scholarly journals Application of SEM Imaging and MLA Mapping Method as a Tool for Wettability Restoration in Reservoir Core Samples for SCAL Experiments

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Edison Sripal ◽  
David Grant ◽  
Lesley James
Keyword(s):  
Mapping Method ◽  
United States Bureau ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Wet Condition ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Sem Imaging ◽  
Liberation Analysis

In reservoir engineering, special core analysis experiments (SCAL) are performed in the lab to evaluate the production capabilities of an oil reservoir. A critical component of SCAL experiments is core wettability restoration to its original wettability, i.e., oil wet condition. Typically, aging is performed by saturating the core with oil and aging at reservoir temperature where time is the variable in question dictating whether the resulting restored core is strongly or weakly oil-wet. In the lab, core wettability is often experimentally validated using contact angle measurements or USBM (United States Bureau of Mines) wettability tests, which are often time consuming, expensive and prone to error. In this study we developed a novel method by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and mineral liberation analysis (MLA) imaging (at low vacuum conditions) to determine the wettability of rocks saturated with reservoir fluids such as oil and brine. For this work a systematic approach was applied with comparing the SEM-MLA method against conventional methods to quantify the degree of uncertainty linked to a) wettability estimation and b) the aging time. We have used a comprehensive suite of core samples such as Berea, Silurian Dolomite and Chalk to represent the bulk of oil reservoirs in the world.

scholarly journals Biomaterial Embedding Process for Ceramic–Polymer Microfluidic Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold Nawrot ◽  
Karol Malecha
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Anodic Bonding ◽  
Plasma Modification ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Plasma Activation ◽  
Microfluidic Sensors ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Sample Structure

One of the major issues in microfluidic biosensors is biolayer deposition. Typical manufacturing processes, such as firing of ceramics and anodic bonding of silicon and glass, involve exposure to high temperatures, which any biomaterial is very vulnerable to. Therefore, current methods are based on deposition from liquid, for example, chemical bath deposition (CBD) and electrodeposition (ED). However, such approaches are not suitable for many biomaterials. This problem was partially resolved by introduction of ceramic–polymer bonding using plasma treatment. This method introduces an approximately 15-min-long window for biomodification between plasma activation and sealing the system with a polymer cap. Unfortunately, some biochemical processes are rather slow, and this time is not sufficient for the proper attachment of a biomaterial to the surface. Therefore, a novel method, based on plasma activation after biomodification, is introduced. Crucially, the discharge occurs selectively; otherwise, it would etch the biomaterial. Difficulties in manufacturing ceramic biosensors could be overcome by selective surface modification using plasma treatment and bonding to polymer. The area of plasma modification was investigated through contact-angle measurements and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. A sample structure was manufactured in order to prove the concept. The results show that the method is viable.

scholarly journals Hydrophilic Indicates Surface Morphology Quality of TiO2/CdS Nanocomposite Film

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 701-705
Author(s):  
Ali Kamel Mohsin ◽  
Noriah Bidin ◽  
Kadhim A. Aadim
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Nanocomposite Film ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Hydrophilic Property ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Novel Method

Engineering and decoration on the surface of metal oxide semiconductor (TiO2) for increasing activity is challenging. Thus a novel method is introduced to determine surface morphology quality subsequently improving the photocatalytic behaviour. TiO2films are fabricated via laser deposition technique at various CdS thickness. Microstructural characterization and optical behaviours are characterized by felid emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The hydrophilic property of TiO2/CdS nanocomposite film (NCF) is examined via contact angle measurements. The grain density is found linearly increased with the contact angle. A mutual relationship is revealed between hydrophilic property and crystallization with respect to the CdS thickness. Thus, surface morphology of nanocomposite quality is quantified based on the hydrophilic measurement

A novel method for contact angle measurements on natural fibers

2016 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara L. Schellbach ◽  
Sergio N. Monteiro ◽  
Jaroslaw W. Drelich
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Novel Method

scholarly journals A laboratory scale approach to wettability restoration in chalk core samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Jaspreet S. Sachdeva ◽  
Edison A. Sripal ◽  
Anders Nermoen ◽  
Reidar I. Korsnes ◽  
Merete V. Madland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Wettability Alteration ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Flow Mechanisms ◽  
Multimodal Method

Wettability in chalk has been studied comprehensively to understand fluid flow mechanisms impacting coreflooding experiments. Wettability becomes paramount in understanding the parameters influencing chalk-fluid interactions. The main objective of this work is to evaluate as to which degree the wettability in chalk core samples can be controlled in the laboratory. Kansas chalk samples saturated with brine (1.1 M/64284 ppm NaCl) and an oil mixture (60% - 40% by volume of Heidrun oil and heptane) were aged at a constant temperature of 90oC with aging time as the laboratory control variable. A multimodal method incorporating contact angle measurements, wettability index via USBM test, and SEM-MLA analysis was applied in evaluating wettability. A systematic approach was applied with the three different methods to quantify the degree of uncertainty linked to a) wettability estimation and b) the aging procedure to control wettability alteration of Kansas chalk. With a comprehensive suite of samples, we were successfully able to alter the wettability of chalk cores.

Nanostructured Polymer Brushes With Reversibly Changing Properties

2002 ◽  
Vol 727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denys Usov ◽  
Manfred Stamm ◽  
Sergiy Minko ◽  
Christian Froeck ◽  
Andreas Scholl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Brushes ◽  
Phase Segregation ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Nanostructured Polymer ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Vertical Segregation ◽  
Oxygen Plasma Etching ◽  
Grafting From ◽  
Photoemission Electron

AbstractWe investigated the interplay between different mechanisms of the lateral and vertical segregation in the synthesized via “grafting from” approach symmetric A/B (where A and B are poly(styrene-co-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene) and poly(methylmethacrylate), respectively) polymer brushes upon exposure to different solvents. We used X-ray photoemission electron spectroscopy and microscopy (X-PEEM), AFM, water contact angle measurements, and oxygen plasma etching to study morphology of the brushes. The ripple morphology after toluene (nonselective solvent) revealed elongated lamellar-like domains of A and B polymers alternating across the surface. The dimple-A morphology consisting of round clusters of the polymer A was observed after acetone (selective solvent for B). The top layer was enriched with the polymer B showing that the brush underwent both the lateral and vertical phase segregation. A qualitative agreement with predictions of SCF theory was found.

Wrinkling Poly(trimethylene 2,5-Furanoate) Free-standing Films: Nanostructure Formation and Physical Properties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelina Soccio ◽  
Nadia Lotti ◽  
Andrea Munari ◽  
Esther Rebollar ◽  
Daniel E Martínez-Tong
Keyword(s):  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Nanostructure Formation ◽  
Physicochemical Changes ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements

<p>Nanostructured wrinkles were developed on fully bio-based poly(trimethylene furanoate) (PTF) films by using the technique of Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS). We investigated the effect of irradiation time on wrinkle formation using an UV pulsed laser source, at a fluence of 8 mJ/cm2. It was found that the pulse range between 600 and 4800 pulses allowed formation of periodic nanometric ripples. The nanostructured surface was studied using a combined macro- and nanoscale approach. We evaluated possible physicochemical changes taking place on the polymer surface after irradiation by infrared spectroscopy, contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy. The macroscopic physicochemical properties of PTF showed almost no changes after nanostructure formation, differently from the results previously found for the terephthalic counterparts, as poly(ethyleneterephthalate), PET, and poly(trimethyleneterephthalate), PTT. The surface mechanical properties of the nanostructured PTF were found to be improved, as evidenced by nanomechanical force spectroscopy measurements. In particular, an increased Young’s modulus and higher stiffness for the nanostructured sample were measured. <br></p>

scholarly journals Adhesion Studies during Generative Hybridization of Textile-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites via Additive Manufacturing

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3888
Author(s):  
Johanna Maier ◽  
Christian Vogel ◽  
Tobias Lebelt ◽  
Vinzenz Geske ◽  
Thomas Behnisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Small Series ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Generative hybridization enables the efficient production of lightweight structures by combining classic manufacturing processes with additive manufacturing technologies. This type of functionalization process allows components with high geometric complexity and high mechanical properties to be produced efficiently in small series without the need for additional molds. In this study, hybrid specimens were generated by additively depositing PA6 (polyamide 6) via fused layer modeling (FLM) onto continuous woven fiber GF/PA6 (glass fiber/polyamide 6) flat preforms. Specifically, the effects of surface pre-treatment and process-induced surface interactions were investigated using optical microscopy for contact angle measurements as well as laser profilometry and thermal analytics. The bonding characteristic at the interface was evaluated via quasi-static tensile pull-off tests. Results indicate that both the bond strength and corresponding failure type vary with pre-treatment settings and process parameters during generative hybridization. It is shown that both the base substrate temperature and the FLM nozzle distance have a significant influence on the adhesive tensile strength. In particular, it can be seen that surface activation by plasma can significantly improve the specific adhesion in generative hybridization.

scholarly journals Epoxy/alumina composite coating on welded steel 316L with excellent wear and anticorrosion properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryama Hammi ◽  
Younes Ziat ◽  
Zakaryaa Zarhri ◽  
Charaf Laghlimi ◽  
Abdelaziz Moutcine
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Melted Zone ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Alumina Composite ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Good Contrast

AbstractThe main purpose of this study is to elaborate anticorrosive coatings for the welded steel 316L, since this later is widely used in industrial field. Hence, within this work we have studied the electrochemical behaviour of different zones of the welded steel 316 in 1 M HCl media. The macrography study of the welded steel has revealed the different areas with a good contrast. We have stated three different zones, namely; melted zone (MZ), heat affected zone (HAZ) and base metal zone (BM). Impedance studies on welded steel 316L were conducted in 1 M HCl solution, coating of Epoxy/Alumina composite was applied on different zones, in order to reveal the anti-corrosion efficiency in each zone. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was undertaken in order to check how far the used coating in such aggressive media protects the studied zones and these findings were assessed by water contact angle measurements. The choice of this coating is based on the cost and the safety. We concluded that the Epoxy/Alumina composite has a good protecting effect regarding welded steel in aggressive media.

Wettability Determination by Equilibrium Contact Angle Measurements: Reservoir Rock- Connate Water System With Injection of CO2

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narjes Shojaikaveh ◽  
Cas Berentsen ◽  
Susanne Eva Johanne Rudolph-Floter ◽  
Karl Heinz Wolf ◽  
William Richard Rossen
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Water System ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Equilibrium Contact Angle ◽  
Connate Water ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements
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