scholarly journals Analysis of the Effect of Payment Mechanism on Exploitation of Polymetallic Nodules in the Area

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Sihan Su ◽  
Mengdan Li ◽  
Shaojun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Financial Model ◽  
Payment Mechanism ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Internal Rate ◽  
Payment Mechanisms

The international seabed area (i.e., the “Area”) is rich in mineral resources. According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the relevant implemented agreements, in 2012, the International Seabed Authority (ISA) began to develop the regulations for the exploitation of mineral resources in the Area. The most important part of the regulations involves determining the distribution of benefits from the exploitation of mineral resources in the Area between the ISA and the contractors. The establishment of a financial model to evaluate the economic benefits and compare the distribution scheme was the basic method relied on in the current study of payment mechanism. According to the characteristics of the exploitation project of mineral resources in the Area, the discounted cash flow method was selected to construct the financial model. Taking China’s deep-sea mineral resources development project in the Area as the background, the main parameters of the model were determined. A comparative study of similar financial models with Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and other foreign countries was carried out, in addition to a sensitivity analysis of parameters. On the basis of the assurance that the contractor’s internal rate of return was not lower than the level of the land mining enterprise, the financial model was used to calculate the internal rate of return and the revenue of royalty under different payment mechanisms and rates. The advantages and disadvantages of different payment mechanisms in the exploitation of mineral resources in the area were analyzed. Lastly, the possible impacts of deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining on Terrestrial metal markets were highlighted.

scholarly journals Analisa investasi dengan Feasibility Study untuk meningkatkan Kecerdasan Finansial pada Budi Daya Ikan di Sidoarjo

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Sitti Khumairoh
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Investment Analysis ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate ◽  
Financial Intelligence

Potential of each region in Indonesia from region to region and different. Indonesia has many islands and is surrounded by sea certainly has the potential of natural resources are not unlimited. One of the areas in Indonesia that fish is also a producer of Sidoarjo regency. Sidoarjo regency in East Java is located between two major rivers namely River Porong and Surabaya River so famous as the city of Delta. Which of the three investment potential of the aquaculture of milkfish, shrimp and Tilapia vaname who earn higher incomes?, Does investment analysis with feasibility studies to improve financial intelligence on aquaculture farmers. Whether or not a project implemented successfully in this case could provide economic benefits or provide financial benefits to the company the necessary analysis or assessment of the situation and the prospects of a project taking into account several criteria such as objectives, benefits and aspects related to the project in research project feasibility analysis. To find out more about the three types of resources are then conducted a field study. From the data collected by the theory of feasible study capital budgeting and financial analysis, data is processed to find out from the three farms that produce high profits. While the capital budgeting analysis that is used is the net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), payback period (PP), average rate of return (ARR) and Profitability Index (PI). From the calculation results can be seen that when viewed from the side of the capital vaname shrimp cultivation requires a smaller capital. in terms of earnings before interest and tax of tilapia aquaculture generate greater revenues. Pay back period of milkfish cultivation period of more rapid return of investment when compared with the cultivation of other woods. Internal rate of return calculations show that the cultivation of fish internal rate of returnnya higher than other cultivation. If you look at the results of the study fish ponds can be used as an investment option, because the investments are in need of smaller and faster payback periodnya. Another thing that underlies this selection of fish culture management easier and more powerful survival compared with other cultivation. Keywords: Investment Analysis, Fisheries, financial intelligence.

scholarly journals ECONOMICO-MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF COVID-19 INFLUENCE AT TRANSPORTATION COMPANY FUNCTIONING

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Tsesliv
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Financial Model ◽  
Motor Transport ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Internal Rate

The article covers the trends of COVID-19 influence on the economic situation of the motor transport enterprise in Ukraine. As a result of the pandemic, Ukraine has seen a reduction in production, reduction of corporate incomes, an increase of unemployment, and impoverishment. The paper investigates the consequences of the pandemic the motor transport. In the example of a small trucking company, profits and profitability decrease of the company during a pandemic is considered. An economic-mathematical model based on net present value and internal profitability is created. By changing the key parameters of the model, the sensitivity analysis is performed, which consists of substituting various hypothetical values of critical parameters into the financial model of the project with their subsequent calculation. Calculated indicators of variation. The coefficient of variation used to estimate the risk per unit of return is calculated. Recommendations on the work of the enterprise after the pandemic are given. Possibilities of basic expenses optimization are analyzed. As a result of the spread of the coronavirus, the expected reduction in employment in passenger traffic is 21%. During a pandemic, bank loans and deposits are important. However, given the economic and political instability in the country, banks face significant difficulties in formulating and implementing effective interest rate policies. Interest rates on active and passive operations of the NBU have currently risen to 7.5%. Because any loans need to be given, the internal rate of return, or internal rate of return (IRR), is analyzed. The internal rate of return is calculated using the IRR function MS Excel. For the case considered in the work, it will be impossible to give loans. Substantial assistance during a pandemic should be state support. The situation in which enterprises found themselves during the pandemic proved the need to develop new methods for the management and planning of medium and large transport enterprises. Currently, all models are based on outdated and inaccurate methods, which leads to significant differences between the desired and achieved results.

scholarly journals Combining capital grant and availability payment to keep toll rates affordable

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar A Queiroz ◽  
Goran Mladenović
Keyword(s):  
Public Support ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Financial Model ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
The Impact

In several countries public budgets cannot provide all the funds needed to build priority transport and other infrastructure projects that are economically justified and environmentally and socially sound. Under certain circumstances, projects meeting such conditions can be implemented by involving private financing, through public-private partnerships (PPP), which is a means to get projects completed by leveraging scarce public resources. Priority highway PPP projects may require toll rates above the affordability level of road users, particularly when construction costs are relatively high and traffic volumes are relatively low. The provision of capital grants and/or availability payments to the concessionaire (i.e., the private partner) by the government (i.e., the public partner) would reduce the toll rate required to attract private investors for the project. Such projects, where the sources of revenue to the private partner (or concessionaire) include both the users of the facility and the government, are usually called hybrid PPPs. A key step in assuring that a proposed PPP highway project would attract private investors is to determine whether financial public support would be required, and if so, how much. To this endeavor, this paper reviews and applies a hybrid PPP financial model for highways that facilitates carrying out projects' financial viability by decision makers and practitioners. A numerical case study is used to illustrate applications of the model to conditions deemed representative of Southeastern European countries. The main outputs generated by the model include the project’s internal rate of return, equity internal rate of return, annual debt service coverage ratio, and the present value of the government’s cash flow. A sensitivity analysis carried out shows the impact of key input parameters on the main outputs. While the financial model discussed has been developed for roads, it can also be adapted to other forms of transport infrastructure, such as rail.

scholarly journals Waste to Energy Financial Model Design Based on Resident Participation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Farizal Nadya Amalin ◽  
Amar Rachman
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Public Project ◽  
Financial Model ◽  
Resident Participation ◽  
Internal Rate

This study designed a financial model for utilizing municipal solid waste (MSW) to generate energy based on resident participation. This effort is crucial since in many cases a government has some competing programs to be funded on its limited money. This makes a public project does not receipt enough funding to run the best option available or even the project sometime has not funded at all. On the other side, regulation and social responsibility factors inhibit private sector to invest their money on it. Based on willingness to pay research conducted at the City of Depok, it was shown that the residents are willing to spend their money to get a better MSW treatment through funding a Sustainable Modular Landfill Gas Plant project. A financial model developed for the project showed that the project is feasible. The project gave a positive net present value and internal rate of return greater than the average Indonesian bank interest rate; that is 13.87% for no electricity discounts scenario and 13.73% for electricity discount scenario. Further analysis showed that the minimum number of resident to participate on the project are 7% and 51% of the total Depok household, respectively.Keywords: Financial model, waste to energy, landfill gas plant project, net present value, internal rate of return.

Costs and benefits of behavioural psychotherapy: a pilot study of neurotics treated by nurse-therapists

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Ginsberg ◽  
Isaac Marks
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Reasonable Assumption ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Internal Rate ◽  
Before And After

synopsisA pilot study is reported of costs and benefits from behavioural psychotherapy by nurse-therapists for selected neurotic problems. Figures are based on the treatment of 42 neurotics (mainly phobics and obsessive-compulsives) who completed treatment with nurse-therapists in a mean of 9 sessions (16 hours). The year before and after treatment was studied. Apart from significant and lasting reduction in patients' distress, economic benefits to them, their families and the community yielded a worthwhile internal rate of return when benefits from the cohort continue for 3 years, a reasonable assumption on available other evidence. Though untreated phobics did not improve elsewhere over 5 years follow-up, a controlled study would seem desirable.

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN KECAP ANEKA GUNA DI KOTA LANGSA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jamil ◽  
Januari Frizki Bella
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Internal Rate

Adapun tujuan dari Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelayakan usaha industri pengolahan kecap Aneka Guna apabila dilihat dari segi kelayakan finansial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus. Lokasi penelitian yaitu di Kota Langsa dengan pertimbangan bahwa lokasi tersebut merupakan daerah yang terdapat industri pengolahan kecap asin dan mudah di jangkau oleh penulis. Waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada Bulan Juni - Oktober 2014. Tenaga kerja yang digunakan berjumlah 27 orang, 20 tenaga kerja pria dan 7 orang tenaga kerja wanita. Jumlah penggunaan tenaga kerja selama 5 tahun sebesar 3759 HKP. Total biaya produksi yang dikeluarkan oleh pengusaha dalam usaha pembuatan kecap didaerah penelitian selama 5 tahun adalah Rp. 2.076.988.000,-. Pendapatan kotor yang diperoleh pengusaha sebesar Rp. 8.199.690.000,- dan pendapan bersih yang diperoleh sebesar Rp. 6.122.702.000,-                 Kota Langsa hanya memiliki 1 pengusaha pengolahan kecap asin dan dijadikan sebagai pengusaha sampel yaitu usaha industri pengolahan kecap asin Aneka Guna. Hasil perhitungan di peroleh Net Present Value (NPV) sebesar Rp. 263.281.290 (lebih besar dari nol), sedangkan Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sebesar 84% lebih besar dari tingkat bunga yang berlaku (D.F. = 18%), sedangkan Net B/C Ratio sebesar 3,27 (lebih dari pada 1) dan Pay Back Priod (PBP) 1 Tahun 6 Bulan (lebih kecil dari umur ekonomis).  

EVALUASI TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN PELAYANAN ASET DI KOTA PEMATANGSIANTAR

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Novdin M Sianturi
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate ◽  
Benefit Cost

Abstrak: Pengelolaan sampah di Kota Pematangsiantar masih bertumpu pada pendekatan akhir (kumpul-angkut-buang), dengan tingkat pelayanan yang rendah, sehingga untuk meningkatkan pelayanan sampah, perlu dilakukan pemilahan di tempat penampungan sementara (TPS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sistem pengelolaan sampah dengan melakukan pemilihan di TPS dapat meningkatkan pelayanan aset persampahan sampai tahun  2015 secara teknis operasional dan dari aspek keuangan. Analisa teknis operasional aset pengelolaan sampah mulai dari pewadahan, pengumpulan dan pengangkutan sedangkan analisa keuangan dan analisa kelayakan menggunakan Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Benefit/Cost Ratio, dan Payback Period. Dari hasil analisa tersebut diperoleh suatu sistem pengelolaan sampah dengan pemilihan di TPS berdasarkan zona pelayanan dengan skala prioritas secara bertahap daritahun 2013-2017, dapat meningkatkan cakupan pelayanan sampah eksisting rata-rata 6,69 %, cakupan pelayanan TPS eksisting rata-rata 8,29 %, dan cakupan pelayanan truk pengangkut sampah eksisting rata-rata 12,03 %. Investasinya layak, diperoleh Net Cashflow pada tahun 2020 sebesar Rp 1.720.242.284,-, NPV suku bunga 15 % bernilai positif, IRR > MARR 15 %,  B/C Ratio > 1, dan PP 4,7 tahun, lebih pendek dari periode investasi 10 tahun. Dari Metode penelitian ini maka pengumpulan data, observasi lapangan dan pengukuran contoh timbulan sampah dengan sampel 4 TPS perumahan yang terlayani pengangkutan.

TINJAUAN STUDI KELAYAKAN USAHA BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA (NAGARI) KAMANG HILIA SEJAHTERA KENAGARIAN KAMANG HILIA, KECAMATAN KAMANG MAGEK, KABUPATEN AGAM, PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Halkadri Fitra ◽  
Salma Taqwa ◽  
Charoline Cheisviyanny ◽  
Abel Tasman ◽  
Nurzi Sebrina
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Internal Rate

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kelayakan aspek keuangan usaha grosir sembako Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera di Kenagarian Kamang Hilia Kecamatan Kamang Magek Kabupaten Agam Provinsi Sumatera Barat yang dilakukan pada tahun 2018. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode cash flow analysis, payback period, net present value, profitability index, internal rate of return, dan average rate of return. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai net cash flow Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera adalah positif yaitu Rp.21.774.000, nilai payback period adalah 1,15 tahun, nilai net present value positif sebesar Rp.10.680.034,47, nilai profitability index adalah positif 1,37, sedangkan nilai internal rate of return adalah 46,7% dan nilai average rate of return adalah 57,23%. Berdasarkan standar penilaian maka semua metode yang digunakan memberikan kesimpulan bahwa usaha grosir sembako milik Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera dalam kategori layak untuk dilaksanakan.

Analisis Kelayakan Finansial Usaha Ternak Ayam Kampung Super (Studi Kasus pada Peternakan Suparlan di Desa Jojog Kecamatan Pekalongan Kabupaten Lampung Timur)

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikri Fathurahman Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Internal Rate

This study aims to analyze financially (net present value, revenue cost ratio, internal rate of return, break event point, return on investment and payback period) feasibility of kampung super chicken farming Mr. Suparlan in Jojog village, district Pekalongan, East Lampung regency. The data used in the form of quantitative and qualitative data sourced from the primary data and secondary data which is then analyzed descriptively. Based on the analysis, it is known that kampung super farm is financially feasible to cultivate. This is indicated by the positive value of net present value (NPV) of Rp 186,568,517, revenue ratio (RCR) 1.59, internal rate of return (IRR) of 135.82%, return on investment (ROI) of 43%, and the value of payback period (PP) of 0.50. Keywords: financial feasibility, kampung chicken, chicken farm

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