scholarly journals Structural Economic Assessment of Polymetallic Nodules Mining Project with Updates to Present Market Conditions

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Tomasz Abramowski ◽  
Marcin Urbanek ◽  
Peter Baláž
Keyword(s):  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Unit Price ◽  
Legislative Studies ◽  
Project Assessment ◽  
Polymetallic Nodules ◽  
Mining Project ◽  
Financial Flow ◽  
Pressure Acid Leaching

This paper presents the economic structure, assumptions, and relations of deep-sea mining project assessment and the results of its evaluation, based on exploration activities and research in the field of geology, mining technology, processing technology, and environmental and legislative studies. The Interoceanmetal Joint Organization (IOM) and cooperating organizations conducted a study incorporating those elements of the project that are recognized as most important for commercial viability. On the basis of formulated financial flow of operating and capital expenses of one processing technology the possible market unit price of polymetallic nodules was estimated and the result is presented in this paper. The rapidly changing economic situation, affected inter alia by the COVID-19 pandemic, is reflected in the study and updated results are based on recent changes in metal prices. Although assumptions related to mining costs need to be confirmed during pilot mining tests, promising results have been shown in the case of the use of high-pressure acid leaching processing technology (HPAL) as well as in the case of raw ore sales. A pre-feasibility study of the project will focus on the two most promising variants of the model.

scholarly journals Making the case for a political ecology investigation at Goro nickel mine

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Nicole Gooch
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Environmental Accidents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mining Project ◽  
The Us ◽  
Pressure Acid Leaching ◽  
Community Conflicts ◽  
Do So

New Caledonia’s Goro nickel mine, owned by Brazilian mining giant Vale, is unique in the world. The US $6 billion smelter, set over a vast biodiversity hotspot, is using high-pressure acid leaching treatment technology that has never been tested on such a scale. Over the past 10 years it has been the source of a series of environmental accidents, and the object of many conflicts, including intra-community conflicts (Horowitz, 2009, 2010). With multiple actors, complicated motives and set within a political and economic context of decolonisation and development, Vale New Caledonia’s mining project at Goro in the south of the main island of Grand Terre deserves to be the focus of a multi-dimensional and nuanced journalism investigation. This article argues that to do so requires combining journalism as a research practice with a political ecology framework. This combination should ensure that the journalist has an in-depth understanding of the structures and processes of the field (Nash, 2014), enabling her to interrogate, map the visible as well as the visible, and avoid the superficial.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Suhu dan Konsentrasi terhadap Proses Pemisahan Nikel dari Logam Pengotor Menggunakan Metode Leaching

FLUIDA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Ade Yanti Nurfaidah ◽  
Dheana Putri Lestari ◽  
Rheisya Talitha Azzahra ◽  
Dian Ratna Suminar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pressure Acid Leaching ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstrak Nikel merupakan unsur logam yang penggunaannya sudah dikenal dalam industri, terutama pada pelapisan logam dan paduan. Pengolahan nikel dari bijih nikel laterit (jenis Limonit) menggunakan proses hidrometalurgi Atmospheric Pressure Acid Leaching (APAL) yang dinilai lebih ekonomis karena pemakaian energi dan biaya operasional cukup rendah. Media pelarut yang digunakan berupa larutan asam sulfat (H2SO4). Sebelum dilakukan pengolahan, karakterisasi bijih dilakukan menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Flourscence (XRF), dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Metode penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu literature review. Hasil review dari beberapa artikel jurnal menunjukkan bahwa kadar nikel yang terkandung pada suatu bijih sekitar 1,42%, 2,94 dan 0,95% serta sisanya adalah pengotor. Kondisi operasi yang tepat akan menghasilkan pemurnian nikel yang cukup tinggi. Parameter kondisi operasi yang dapat memengaruhi proses pemisahan nikel diantaranya suhu operasi yang ditunjukan dengan semakin meningkatnya % ekstraksi nikel seiring dengan kenaikan suhu. Selain suhu operasi, konsentrasi pelarut juga salah satu parameter yang mempengaruhi % ekstraksi karena semakin tinggi ion H+ akan memudahkan proses pelarutan sehingga akan mengikat Nikel Oksida yang terdapat pada bijih. Suhu paling optimal untuk menghasilkan nikel dengan kemurnian tinggi dalam operasi pelindian atmosferik adalah 90°C dan konsentrasi asam sulfat 5 M.  Kata Kunci: Nikel, pelindian, suhu, konsentrasi   Abstract  Nickel is a metal element whose use is well known in industry, especially in metal and alloy plating. The processing of nickel from laterite nickel ore (Limonite type) uses a hydrometallurgical process of Atmospheric Pressure Acid Leaching (APAL) which is considered more economical because energy consumption and operational costs are quite low. The solvent medium used is a solution of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Prior to processing, ore characterization was carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Flourscence (XRF), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The research method literature review article. The results of reviews from several journal articles show that the nickel content contained in an ore is around 1.42%, 2.94% and 0.95% and the rest is impurity. The right operating conditions will result in relatively high nickel refining. The operating condition parameters that can affect the nickel separation process include the operating temperature which is indicated by the increasing % nickel extraction along with the increase in temperature. In addition to operating temperature, solvent concentration is also one of the parameters that affects the% extraction because the higher the H+ ion will facilitate the dissolving process so that it will bind to the Nickel Oxide contained in the ore. The optimal temperature to produce high-purity nickel in atmospheric leaching operations is 90°C and a sulfuric acid concentration of 5 M. Keywords: Nickel, leaching, temperature, concentration

Kinetics of vanadium dissolution from black shale in pressure acid leaching

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minting Li ◽  
Chang Wei ◽  
Shuang Qiu ◽  
Xuejiao Zhou ◽  
Cunxiong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Shale ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Pressure Acid Leaching ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Economy Assessment for the Chiral Amine Production with Comparison of Reductive Amination and Transamination Routes by Multi-Enzyme System

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1451
Author(s):  
Heyu Huo ◽  
Guangxiao Yao ◽  
Shizhen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reductive Amination ◽  
Nadh Oxidase ◽  
Glucose Dehydrogenase ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Unit Price ◽  
Chiral Amine ◽  
Process Comparison ◽  
Amine Dehydrogenase

Chiral amines are key building blocks for pharmaceuticals. Economic assessment of commercial potential of bioprocesses is needed for guiding research. Biosynthesis of (S)-α-methylbenzylamine (MBA) was selected as case study. For transamination route, transaminase coupled with glucose dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase catalyzed the reaction with NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) regeneration. Amine dehydrogenase coupled with NADH oxidase, which catalyzed the reductive amination process. Comparison of biosynthesis cost by reductive amination and transamination routes was carried out. Economic assessment based on the framework of cost analysis and preliminary process information revealed that cost is greatly dependent on enzyme price. The results indicated that enhancing the activity of amine dehydrogenase by 4–5 folds can drop the unit price of reductive amination to $0.5–0.6/g, which make it competitive with transamination route.

Cu2+-catalyzed mechanism in oxygen-pressure acid leaching of artificial sphalerite

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 910-923
Author(s):  
Lei Tian ◽  
Ao Gong ◽  
Xuan-gao Wu ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Zhi-feng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Oxygen Pressure Acid Leaching ◽  
Pressure Acid Leaching
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