 10 shows that the isotopic contents are close or above to the Global Meteoric Water Line, which suggests that the aquifer is recharged by precipitation of Atlantic origin. In conclusion, groundwater withdrawal should be well controlled to prevent groundwater salinization and further intrusion of seawater due to the lack of annual groundwater recharge in the Essaouira region.

scholarly journals Water–rock interaction and the concentrations of major, trace, and rare earth elements in hydrocarbon-associated produced waters of the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carleton R. Bern ◽  
Justin E. Birdwell ◽  
Aaron M. Jubb
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Produced Waters ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Comparisons of hydrocarbon-produced waters from multiple basins and experiments using multiple shales illustrate water–rock interaction influence on produced water chemistry.

Modeling water-rock interaction in the surficial environment: The role of precursors, nucleation, and Ostwald ripening

1990 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 322-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.I. Steefel ◽  
P. Van Capellen ◽  
K.L Nagy ◽  
A.C. Lasaga
Keyword(s):  
Ostwald Ripening ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

scholarly journals CO2 mineralization by olivine at hydrothermal conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1473-1477
Author(s):  
Jan Přikryl ◽  
Andri Stefánsson
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Carbonate Formation ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Co2 Mineralization ◽  
Geochemical Reaction ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

The interaction of CO2-rich water with olivine was studied using geochemical reaction modelling in order to gain insight into the effects of temperature, acid supply (CO2) and extent of reaction on the secondary mineralogy, water chemistry and mass transfer. Olivine (Fo93) was dissolved at 150 and 250ºC and pCO2 of 2 and 20 bar in a closed system and an open system with secondary minerals allowed to precipitate. The progressive water–rock interaction resulted in increased solution pH, with gradual carbonate formation starting at pH 5 and various Mg-OH and Mg-Si minerals becoming dominant at pH>8. The major factor determining olivine alteration is the pH of the water. In turn, the pH value is determined by acid supply, reaction progress and temperature.

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