scholarly journals Contamination Alters the Physicochemical and Textural Characteristics of Clays in the Sediments of the Peri Urban Reconquista River, Affecting the Associated Indigenous Microorganisms

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Ana E. Tufo ◽  
Susana Vázquez ◽  
Natalia F. Porzionato ◽  
María Celeste Grimolizzi ◽  
María Belén Prados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Textural Characteristics ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Textural Characterization ◽  
Reconquista River

The physicochemical and textural characteristics of river sediments and, essentially, their clays, are at the center of a network of biological and geochemical factors that are mutually modifying. Therefore, the contamination, the characteristics of the clays, and the associated microorganisms strongly influence each other. In this work, sediments from two sites of the urban Reconquista River, near Buenos Aires City, Argentina, exposed to different environmental contexts were characterized. The huge differences in the organic matter content in the vertical profile between both sediments strongly evidenced the polluted status of San Francisco (SF) site as opposed to the Dique Roggero (DR) site. Thorough physicochemical and textural characterization of the sediments and their clay fraction performed by pH, Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), spectrophotometry, XRD, laser diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, EDS, and SEM measurements revealed that organic matter (DR: 41 ± 5 g kg−1; SF: 150 ± 30 g kg−1) intervened in the retention of heavy metals (DR: 5.6 mg kg−1 Zn, 7 mg kg−1 Cu, 3.1 kg−1 Cr; SF: 240 mg kg−1 Zn, 60 mg kg−1 Cu, 270 mg kg−1 Cr) and affected the level of association and the formation of mineral–organic aggregates (DR: 15 ± 3 μm; SF: 23 ± 4 μm). This can be decisive in the surface interaction required for the establishment of bacterial assemblages, which determine the biogeochemical processes occurring in sediments and have a key role in the fate of contaminants in situ and in the remediation processes that need to be applied to restore the anoxic contaminated sediments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Improved Model to Accurately Monitor Soil Water Content

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3441
Author(s):  
Jingyu Ji ◽  
Junzeng Xu ◽  
Yixin Xiao ◽  
Yajun Luan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Improved Model

The accurate monitoring of soil water content during the growth of crops is of great importance to improve agricultural water use efficiency. The Campbell model is one of the most widely used models for monitoring soil moisture content from soil thermal conductivities in farmland, which always needs to be calibrated due to the lack of adequate original data and the limitation of measurement methods. To precisely predict the water content of complex soils using the Campbell model, this model was evaluated by investigating several factors, including soil texture, bulk density and organic matter. The comparison of the R2 and the reduced Chi-Sqr values, which were calculated by Origin, was conducted to calibrate the Campbell model calculated. In addition, combining factors of parameters, a new parameter named m related to soil texture and the organic matter was firstly introduced and the original fitting parameter, E, was improved to an expression related to clay fraction and the organic matter content in the improved model. The soil data collected from both the laboratory and the previous literature were used to assess the revised model. The results show that most of the R2 values of the improved model are >0.95, and the reduced Chi-Sqr values are <0.01, which presents a better matching performance compared to the original. It is concluded that the improved model provides more accurate monitoring of soil water content for water irrigation management.

scholarly journals Distribution of iron and iron compounds in the Kemeri - Jaunkemeri occurence of sulphide water

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Janis Prols ◽  
Ērika Teirumnieka ◽  
Edmunds Teirumnieks
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Groundwater Modeling ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Iron Compounds ◽  
Migration Forms ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Formation Of Complexes

Iron concentrations, distribution and migration forms, depending on pH and oxidation – reduction potential, were analyzed in case of the Kemeri-Jaunkemeri occurrence (area about 240 km<sup>2</sup>) of sulphide containing water (maximal sulphides concentration – 74 mg/l), located in Latvia. Iron content was investigated in 457 wells located within all area of occurrence. Those wells were installed to two aquifers: the Quarternary multi-aquifer and Salaspils aquifer, where occurrence of sulphide containing groundwater is distributed. All groundwater of occurrence is classified in four types depending on oxygen, sulphides and organic matter content in the groundwater.  Modeling of groundwater migration forms was carried out, and it is stated that iron migrates basically as Fe<sup>2+</sup> in oxygen and suphides non-containing water. Migration forms are influenced by concentration of organic matter in the aquifer. The portion of Fe<sup>2+</sup> migrating in a form of free decreases due to formation of complexes with fulvic and humic acids, which can reach 36.5% of all migration forms. Iron migrates as Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>  in oxygen containing water (more than 99% of determined forms). Presence of iron is ascertained also in sulphides containing water, where iron migrates basically as (98.8% of determined forms).  This occurs due to formation of complexes with sulphydes – FeHS<sup>-</sup> and Fe(HS)<sub>2</sub><sup>o</sup>.

A MINERALOGICAL AND CHEMICAL STUDY OF THE DIKELAND SOILS OF NOVA SCOTIA

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Brydon ◽  
H. Heystek
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Free Iron ◽  
High Organic Matter Content

Six profiles taken from the dikeland areas of Nova Scotia were examined chemically and mineralogically. The mineralogy of the various layers was similar within and between profiles, except that the reddish layers contained goethite while the grey layers did not. The latter were very strongly acidic and had an unusually high organic matter content due to burial of undecomposed vegetation by tidal sediments. While they contained no goethite, they had a significant amount of "free iron". It is proposed that where sufficient organic matter was available the grey layers were produced by anaerobic bacterial reduction of the reddish iron oxides.Quartz was the predominant non-clay mineral associated with mica, feldspar and chlorite. The clay fraction consisted of illite with characteristics of muscovite, chlorite similar to "swelling" chlorite, kaolinite and montmorillonite.

Adsorption of Chloridazon by Soils and their Components

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Sánchez-Martín ◽  
Maria Sáanchez-Camazano
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Composition ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
Natural Soils

The effect of soil composition on adsorption of chloridazon by 18 samples of natural soils, with different chemical and textural characteristics, obtained from west-central Spain, was investigated. The effect of removal of organic matter on adsorption and adsorption of the herbicide by the active components of the soils (montmorillonite and humic acid) was also studied. A highly significant correlation was found between the distribution coefficient (Kd) and organic matter content when all the soils or the soils with organic matter content >2% were considered. According to the determination coefficients (r2), organic matter content accounted for 72% of the variance in adsorption in the former case and 92% in the latter. In soils with an organic matter content <2%, there was no correlation between Kd and organic matter content. A significant correlation was observed between Kd and smectite content for soils containing smectite in their clay fraction. Both simple and multiple correlations showed that clay content, excluding the smectite fraction, had a relatively small effect on adsorption of the herbicide. Adsorption of chloridazon by oxidized soils, montmorillonite, and humic acid confirms the effect of organic matter and smectite on adsorption in natural soils.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF IRON AND IRON COMPOUNDS IN THE KEMERI - JAUNKEMERI OCCURENCE OF SULPHIDE WATER

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janis Prols
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Groundwater Modeling ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Iron Compounds ◽  
Migration Forms ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Formation Of Complexes

<p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-US">Iron concentrations, distribution and migration forms, depending on pH and oxidation – reduction potential, were analyzed in case of the Kemeri-Jaunkemeri occurrence (area about 240 km2) of sulphide containing water (maximal sulphides concentration – 74 mg/l), located in Latvia. Iron content was investigated in 457 wells located within all area of occurrence. Those wells were installed to two aquifers: the Quarternary multi-aquifer and Salaspils aquifer, where occurrence of sulphide containing groundwater is distributed. All groundwater of occurrence is classified in four types depending on oxygen, sulphides and organic matter content in the groundwater.  Modeling of groundwater migration forms was carried out, and it is stated that iron migrates basically as Fe2+ in oxygen and suphides non-containing water. Migration forms are influenced by concentration of organic matter in the aquifer. The portion of Fe2+ migrating in a form of free decreases due to formation of complexes with fulvic and humic acids, which can reach 36.5% of all migration forms. Iron migrates as Fe(OH)3  in oxygen containing water (more than 99% of determined forms). Presence of iron is ascertained also in sulphides containing water , where iron migrates basically as (98.8% of determined forms).  This occurs due to formation of complexes with sulphydes – FeHS- and Fe(HS)2o.</span></p>

scholarly journals Characterisation of the geochemical heterogeneity of the Rupel Clay Member in the Netherlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Koenen ◽  
J. Griffioen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Boom Clay

AbstractSamples from Rupel Clay across the Netherlands were analysed for the assessment of its heterogeneity in geochemistry and mineralogy. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and bulk and clay fraction X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of 152 samples from 17 different cores are presented and statistically interpreted. The results show a wide variation in the quartz, feldspar, clay mineral and carbonate content between the different samples. Factor analysis showed that the main variance between the samples can be explained by the clay mineral and quartz concentration, the carbonate content and pyrite plus organic matter. In the south of the Netherlands, the Rupel Clay is more quartz-rich and coarse grained. In addition, the clay is heterogeneous, varying with location and depth, consistent with observations for Belgium Boom Clay. Towards the north, the Rupel Clay becomes more clay-rich, finer grained and more homogeneous, both laterally and with depth. In addition, the clay has a relatively high carbonate and organic matter content. The pyrite content does not show any trends with location and depth. The differences between north and south are explained by the variations in depositional setting within the southern North Sea Basin.

Mineralogical and geotechnical characterization of clays from northern Morocco for their potential use in the ceramic industry

Clay Minerals ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. El Ouahabi ◽  
L. Daoudi ◽  
N. Fagel
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Ceramic Industry ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Geotechnical Characterization

AbstractThis study focuses on the mineralogical and geotechnical characterization of northern Moroccan clays from the Tangier and Tetouan areas and compares them with the main clay deposits used in the Moroccan ceramic industry (from Meknes, Fes, Salé and Safi regions). Sampled clays were analysed by X-ray diffraction on bulk and clay (<2 μm) fractions to identify the mineralogical assemblages of the clay outcrops. Further analyses were conducted to determine the particle size distribution (laser diffraction particle analyser), the total organic matter content (Loss- On-Ignition measurements) and the Atterberg limits of the raw clays. The study aims at investigating the spatial variability of the clay samples and at evaluating their potential application as raw materials in the ceramic industry.Tetouan and Tangier clays are characterized by diversified mineralogical assemblages (in particular a variable proportion of clay, quartz and calcite) compared with the Meknes, Fes, Salé and Safi clays (high clay content, quartz and calcite). The clay fraction of the Tetouan and Tangier samples is dominated by illite and kaolinite with variable amounts of chlorite, smectite and/or vermiculite. Illite is the dominant phase in the Meknes, Fes, Safi and Salé clays, but is associated with kaolinite. No direct relationship between the mineral assemblage composition and the lithology of the series was found.The clays materials studied consist generally of fine particles with medium to high plasticity and low organic matter content. Due to their mineralogy, grain-size distribution and plasticity the clays appear to be suitable as raw material for the growing Morocco ceramic industry.

scholarly journals THE DISTRIBUTION OF Fe, Al, Cu, Co, Cr, Ni, Zn IN ALFISOLS DEVELOPED ON GABBROS FROM KlLKIS AREA

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Π. Τσαουσίδου ◽  
Α. Τσαγκαλίδης ◽  
Ε. Γκάρτζος ◽  
Κ. Χαϊντούτη ◽  
Δ. Γασπαράτος ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Drainage Class ◽  
Distribution Of Elements ◽  
Previous Hypothesis

The distribution of Fe, Al, Cu, Co, Cr, Ni, Zn was examined in two soil profiles of cultivated Alfisols developed from gabbro in the area of Chamilo in Kilkis. The main features of the studied soils were the accumulation of clay in the argilic horizons, the low pH and organic matter content, the absence of CaC03, and the high sand content, with differences in the drainage class and the degree of development. The optical microscope observations have demonstrated the presence of residual pyroxenes, altered plagioclases and muscovite. X-ray diffraction data of the clay fraction show the same clay minerals for the two soil profiles with the presence of kaolinite, illite, vermiculite and interstratified minerals of montmorillonite-vermiculite. The distribution of elements for both soil profiles depends primary from the pedogenetic processes. The illuvial translocation of clay in the argilic horizon seems to play an important role in the behavior of these elements in the studied soils. The significant correlations between the clay fraction, the Fe - Al oxides and the studied elements support the previous hypothesis. The use of ratio of elements concentration between the A and C horizons (index to assess the relative mobility of elements in the soil profile) which have values < 0.90 confirms the influence of the clay fraction at the distribution of elements. The low pH, the particle size distribution, and the drainage class of the soils influence also the dynamics of the studied elements in the soil profiles while the organic matter content seems to have no effect.

scholarly journals Effects of Two-Stage Ditch and Natural Floodplains on Sediment Processes Driven by Different Hydrological Conditions

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2046
Author(s):  
Damiano Baldan ◽  
Matthias Pucher ◽  
Elmira Akbari ◽  
Thomas Hein ◽  
Gabriele Weigelhofer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
P Adsorption ◽  
Functional Parameters ◽  
Hydrological Conditions ◽  
Restoration Technique

The two-stage ditch is a river restoration technique that aims at improving the sediment regime and lateral channel connectivity by recreating a small floodplain alongside a stream reach. This study aimed to analyze the efficiency of a two-stage ditch in improving the stream sediment structure and functions under different hydrological conditions (baseflow, post-bankfull, post-flood). Stream sediments were collected in channel sections adjacent to the two-stage ditch, adjacent to a natural floodplain along channelized reaches without inundation areas. Grain sizes, organic matter content and phosphorous (P) fractions were analyzed along with functional parameters (benthic respiration rate and P adsorption capacity, EPC0). The reach at the two-stage ditch showed no changes in sediment texture and stocks, while the floodplain reach showed higher fines and organic matter content under all hydrological conditions. The sediments in degraded reaches were more likely to be P sources, while they were more in equilibrium with the water column next to the natural floodplains and the two-stage ditch. Only functional parameters allowed for assessing the restoration effects on improving the sediment stability and functionality. Due to its sensitivity, the use of P adsorption capacity is recommended in future studies aiming at evaluating the response of river sediments to restoration measures under different hydrological conditions.

HEAVY METAL SPECIATION IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE VYSHNEVOLOTSKY RESERVOIR

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
O. A. Lipatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Speciation ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Manganese Hydroxides

The study of heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments of the Vyshnevolotsky water reservoir is presented in this paper. Sequential selective procedure was used to determine the heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments and thermodynamic calculation — to determine ones in interstitial water. It has been shown that Mn are mainly presented in exchangeable and carbonate forms; for Fe, Zn, Pb и Co the forms are related to iron and manganese hydroxides is played an important role; and Cu and Ni are mainly associated with organic matter. In interstitial waters the main forms of heavy metal speciation are free ions for Zn, Ni, Co and Cd, carbonate complexes for Pb, fulvate complexes for Cu. Effects of particle size and organic matter content in sediments on distribution of mobile and potentially mobile forms of toxic elements have been revealed.

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