scholarly journals Mullite-Based Ceramics from Mining Waste: A Review

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Maximina Romero ◽  
Isabel Padilla ◽  
Manuel Contreras ◽  
Aurora López-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Mining Waste ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Over Exploitation

Mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2) is an aluminosilicate characterized by excellent physical properties, which makes it an important ceramic material. In this way, ceramics based on mullite find applications in different technological fields as refractory material (metallurgy, glass, ceramics, etc.), matrix in composite materials for high temperature applications, substrate in multilayer packaging, protective coatings, components of turbine engines, windows transparent to infrared radiation, etc. However, mullite is scarce in nature so it has to be manufactured through different synthesis methods, such as sintering, melting-crystallization or through a sol-gel route. Commonly, mullite is fabricated from pure technical grade raw materials, making the manufacturing process expensive. An alternative to lowering the cost is the use of mining waste as silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) feedstock, which are the necessary chemical compounds required to manufacture mullite ceramics. In addition to the economic benefits, the use of mining waste brings out environmental benefits as it prevents the over-exploitation of natural resources and reduces the volume of mining waste that needs to be managed. This article reviews the scientific studies carried out in order to use waste (steriles and tailings) generated in mining activities for the manufacture of clay-based ceramic materials containing mullite as a main crystalline phase.

scholarly journals Preparation of basalt-based glass ceramics

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branko Matovic ◽  
Snezana Boskovic ◽  
Mihovil Logar
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Glassy Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Ceramic Materials

Local and conventional raw materials?massive basalt from the Vrelo locality on Kopaonik mountain?have been used as starting materials to test their suitability for the production of glass-ceramics. Crystallization phenomena of glasses of the fused basalt rocks were studied by X-ray phase analysis optical microscopy and other techniques. Various heat treatments were used and their influences, on controlling the microstructures and properties of the products were studied with the aim of developing high strength glass-ceramic materials. Diopside CaMg(SiO3)2 and hypersthene ((Mg,Fe)SiO3) were identifies as the crystalline phases. The final products contained considerable amounts of a glassy phase. The crystalline size was in range of 8?480 ?m with plate or needle shape. Microhardness, crashing strength and wears resistence of the glass-ceramics ranged from 6.5?7.5, from 2000?6300 kg/cm2 and from 0.1?0.2 g/cm, respectively.

scholarly journals Utilization of discarded foundry sand (DFS) and inorganic waste from cellulose and paper industry for the manufacture of glass-ceramic materials

Cerâmica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (380) ◽  
pp. 413-420
Author(s):  
L. M. S. e Silva ◽  
R. S. Magalhães ◽  
W. C. Macedo ◽  
G. T. A. Santos ◽  
A. E. S. Albas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Foundry Sand ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Ceramic Materials

Abstract Recycling has been pointed out as an alternative to the disposal of waste materials in industrial landfills. In the present study, the transformation of residues (discarded foundry sand - DFS, grits, and lime mud) in glass-ceramic materials is shown. The glasses were obtained by the melting/cooling method. The precursor materials, glasses, and glass-ceramics were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and differential scanning calorimetry/thermal gravimetric analysis (DSC/TGA). The glassy materials were milled, pelleted, and thermally treated at the crystallization temperatures given by DSC data to obtain the glass-ceramics (885, 961, and 1090 ºC). The main formed phases were cristobalite, α-wollastonite (parawollastonite), and β-wollastonite (pseudowollastonite). The glass-ceramics showed very low water absorption and apparent porosity (0.26 to 0.88 wt% and 0.66 to 1.77 vol%, respectively). The results confirmed that the studied residues can be used as raw materials for the manufacture of vitreous and glass-ceramic materials.

Ceramic Materials for Electronic Packaging

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Rabinovich
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Packaging ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Ceramic Powders ◽  
Main Attention

The paper reviews ceramic materials that are used or can be used in electronic packaging. Main attention is given in relatively new packaging materials such as highly thermal conductive AlN and SiC (BeO-doped) or low-firing cordierite and spodumene glass-ceramics. Application of sol-gel processes in preparation of ceramic powders is discussed.

The Ceramist as Chemist - Opportunities for New Materials

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Uhlmann ◽  
B.J.J. Zelinski ◽  
G.E. Wnek
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Chemical Homogeneity ◽  
And Chemical Properties

ABSTRACTThe use of sol-gel techniques to prepare glasses and crystalline ceramics offers outstanding opportunity for breakthroughs in technology. The areas of particular promise include novel glasses; crystallineceramics with exceptional microstructures; coatings for modification of electrical, optical, mechanical and chemical properties; porous media with high surface area and tailored chemistry; ceramic powders with high chemical homogeneity and narrow distributions of particle size; matrix materials in ceramicceramic composites; and a wide spectrum of specialty ceramic materials, ranging from abrasives and fibers to glass ceramics and films. Opportunities in each of these areas will be discussed and related to the advances in understanding and process technology required for their achievement. The theses will be advanced that creative chemistry provides the key to many of these advances, that ceramists simply MUST learn more chemistry, but that we dare not rest from our labors when the chemistry is done.

Cleaner Production Associated with Financial and Environmental Benefits: A Case Study on Automotive Industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
pp. 873-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldo C. Oliveira Neto ◽  
Silvio M. Souza ◽  
Elesandro A. Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cleaner Production ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Financial Gain ◽  
A Company

The Cleaner Production implementation has been expanding significantly in Brazil and there is a strong tendency that companies start to care about environmental issues, such as: input reduction, production process less aggressive to the environment, among other factors inherent to manufacturing process. This paper presents a case study conducted in a company that operates in the field of automotive industry, more specifically in the manufacture of gears for transmissions and diesel engines. The main aims of this research are analyze a machining line focusing on Cleaner Production indicators and evaluate the environmental and economic benefits using the method Material Intensity Factor. The results showed that the company had both environmental benefits and financial gains due to the reduction of raw materials by means of replaced or eliminated material from the production process. The relevant aspect of this study is the possibility of financial gain associated with environmental gains and benefits by means of incremental changes in the production system.

Novel Soft Chemical Synthesis Methods of Ceramic Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 690 ◽  
pp. 268-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Toda ◽  
Sun Woog Kim ◽  
Takuya Hasegawa ◽  
Mizuki Watanabe ◽  
Tatsuro Kaneko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Soft Chemistry ◽  
Soft Chemical Synthesis

We report novel soft chemical synthesis method, solid hydratethermal reaction (SHR) method as a new soft chemistry. This method is very simple and can synthesize the ceramic materials just by storing the mixture of raw materials added a small amount of water in a reactor at low temperature below 373 K. For example, nanosize YVO4 (under 100 nm in diameter) was obtained using the SHR method.

Sol-Gel Processing of Glasses and Glass-Ceramics for Microelectronic Packaging

1991 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Sriram ◽  
P.N. Kumta
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Low Dielectric ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Gel Processing

In recent years considerable progress has been made in electronic packaging substrate technology. The future need of miniaturization of devices to increase the signal processing speeds calls for an increase in the device density requiring the substrates to be designed for better thermal, mechanical and electrical efficiency.Fast signal propagation with minimum delay requires the substrate to possess very low dielectric constant. Several glasses and glass-ceramic materials have been identified over the years which show good promise as candidate substrate materials. Among these borophosphate and borophosphosilicate glass-ceramics have been recently identified to have the lowest dielectric constant (3.8). Sol-gel processing has been used to synthesize borosilicate, borophosphosilicate and borophosphate glasses and glass-ceramics using inexpensive boron oxide and phosphorus pentoxide precursors. Preliminary results of the processing of these gels and the effect of volatility of boron alkoxide and its modification on the gel structure are described. X-ray diffraction, Differential thermal analyses and FTIR have been used to characterize the as-prepared and heat treated gels.

scholarly journals Recent Progress on the Production of Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) Nanoparticles: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-77
Author(s):  
Adzra Zahra Ziva ◽  
Yuni Kartika Suryana ◽  
Yusrianti Sabrina Kurniadianti ◽  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto ◽  
Tedi Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Thermal Stability ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Al2o3 Nanoparticles ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
And Control

This study aims at discussing several methods to produce aluminum oxide (Al2O3) synthesis methods along with the advantages and disadvantages of each method used. In general, several methods are available: (1) precipitation, (2) combustion, (3) sol-gel, (4) wet chemical, (5) synthesis in supercritical water conditions, (6) microwave, (7) mechanochemical, and (8) hydrolysis, and the most efficient method for synthesizing Al2O3 is precipitation because it is facile and the simplest method (compared to other methods), can be proceeded using inexpensive raw materials, produces less pollution, and has several advantages: high purity product, high thermal stability, nearly homogeneous nanoparticle in size, and control desired particle size. The results of the study help to provide comparisons in producing various Al2O3 synthesis methods.

scholarly journals Cutting inserts made of glass and glass ceramics

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Breidenstein ◽  
Dominik Müller-Cramm ◽  
Nils Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Glass Ceramic Materials ◽  
First Results ◽  
Cutting Inserts ◽  
The Way

AbstractAgainst the background of the increasing cost and scarcity of raw materials that are required for the manufacture of cutting tools, the question of alternative cutting materials arises. Glasses and glass ceramics represent a possibility for this, the use of which has hardly been considered so far. This thesis is devoted to the question of whether cutting tools can be made from glass and glass ceramic materials at all. In addition, the question of how such tools can be used for which purposes is dealt with. First results on both questions are presented. The grinding of indexable inserts from the materials examined was possible without breaking corners and edges. Plastics can be easily machined with the tools produced. When machining aluminum, however, the tools made of glass fail completely, while those made of glass–ceramic show good results here too. These first results are intended to pave the way for further research in this area.

scholarly journals Sol-gel bioactive glass-ceramics Part II: Glass-ceramics in the CaO-SiO2-P2O5-MgO system

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lachezar Radev ◽  
Vladimir Hristov ◽  
Irena Michailova ◽  
Bisserka Samuneva
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractCeramics, with basic composition based on the CaO-SiO2-P2O5-MgO system with different Ca+ Mg/P+Si molar ratio (R), were prepared via polystep sol-gel technique. The structure of the obtained ceramic materials has been studied by XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, and SEM. X-ray diffraction showed the presence of akermanite and HA for the sample with R = 1.68 and Mg substituted β-TCP and silicocarnotite for the sample with R = 2.16, after thermal treatment at 1200°C/2 h. The obtained results are in good agreement with FTIR. In vitro test for bioactivity in static condition proved that the carbonate containing hydroxyapatite (CO3HA) can be formed on the surface of the synthesized samples. CO3HA consisted of both A- and B-type CO 32− ions. SEM micrographs depicted different forms of HA particles, precipitated on the surface after soaking in 1.5 simulated body fluid (SBF).

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